august 2008 landscape principles concepts & applications by andy tenhuisen june 2002 georgia...
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August 2008
Landscape Principles
Concepts
&
Applications
By Andy TenHuisen
June 2002
Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office
August 2008
Objectives
• To identify the principles of art as it pertains to landscape design
• To distinguish between good and poor landscape designs
• To explain the importance of implementing design principles
• To describe methods of obtaining design principles
August 2008
You know when something looks good, but can you explain to someone else why you like it?
August 2008
Which do you like?
• Why do you like that one?• What makes it different from the other?• Does this relate anything at all to a haircut?
August 2008
Why don’t you like this house?
• How do you tell another person why you dislike this house?
• Can you put into words what needs to be done to improve this house’s curb appeal?
August 2008
Let’s take a look and find out what words you can use to
better describe what you like
August 2008
Balance
• Means “equilibrium”
• Visual weight of the landscape is equal
• Unbalanced objects cause the viewer to be uneasy and confused
• Two types of balance can be used in the landscape
August 2008
Symmetrical Balance
• Mirror image• Used more for
formal architecture• Visual weight is
balanced
August 2008
Which house has symmetrical balance?
August 2008
Asymmetrical Balance
• Visual weight is balanced but not mirror images
• Used more in informal architecture
August 2008
Home landscapes lacking balance are unappealing
August 2008
Simplicity
• Should be soothing to the eye; not busy• No competing objects• Minimal plant variety• No scalloped bed lines; gentle curves• Repetition• Mass Plantings
August 2008
Repetition
• Repeating shapes helps maintain simplicity
August 2008
Mass Plantings
• Large beds of one plant variety achieve simplicity
August 2008
Simple Design
• Using minimal plant variety
• Gentle curving bed lines
• Repetition
August 2008
What characteristics of simplicity are achieved here?
• Curved bed lines• Minimal plant variety• No competing
objects• Not busy
August 2008
Focalization
• Visual importance
• One item appears to dominate
• Don’t have competing focal points
• Draws attention
August 2008
Front Door
• The front door should be the focal point of the landscape
August 2008
Accenting the Front Door
• Using brass kick plate
• Use lights and lighting fixtures
• Sidewalks lead eye to door
• Using porticos• Stained glass• Vertical elements• Small flower beds
August 2008
Front Doors
August 2008
Where’s the front door?
August 2008
Rhythm & Line
• What is rhythm?
• How to achieve rhythm?
• What lines are we concerned with?
• Sequencing?
August 2008
Rhythm• Landscapes have rhythm just as music
has rhythm
• Music has a beat (count)
• Music has repetition of notes in the same scale
• Landscapes have rhythm by a repetitious count of textures/form/color
August 2008
Rhythm
• Repeating plant form/color/texture throughout the entire landscape
August 2008
Rhythm
• Tying areas together• Continuity• Gradual changes
August 2008
Line
• What the eye follows
• Everything has a line
• Tree outlines
• Bed lines
• Patios & Decks
• Buildings
• Gradual changes of line are most appealing
August 2008
Lines
August 2008
Bed lines
August 2008
Vertical Lines
• Vertical lines draw attention
• Create a sense of tension and nervousness
• Tend to exaggerate
August 2008
Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines create a sense of warmth and tranquility
• Do not draw attention
August 2008
Sequencing
• Positioning objects according to size
• Small – medium – large
• Provide a smoother line for the eye to follow
• Provide views of all plants
• Help create horizontal lines
August 2008
Sequencing
August 2008
Lacking Rhythm & Line
August 2008
Scale & Proportion
• Large objects dwarf other objects
• Large objects tend to be overpowering and cause uneasiness
• Large objects used with large structures create proportion
• Small objects create a feeling of warmth and serenity
• Small objects enhance or exaggerate other objects
• Dwarfed plants should be used with smaller landscapes
August 2008
Proportionately Correct
August 2008
Incorrect Scale
August 2008
Large plants in front of house help dwarf the house
August 2008
Review of Principles
1. Balance
2. Simplicity
3. Focalization
4. Rhythm & Line
5. Scale & Proportion
August 2008
Symmetrical Balance
August 2008
Asymmetrical Balance
August 2008
Unbalanced
August 2008
Simplicity
• Gentle curves and lines• Repetition of plants• Mass plantings
August 2008
Simplicity
• One focal point• Same texture• Horizontal lines
August 2008
No Simplicity
August 2008
Focalization
• One focal point• No competing
elements• Vertical lines
help draw attention
• Changes in form
August 2008
Rhythm & Line
• Bed lines tie areas together
• Horizontal lines create a feeling of warmth
• Repetition provides continuity
• Simplistic designs create rhythm
August 2008
Scale & Proportion
• Using plants in size relationship to complement rather than offend
• Larger plants are overpowering and create uneasiness
• Smaller plants generate warmth
August 2008
Let’s take a look at some more desirable landscapes
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Let’s take a look at some designs lacking good landscaping principles
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Conclusion
• Remember landscaping is an art• Principles should be followed to create a
sense a beauty• The most exquisite landscapes generally
are the most simplistic in design• The brain imports information from
senses. Don’t overwhelm the brain with excessive visual inputs!
August 2008
The End!
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