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Organisms in the Environment

The Flow of Energy

Ecosystem Dynamics

Ecosystem Dynamics

A. Ecosystems

B. Population Growth

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A. Ecosystems

1. The ecosystem is the habitat and the community considered together

a. temperature and humidity

b. oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and water

c. predators, food, and mates_

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2. Organisms are adapted to their environment_

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B. Population Growth

1. The growth of a population of organisms may be limited by environmental factors such as food supply or predation

a. population grows slowly

b. population grows exponentially

c. population growth decreases

d. population constant (carrying capacity)_

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WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO A POPULATION OF DEER LEFT ON AN ISLAND WITH NO PREDATORS?

Think about it!

Think

2. Population growth curves can vary with respect to one or more limiting environmental factors_

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3. Weather can have dramatic effects on population size

a. temperature

b. availability of light

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4. Competition with other organisms can reduce the growth of a population

a. require same resources (light)

b. territory and mates

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5. Predation/starvation limits the size of a population

a. prey population becomes larger

b. easier for predators to find and kill prey

c. prey population decreases

d. predators find it difficult to find prey and die

e. cycle repeats_

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The End

The Flow of Energy

B. Energy Pyramids

A. Food Chains and Webs

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A. Food Chains and Webs

1. The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is the sun

a. solar energy is transferred to chemical energy

b. this energy is passed along food chains

c. energy losses occur along a food chain_

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PUT THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS IN THE ORDER THEY ARE EATEN BY ONE ANOTHER: FROG, HAWK, GRASS, SNAKE, CRICKET.

Think about it!

Think

2. Food chains show the relationship between specific organisms in an ecosystem_

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a. producers- make food through photosynthesis_

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b. consumers- obtain energy by eating others

1) primary consumers eat plants

2) secondary consumers eat animals_

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c. decomposers- eat the wastes and remains of other organisms_

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3. Food webs show the relationship between food chains in an ecosystem

a. arrow indicates the flow of energy_

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B. Energy Pyramids

1. Energy enters an ecosystem in the form of sunlight

a. energy is transferred to plants by means of photosynthesis

b. energy continues to pass from organism to organism along trophic levels (feeding levels)_

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2. Energy pyramids (biomass and numbers) are a display of energy transfer through an ecosystem

a. each trophic level is symbolized by a horizontal rectangle

b. producers are the base of the pyramid

c. primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers are stacked consecutively on top_

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3. The change in numbers and biomass relate to the loss of energy along food chains

a. cellular respiration- carbon dioxide and heat

b. wastes- undigested or uneaten food_

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4. Eating plant products rather than animal products is advantageous

a. the energy available in a food chain decreases with each trophic level

b. about only 10% of the energy is passed on

c. animal grazing requires more resources (land, water, energy…)_

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The End