bcs lecture 1

Abbas KhanDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Peshawar

abbas.info@yahoo.com

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 1

Database IIDatabase Administration

Course Contents

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 2

Database Administration Database Integrity Database Security Database Recovery Database Concurrency Distributed Databases Object Oriented Database

Recommended Books

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C.J Date, An introduction to Database, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley Company, 1983.

Jeffrey A Hoffer, Database Management, 4th Edition, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc 1994.

Thomas M. Connolly E. Begg, Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design , Implementation and Management, 4th Edition, Addison Wesley Company, 2004.

What is Database ?

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 4

An organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form

Data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality

A database is typically organized according to general Data models

Role of the Database

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 5

Primary Role: To Support Managerial Decision Making at All Levels of the Organization

Top Level Strategic Decisions

Middle Management Tactical Decisions

Operational Management Daily, Operational Decisions

Need for Databases

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Data is used by different people, in different departments, for different reasons

Interpretation and Presentation of data in useful formats

Distribution of data and information To the right people At the right time

Control over Data Duplication(Compression technique for storage utilization) and Use

Database Administrator

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 7

Coordinates all the activities of the database system

has a good understanding of the enterprise’s information resources and needs.

Database administrator's duties include: Storage structure and access method definition Granting user authority to access the database

Database Administrator Conti….

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Specifying integrity constraints

Acting as liaison (means of communication b/w groups) with users

Monitoring performance and responding to changes in requirements

Database AdministrationDefinitions

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Data Administration: A high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data resources in an organization, including maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards

Database Administration: A technical function that is responsible for physical database design and for dealing with technical issues such as security enforcement, database performance, and backup and recovery

DBA Functions

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Data policies, procedures, standards

Planning

Data conflict (ownership) resolution

Managing the data repository (data partitioning logical o physical)

DBA Functions Conti….

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Selection of hardware and software

Installing/upgrading DBMS

Improving query processing performance

Managing data security, privacy, and integrity

Data backup and recovery

DBA’s Responsibilities

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DBA ACTIVITY DBA SERVICES

Planning End User Support

Organizing Policies, Procedures, Standard

Testing Data Security, Privacy, Integrity

Monitoring Data Backup, Recovery

Delivering Data Distribution

End-User Support

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 13

User Requirements Gathering Understanding of the users’ views and needs Present and Future information needs

Conflict and Problem Resolution Solutions in one department may cause problems in another

Finding Solutions to Information Need

Ensure Quality and Integrity of Applications and Data

Build End-User Confidence

Policies, Procedures, and Standards

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 14

Policies: General Statements of Direction or action that communicate and support DBA goals

Procedures: Written Instructions that describe a services of steps to be followed during the performance of a given activity

Standards: More detailed and specific than policies, and describe the minimum requirements of a DBA activity Rules that are used to evaluate the quality of the activity

Areas of Policies and Procedures

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End-User database requirements gatheringDatabase design and modelingDocumentation and Naming conventionsDesign, coding, and testing of applicationsDatabase software selectionDatabase security and integrityDatabase backup and recoveryDatabase maintenance and operationEnd-user training

Data Security, Privacy and Integrity

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 16

User Access Management Define each user to the database

Operating System Level Database Level

Assign Passwords Define User Groups Assign Access Privileges

Read Write Delete

Physical Access ControlView Definitions

Protect and Control the Scope of the Data that is accessible to a user

Data Backup and Recovery

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 17

Disaster Management Periodic Data and Application Backups

Full Incremental Concurrent

Proper Backup Identification

Convenient and safe backup storage

Physical protection of hardware and software

Data Distribution and Use

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 18

Data is only useful when: Given to the Right User Right Time Right Format

Programmers Deliver programs to access data Time consuming for DBA

Data Distribution allows end users to access the database Internet Intranets Queries, Web Front Ends End Users may make improper use of database, data

duplication, etc.

DBA’s Technical Role

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 19

DBMS and utilities, evaluation, selection and installation

Design and implementation of Database

Testing and Evaluation

Operation of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications

Training and Supporting Users

Maintenance of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications

Evaluation, Selection, and Installation

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 20

Selection of Hardware and Software

Must be based on the Organization’s Needs

Search is for a solutions to a problem, not a need for a software

1st step is to determine companies NEEDS

Design and Implementation

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Determination and Enforcement of Standards and Procedures

Ensure the Design activities are performed within the Standards and Procedures

Ensure Transactions are: Correct Efficient Compliant with Integrity and Standards

Physical DesignOperational Procedures

Testing and Evaluation

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 22

All Database and End User ApplicationsMaintained Independently of Development and

ImplementationCover:

Technical AspectsBackup, Recovery, Security, Integrity

Evaluation of Documentation Observance of Standards Naming, Documentation, Coding Data Duplication Conflicts with existing data Enforcement of Data Validation rules

Assignment # 1o Define Data Metadata Informationo List any 3 risks associated with

Databases

Deadline = Tomorrow

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.

April 7, 2023BCS 4th Semester Section "B" UoP 24

Thank You!