basic selenium training

trainings@digitalinfobytes.com

Selenium: Test Automation of Web Application

Weekend Workshop for QA professionals

Trainer: Dipesh BhatewaraDate: 23rd June 2012

Introduction

Why Test Automation

Advantages of Test Automation

• Frequent and quick regression testing• Rapid feedback to developers• Virtually unlimited iterations of test case

execution• Support for Agile and extreme development

methodologies• Increased test coverage• Enables QA team to utilize bandwidth in

exploratory testing.

When to automate?

• Long projects – regression• Frequent releases and extreme programming• Quick feedback to developer – Sanity

Web Testing: Approaches

• GUI Automation– locating by coordinates– using generic OS mouse/keyboard events– suitable for any GUI app

• HTML/DOM Automation– parsing HTML– evaluating HTML elements (forms, input...) – DOM as presentation of application– DOM traversal – interacting with DOM tree (target.dispatchEvent,...)

Introduction to Selenium

• Open Source Test Automation Framework• Developed by ThoughtWorks and Google• Robust set of tools for web-based applications• On multiple browsers• On multiple Operating Systems• Support many languages, including Ruby,

Python, Java, c# and so on

Selenium Components

• Selenium IDE• Selenium RC• Selenium Grid• WebDriver (Selenium 2.0)

Selenium IDE

• Firefox plug-in• Integrated Development Environment for Selenium

Tests.• Provides record and playback functionality.• Provides the ability to debug test scripts.• Auto complete common selenium commands.• Export tests in different formats like HTML, Java,

Ruby, Python and so on.

Installation

• Download IDE from - http://seleniumhq.org/download/

• Add as Add On to Firefox• Launch it from Tools -> Selenium IDE

IDE explained

• Record/Play• Test Case• Test Suite• Command -Target –

Value• Export/Import

• Click on Etsy logo and verify title• Search for Vintage shoe and verify

first item’s name• Run as suite

Assignment - IDE

• Etsy.com• Navigate to Category – Furniture -> Chair• Click on the first item in the result list• Verify the item details page is displayed• Assert the Price of the product shown on this

Assignment IDE Test Suite

• Click on Kids section on left, on Kids page click on Tweet button, Switch to new window, Sign in with wrong username and password to twitter and check the Error.

• Click on ‘Accessories’ Category and test the pagination functionality

• Save the Test Suite• Run as Test Suite

Commonly Used Selenium Commands

Action Commands• Open(Link) – This Command will open the specified page• click(Locator) – This Command will Click at specified target• check(Locator) – Toggles the checked value of a checkbox• type(Locator, value) –Sends text input to an element• select (Locator, value)– This will select the specified item in a list

Note: most action commands in Selenium IDE also have a duplicate command with the AndWait suffix. When these are used the action is performed and a page load is expected and the command will not complete until the page has loaded or the timeout is reached.

Commonly Used Selenium Commands

Store, Check, and Wait• isElementPreset(locator) – Checks if an element is present on the page• store(expression, variableName) – Allows you to temporarily store a

value• verify(pattern) – performs verification and skip execution, if fails.• assert(pattern) – performs verification and stop execution, if fails.• waitFor(pattern) – Waits until the value matches the specified value or

the timeout.

Note: These Commands are heart of Selenium ,as these deal with verifiacation and validation part. There are variations available in these commands eg. waitForPageToLoad(), waitForPopUp()

Object Identification

• Using HTML properties of the Object– Name– Id– Class

• Using Xpaths (DOM address)– XPath is a language for finding information in an

XML document

Xpath Explained

FireBug installation & DEMO

Assignment

• Etsy.com• Find Unique HTML Ids as well as Xpaths for

below– Regsiter Button– Search text box– Fashion link– 3rd Item in second row on home page

Handy tool for Xpaths

• Fire Path (Lets use this)• Xpather

OOPS Concepts

• Objects• Classes• Data abstraction• Inheritance• Polymorphism

Sample Java Program

Selenium RC

• A server, written in Java and so available on all the platforms.

• Acts as a proxy for web requests from tests.• Client libraries for many popular languages.• Bundles Selenium Core and automatically

loads into the browser

Selenium RC components

• Selenium Server: launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT.

• Client Libraries: provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.

Install & Start

• Ensure that JDK is present on the machine and is in the class path.

• Downloaded Selenium RC from http://seleniumhq.org/download/

• Unzip to any directory on your file system.• Change directory to the Selenium Server on

the command line or terminal.• Start Selenium Server.

Change Directory to Selenium Server

Start selenium Server

Eclipse and Project setup

• Launch Eclipse• Create Java project• Import selenium-client library • Add JUnit plugin to eclipse• Export the code of your Selenium IDE

assignment as Selenium RC Junit4 code• Add the exported java file to the project and

Handling different types of elements & Demo

• Text Box• List• Check Box• Radio Buttons

Assignment

• Create a fresh project in Eclipse• Add a test case to register a new user at

Etsy.com

More Assignments

• Test User Sign In – Valid & Error• Test Add To Cart and verify the country can be

changed on the cart page.• Run them as suite from Eclipse

End of Day 1

History

2004 2007 2009 2011

Selenium WebDriver

Selenium2

WebDriver

• Is a Self Contained Library • Uses browser capabilities over injected javascripts• “Best fit” technology• Clean & Object Oriented API • Easy to maintain• Faster than Selenium 1• Tightly bound to the browser, no need of Selenium

Server • Bindings : Java, C#, Python, Ruby • Android and iPhone support

Selenium Server in Selenium2

• Replicate Selenium RC functionalities • Remote WebDriver• Selenium Grid 2

WebDriver

WebDriver Interface

Firefox

Driver

Internet Explorer Driver

Chrome

Driver

HTML Unit

Driver

Opera Driver

Andriod

Driver

iPhone

Driver

“BestFit”s

• Internet Explorer Driver accesses the browser via the COM layer using some automation hooks that Microsoft have put there and maintain. The core code is written in C++.

• FirefoxDriver is a Firefox addon that accesses items at the Chrome layer

• ChromeDriver is a Chrome Extension that allows drive Chrome.

• The Android driver is an APK that allows us to drive the Web View and the same with iPhone

WebDriver

Sample Code for Demonstration

Let’s setup a project

• Download • New Project• Import selenium jar• Add class imported from IDE (as Junit4

Webdriver)• Run the tests

Assignment – Import Class From IDE and Run

Let’s code

• Add a new test class to test Etsy.com• Launch the site

Locator Strategies• ID

– webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo"));• Name

– webDriver.findElement(By.name("q"));• Tag Name

– webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"));• Class name

– webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos"));• XPath

– webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section[@id=‘miniconfs’]/a[2]"));• Link Text

– webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About"));• Partial Link Text

– webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra"));

Page Interactions

• webElement.click() • webElement.sendKeys(...) • webElement.submit() • Actions class -> Mouse Events / Drag and Drop

Demo of Etsy Registration with Firefox

Assignment

Demo: Run Same Test On Different Browser

Assignment: Run earlier assignment on another browser

Pop-up/Alert handling

• Pop up window– driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);

• Alerts– alert = driver.switchTo().alert();– alert.Accept();– alert.Dismiss();

Sample Code

• http://www.blazonry.com/javascript/windows.php

Assignment

Additional useful commands• Polling the DOM for N seconds

– webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Testing CSS properties – webElement.getCssValue(“height”);

• Javascript execution – JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;

– Long value = (Long) js.executeScript("return window.scrollY");

• Navigation– Navigation nav = webDriver.navigate();

– nav.back(); / nav.forward(); nav.to(“url”);

Backward Compatibility with Selenium 1

Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, “http://osdc.com.au”);

selenium.open("http://osdc.com.au");

selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");

selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");

WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium) selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();

Reference Sites

• Xpath– http://hedleyproctor.com/2011/05/tutorial-writin

g-xpath-selectors-for-selenium-tests/

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