biology chemistry unit test review
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BiologyChemistry Unit
Test Review
Images in this power point were obtained from Google Images
What is Matter?Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?Anything that has mass and volume.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!
An Atom!
What is the smallest unit of matter?
What is an
?Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
An element is “pure stuff”. It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au) from the periodic table.
Other Examples:CarbonHydrogenOxygenSodiumPhosphorous
What are atoms made up of?
Hint: 3 Things
What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus that do not add to its mass?
What is its charge?
What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom?
What are their charges?
Electrons (-)
Protons (+) and Neutrons (0)
What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up
the MASS of the atom?
What are their charges?
What are the smallest particles in the space outside
of the nucleus and do not add to its mass?
What is its charge?
What is this number called? What does this number represent?
What is this number called? What does this number represent?
This is the element Boron and how it appears on the periodic table.
Represents the
# of Protons (+)
Represents the # Protons + # Neutrons
Also indicates# of electrons (-)
WHAT IS AN ION?
AN ION IS WHEN AN ATOM HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS
Sodium loses an electron
Becomes (+)
Chloride gains an electron
Becomes (-)
Na + CL → Na⁺CL⁻
OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an ionic bond?
“I”onic Bond: When electrons are lost or gained (NO SHARING) between atoms.
NaCl
Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take but do not share!
What is a covalent bond?
Hint:Co-captains share their
position
Atom Atom
Covalent bond: When two atoms are sharing an electron pair in a compound.
What are…..
Isotopes are different numbers of NEUTRONS!
Isotopes of Carbon
Define:•Molecule•Compound
•Molecule •Compound
Same Definition:2 or more elements
chemically combined
Chemical and Physical
What type of changes in matter would be considered
to be physical?
What type of changes in matter would be considered to be chemical?
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the
concentration of ___?___ in a solution.
What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
Know which numbers are acidic and basic
Strong Acid Weak AcidpH= 1,2,3 pH=4,5,6
Weak Base Strong BasepH= 8,9,10 pH=11, 12, 13, 14
NeutralpH = 7
What is a buffer?Don’t have a clue?
We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with that.
A weak acid or weak base that can react with strong acids or bases to make small pH changes and maintain pH balance
HOMEOSTASIS
Buffer
Define & Give and Example:
•Solute
•Solvent
•Solution
Solvent : What does the dissolvingEx: WATER (Best Solvent)
Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT
Solution: When a solute is dissolved into a solvent Ex: Salt + Water
What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?
SuspensionExamples:Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar
What is COHESION?
Same molecules sticking togetherWater + Water
COHESION?
What is Adhesion?
2 different molecules that stick together
Ex: Water and glass
What is ADHESION?
What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?
H(+)
O(-)
H(+)
What is polarity?
See a resemblance?
H(+)
O(-)
H(+)
Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons (H₂O)
causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other
See a resemblance?
MACROMOLECULES
???????????
????????? process of joining
monomers to make polymers
Polymerization process of joining
monomers to make polymers
What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers?
What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers? DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
•What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
•What is the function of each?
•They are all organic compounds because they contain what?
Carbohydrates – Energy & Structure
Lipids – Energy Storage, membranes, chemical messengers
Proteins –movement, pigments, enzymes, immune system, carrying oxygen
Nucleic Acids – Heredity, DNA, RNA, ATP
They all contain CARBON (organic molecules)
What are the basic building blocks
(monomer)of carbohydrates (sugars)?
Monosaccharides (sugars)linked together make Polysaccharides
What
elements make up all carbohydrates?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar) Starch
What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar) Starch (Sugar)
What is cellulose?Hint: We can’t digest it.
What is chitin?Hint: On outside of insect
What is cellulose?
What is chitin?
Carbohydrate of plant cell walls known to us as fiber. MOST ABUNDANT MACROMOLECULE!!!
Carbohydrate of insect exoskeletons
What is the building block (monomer) of lipids?
A Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain(s) is a lipid. Waxes, Oils, Fats
Cell membranes are made up of
phospholipids
What is the basic building block (monomer)
of proteins?
AMINO ACIDS
Know the 3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID
Amino Group R Group Acid Group
3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID
What are the 4 elements that are found in proteins?
Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?
PROTEINS
Nucleic AcidsWhat are the monomers of nucleic acids and name the 3 parts?
Nitrogen Base
5 Carbon Sugar
Phosphate group
NUCLEOTIDES
Nucleic Acids:What are 3 types of
nucleic acids?
What are 5 the elements in a nucleic acid?
Nucleic Acids:What are 3 types of nucleic acids?
DNA (genetic information)RNAATP
What are 5 the elements?C, H, O, N, P
What are Enzymes?
?
What are Enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help __________________________.
Name the 3 parts
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Reactant that
needs the help of
an enzyme is
called a substrate
Lock & Key
What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?
Temperature & pH
Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A + B → C
Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A + B → CReactants Products
What are the reactants?What are the products?
What are the reactants? 2H₂ and O₂What are the products? 2H₂O
What is Activation Energy?
What is the difference between Endergonic and Exergonic reactions?
Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)
Energy Released
Energy Absorbed
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, and or Sound
A
B
What is the difference between reaction A & B?
You need to find the answer in your notes.
A
B
An enzyme was added to reaction B to lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to take
place.
You have completed the Biology Chemistry Unit Review!
How did you do? Are you ready for the test, or need to study some more?
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