basic first aid (bleeding)
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BASIC FIRST AID:BLEEDING
By :
Agbuya , Zarah Yvonne
Alarcio , Janmaverick
Alvarez, Adrian Joseph
Aquino, Trisha Mae
Aracan, Deniel Kendrick
University of Santo Tomas
• is the provision of initial care for
an illness or injury commonly done in the
absence of a certified health professional.
• 3 AIMS OF FIRST AID :
- Preserve life
- Prevent further injury
- Promote recovery
FIRST AID (OVERVIEW)
TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID
1. Military FIRST AID
- Military first aid is
taught
within the cadet
forces and
should only be used
in a
military or law
enforcement
scenario. It takes
into account the
dangers of
combat and a
combat zone,
and also utilises
PHILIPPINE SETTING :
2. Civilian FIRST AID
- the usual first aid method employed by civilian emergency medical responders.
- It implements a careful step by step procedure in the performance of first aid unlike the drastic measures imposed in the
TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID
• PHILIPPINE SETTING:
IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID TO A PHARMACIST
• Pharmacists have expanded their healthcare roles to not just being compounders of drugs, but to being drug experts as well. They now provide clinical services such as drug intervention and management, ambulatory care, etc. so it is imperative that all pharmacists must know these basic first aid skills to affirm their roles as health professionals and as health care providers.
I-DEFINITION
• Bleeding, technically known
as hemorrhaging ,is the loss of
blood escaping from the circulatory system.
Bleeding can occur internally, where blood
leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or
externally, either through a natural opening
such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra,
vagina, or anus, or through a break in
the skin.
Capillary Bleeding
• Capillaries
are the
smallest
blood
vessels in
your body;
they are
about as
thin as the
hairs on
your head.
Capillary Bleeding
• When a minor scrape or cut opens some capillaries, the bleeding is almost always very slow and small in quantity. Your body's natural clotting mechanism is able to stop most cases of capillary bleeding within seconds to minutes.
• Blood oozes from the wound
Venous Bleeding
• Deep cuts have the
potential to cut
open veins. A cut
vein typically
results in a steady
but relatively slow
flow of dark red
blood.
• The best way to
stop most cases of
venous bleeding is
to put direct
Arterial Bleeding
• This is the least common and most dangerous type of bleeding. It involves bright red blood that comes out in large volume, and in spurts that correspond
Arterial Bleeding
• In most cases of arterial bleeding, direct
and extremely firm pressure on the wound
is the best way of stopping it. If direct
pressure is not applied, a severe arterial
wound can cause you to bleed to death
within a few minutes.
Traumatic Bleeding• Caused by an injury (can vary
in severity) but most will cause bleeding to some degree
TYPES:
• Abrasions that don’t penetrate below the skin
• Hematoma or bruises -collection of blood outside of a blood vessel giving the skin a spongy, rubbery, lumpy feel
• Crushing injuries
• Lacerations or incisions
• Puncture wounds (needles or knives)
• Gunshot wounds
Medical Conditions• Generally rarer than traumatic bleeding
Includes:
• Hemophilia- bleeding disorder in which
blood doesn’t clot normally
• Leukemia- abnormal increase in the
number of white blood cells
• Liver Disease
• Menorrhagia- abnormal profuse menstrual
flow
• Von Willebrand’s disease- deficiency of
blood clotting protein
• Thrombocytopenia-abnormally low
amount of platelets
• Vit. K Deficiency
• Brain trauma - also known as intracranial
injury, occurs when an external force
traumatically injures the brain
Medical Conditions
• Bowel obstruction-mechanical or
functional obstruction of the intestines,
preventing the normal transit of the
products of digestion
• Congestive heart failure- occurs when the
heart isn't able to pump blood normally
• Lung Cancer
• Acute Bronchitis
Medicines
• Some medicines can increase your chances of bleeding or even causes bleeding
• You will be WARNED about this and ADVISED WHAT TO DO when you are first prescribed the medication
Medicines that may be responsible for bleeding:
• Blood-thinning medications- reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke by reducing the formation of blood clots in your arteries and veins.
• Antibiotics (used in long term basis)
• Radiation therapy
How to address severe bleeding
• Sanitize your
hands if you
can. If you
have them, put
on surgical
gloves. This will
help to prevent
infection to the
injured person.
How to address severe bleeding
• Lay the injured person down flat andelevate the legs or place a pillow underthe body so that the trunk is just slightlyhigher than the head. If the wound is in alimb, elevate the limb.
How to address severe bleeding
• Cover the victim with a blanket, if
possible, to keep body heat in.
How to address severe bleeding
• Remove any debris or dirt from the
bleeding area without removing any
large chunks that may have caused the
damage.
How to address severe bleeding
• Apply pressureon the bleedingarea to stopseverebleeding. If youhave a clean clothor bandage, use it.Otherwise, usewhatever youhave, includingyour hands. Holdthe pressure for 20minutes withoutchecking the
How to address severe bleeding
• Place a pad over the wound tightly with the edges of the wound held together for a gaping wound. Wrap the wound with a bandage if you have one. If not, use a clean cloth or whatever else you have. Bind it with adhesive tape. Continue to use
How to address severe bleeding
• Add cloths
or any other
absorbent
material you
might have if
the bleeding
does not
stop and is
coming
through the
bandage.
How to address severe bleeding
• Place an
ice pack on
the
wounded
area. This
will help to
constrict
blood
vessels,
which will
help stop
How to address severe bleeding
• Locate the artery nearest to the wound
and apply pressure to it, keeping your
fingers flat and against the bone if the
bleeding does not stop.
– In the arm, the pressure points are
located slightly below the inside of the
armpit and slightly above the elbow. You
can also find a pressure point at the
wrist.
– In the leg, the pressure points are in the
groin area and behind the knee.
How to address severe bleeding
• Get the
injured
person to the
emergency
room as
quickly as
you can when
the bleeding
has stopped
or continue to
wait for help
to arrive.
Classificationof Bleeding
• Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
• Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
• Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound
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