august 24, 2016 earthquake in amatrice, central...

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August 24, 2016

Earthquake in Amatrice, Central Italy

Kyriazis Pitilakis

and the group of the Laboratory of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake

Geotechnical Engineering

Aristotle University

Thessaloniki, Greece.

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General

2

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Seismotectonics

Seismotectonics of the Mediterranean Region and Vicinity

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Seismotectonics

Billi et al, (2006), The Geological Society of America, Inc Palano (2014), Geophysics Journal International

Main faults in central Italy

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Historic Seismicity of the region

Large past events of magnitudes equal to or grater than Mw 4.5

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Boncio et al, (2004), Annals of Geophysics Valensise et al. (2003), Instituto Nazionale di

Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Large past events of the region

Historic Seismicity of the region

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Seismicity Hazard map of the region

Seismicity Hazard map of the Mediterranean Region

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Italian Civil Defense Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Seismic Hazard map and National Seismic Zone of Italy

Seismicity Hazard map of the region

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Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale USGA

Predefined Vs30 map and Geological map of Italy

Seismicity Hazard map of the region

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Seismological aspects of the sequence

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Past regional seismicity

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Earthquake details

Magnitude 6.2 Mw

Location

42.723°N 13.187°E

± 4.4 km

Depth 4.5 km± 2.8

Origin Time 2016-08-24

01:36:32.880 UTC

Number of Phases 167

Minimum Distance 13.7 km (0.12°)

Travel Time Residual 0.67 s

Azimuthal Gap 25°

FE Region CENTRAL ITALY (381)

source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0

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Epicenter location

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Focal mechanism

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Aftershock sequence

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Aftershock sequence

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Aftershock sequence

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Felt reports

source: www.emsc-csem.org

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Shake maps

source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0

Intensity PGA

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Shake maps

source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0

PSA 0.3s PSA 1.0s

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Fatalities – Economic losses (PAGER)

Estimated Fatalities

Estimated Economic Losses

source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0

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Recorded Strong Motion

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Recorded PGA

PGA (in gal) recorded at strong motion stations within 200 km from the epicentre

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Epicentre

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Maximum recorded PGA

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it &

http://ran.protezionecivile.it/IT/index.php?evid=340867

The largest PGAs have been recorded at short epicentral distances (< 15 km) at the

stations:

Amatrice (AMT, 0.45 g, uncorrected value, E-W component),

Norcia (NRC, 0.38 g, N-S component)

Arquata del Tronto (RQT, 0.45 g, E-W component, N-S component not available)

Arquate del Tronto

Norcia

Amatrice

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source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Map of the Peak Ground Acceleration (max between horizontal components, in cm/s2)

Maximum recorded PGA

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Maximum recorded PGV

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Map of the Peak Ground Velocity (max between horizontal components, in cm/s)

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Maximum recorded PGD

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Map of the Peak Ground Displacement (max between horizontal components, in cm)

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source: Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of

August 24, 2016 (accessed through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)

Acceleration time histories recorded at Amatrice

Strong motion records - Amatrice

East-west component

Vertical component

North-south component

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Response spectra - Amatrice

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

East-west

component

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Response spectra - Amatrice

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

North-south

component

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Response spectra - Amatrice

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Vertical

component

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source: Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of

August 24, 2016 (accessed through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)

Acceleration time histories recorded at Norcia

Strong motion records - Norcia

East-west component

Vertical component

North-south component

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Response spectra - Norcia

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

East-west

component

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Response spectra - Norcia

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

North-south

component

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Response spectra - Norcia

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Vertical

component

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Response spectra - Amatrice

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Pseudo-acceleration response spectra compared to the elastic spectra of Italian code

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Response spectra - Norcia

source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground

motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .

Pseudo-acceleration response spectra compared to the elastic spectra of Italian code

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References

ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground motion records, available at

http://www.reluis.it (last accessed: 16/9/2016)

Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of August 24, 2016 (accessed

through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)

Protezione Civile – Civil protection department of Italy: http://ran.protezionecivile.it/IT/index.php?evid=340867

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Structural damage

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An aerial view shows the damage in Amatrice

Structural damage

http://www.kpbs.org/photos/2016/aug/24/84839/

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A view of a square in the centre of Amatrice in the province of Lazio

Structural damage

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-

devastated-by-deadly-earthquake

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Structural Damage to municipal buildings in Arquata del Tronto

Structural damage

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-

devastated-by-deadly-earthquake

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View of the central square in Arquata del Tronto

Structural damage

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-

devastated-by-deadly-earthquake

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Structural damage- Complete collapse

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Structural damage- Collapse of RC building

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Structural damage – RC joints

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Structural damage – RC joints

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Structural damage – RC building

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Structural damage – RC building

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Structural damage – Masonry building

Cracks and tilting mechanism in a masonry building

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Structural damage – Masonry buildings

Collapse of the outer layer of a

masonry wall

Cracks and minor damage to masonry

building

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Collapse of the perimeter wall

Structural damage – Masonry buildings

Diagonal cracks on a masonry building

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Diagonal cracks to masonry

Structural damage – Masonry buildings

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Shear failure and detachment of masonry

Structural damage – Masonry buildings

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Masonry infills

Extensive damage to masonry infills

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Masonry infills

Diagonal cracks to masonry infills

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Masonry infills

Diagonal cracks to masonry infills

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Non-structural damage

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Non structural damage

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Damage to the chimney

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References

F. Celano, M, Cimmino, O. Coppola, G. Magliulo, P. Salzano, 2016. Report dei danni registrati a seguito

del terremoto del Centro Italia del 24 agosto 2016 (Release 1). Available at http:www.reluis.it

G. Santarsiero, L. Chiauzzi, A. Masi, 2016. Analisi del danneggiamento di edifici situati nella zona sub del

comune di amatrice (Ri): Confronto pre e post sisma del 24/08/2016 (Versione V2). Universita degli Studi

della Basilicata- Scuola di Ingegneria Consorzio Interuniveritario ReLUIS.

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Monumental structures

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https://news.artnet.com/art-world/devastation-cultural-heritage-

italy-earthquake-621044

Monumental structures

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https://news.artnet.com/art-world/devastation-cultural-heritage-

italy-earthquake-621044

Monumental structures

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http://heavy.com/news/2016/08/amatrice-italy-history-

map-earthquake-mayor-pasta-amatriciana-population-

location-art-historic-landmark-church-artifacts/

Monumental structures

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Monumental structures

http://heavy.com/news/2016/08/amatrice-italy-history-

map-earthquake-mayor-pasta-amatriciana-population-

location-art-historic-landmark-church-artifacts/

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http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/earthquake-

italy-tears-historic-church-basilica-article-1.2766021

Monumental structures

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http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost

-heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-

9190060.php#photo-10843229

Basilica di San Francesco in Amatrice

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Basilica di San Francesco in Amatrice

http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-

heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-

10843229

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Saint Agostino church in Amatrice

http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-

heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-

10843229

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San Giovanni church in Amatrice

http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-

heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-

10843229

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Lifelines utilities / Schools / Hospitals /

Networks

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Lifelines Utilities

Interruptions to lifelines such as water and sewer systems,

energy lines, roads, and telecommunications systems

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Public Buildings (School)

Amatrice

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Public Buildings (Hospital)

Near Amatrice • extensive diagonal

cracks in the walls and

• inside the ceilings have

fallen in

http://miyamotointernational.com/central-italy-earthquake-journal-day-3/

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Road Network

Accumoli

P. Karydis, E. Lekkas, S. Mavroulis, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens

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Road Network

Amatrice

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Road Network

Arquata del Tronto

Google (before);

Giuseppe Bellini/Getty Images (after)

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Road Network

Giuseppe Bellini/Getty Images

Arquata del Tronto

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Road Network

Pescara del Tronto

Google (before);

Epa / Christiano Chiodi (after)

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Damages related to ground failures

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Landslides

http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/

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Landslides

http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/

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Landslides

http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/

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Rock Falls

http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/

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Rock Falls

Pre- and

Post- earthquake

rock wall at the

Corno Piccolo

(Gran Sasso Massif)

http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/

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Rock Falls

from field reconnaissance conducted by INGV

Road network interruption

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Ruptures Along the Mt. Vettore fault

from field reconnaissance conducted by INGV

• Surface fractures

• Slope displacements:

maximum 15-20 cm

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Losses in economic sector

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Economic Losses

An early estimate from the Italian Civil Protection Department :

economic losses of around $11 billion

This estimate likely includes full rebuilding costs

Insured losses expected to be 10% of economic losses

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Estimated Economic Losses

Red alert level for economic losses.

Extensive damage and widespread disaster.

Estimated economic losses are less than 1% of GDP of Italy.

Past events with this alert level have required a national or

international level response.

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10006g7d#pager

According to USGS: