biomass for district heating 14 october 2016 · 10/8/2016  · pre-insulated pipe, buried circa...

Biomass for District Heating – 14th October 2016Paul WoodsHead of Energy Partnerships – East Londonpaul.woods@engie.com

ENGIE Urban Energy Largest DE Business in the UK

2

£2.5bn revenue stream over the

concessions

77,000 tonnes CO2 saved

per annum

270 GWh energy sales

per annum

London

Olympic Park & Stratford City

ExCeL Exhibition Centre

Bloomsbury Heat and Power

Southampton Geothermal

Eastleigh

South Coast

Leicester District Energy

Birmingham District Energy

Coventry District Energy

Midlands

The Committee on Climate Change verdict on the buildings sector (report to Parliament 2015)

Page 3

Energy transport options

Page 4

Building or

industrial Heat

Demand

Fuel Source:

gas, biomass

Boiler

CHP

Electricity Source:

gas, nuclear,

renewable

Direct

Heat Pump

Heat Sources: CHP,

biomass,heat pump,geothermal,

solar

District Heating Network

Solar

What is District Energy?

5

Piped heating or cooling services to buildings

Pre-insulated pipe, buried circa 1-1.5m below ground in the highway

Pipe can be plastic (PEX, PB) or steel with polyurethane or PE foam insulation and

an HDPE outer casing

Heat losses generally < 0.5°C per km, 10% - 15% annual heat losses

Reliability ~ 100% (e.g. 99.99% for Birmingham since scheme start)

Networks last for 30-50 years

Energy density is key, i.e. Size of heat load and distance from network

Why use district heating?

Wider range of low carbon, low cost heat sources e.g. heat from power stations, industry

Higher efficiencies for heat production plant than at building scale

Economies of scale at central heat production plant – capex and opex

Lower impact on the environment – e.g. heat from remote power stations

Bulk purchase of fuel

Diversity of demand improves load factor on central plant – longer operating hours

Flexible operation with multiple heat sources – contribution to managing the electricity

grid

More cost-effective heat storage

Space saving in buildings

BUT – all of the above benefits are needed to offset the costs of installing the

heat network!

Page 6

www.cibse.org/CP1

Policy support for heat networks/district heating

Local: Planning policies promote connections to heat

networks

National: Heat Networks Delivery Unit formed in DECC –

providing grants for feasibility studies, RHI supports some

technologies

EU: Energy Efficiency Directive requires national

assessment of the potential for heat networks and policies

to deliver heat networks where appropriate. Also promotes

use of heat meters in heat networks

What is the UK potential for Heat Networks?

UK heat demand for building is 540TWh: 410TWh domestic, 130TWh non-domestic

2% of market is supplied from heat networks

Page 8

Source HN Potential

(TWh)

% of heat

demand

BRE/PB Power,

2003

114 21%

Defra, 2007 (at

3.5% discount rate)

230 42%

Poyry/Faber

Maunsell 2009

76 14%

Delta-EE (housing

study only) 2012

139 34%

ETI, 2012 232 43%

What is required for a successful DH heat source?

Low cost – to finance cost of heat network

Low carbon – and lower than can be achieved at building scale

Low technical and commercial risk

Low impact on the environment

Flexibility and responsiveness

Compatible with temperatures needed for DH – typically 70C to 95C

Page 9

Available Heat Sources for DH

Primary

Gas-engine CHP

Biomass boiler

Extraction of heat from thermal power

plant (waste, biomass, gas CCGT)

Fuel cell CHP (renewable derived

hydrogen)

Heat pump (river, marine, minewater,

low grade industrial waste heat)

Deep geothermal

Supporting

Solar

Industrial waste heat

Electrode boiler

Gas boiler

Page 10

Decentralised Energy Generation – Combined Heat & Power

11

Electricity generated locally –

instead of at power stations -

avoiding transmission power losses

The “waste” heat is used for space

heating and hot water - instead of

being rejected to atmosphere at

power stations

Local, low-carbon energy

generation and consumption

Decentralised Energy Generation – Combined Heat & Power

12

Biomass – Woodchip Boiler Plant

13

Sustainably sourced woodchip

Renewable heat

Support from RHI

Space implications

Useful Energy as

Heat

Carbon

Cycle

CO2

Comparison of DH heat sources

Page 14

DH Source Cost (excl

incentives)

Carbon Risk Environment/

Sustainability

Flexibility

Gas-engine CHP?

Biomass boiler

Extraction from

power station

(incl biomass)

?

Fuel cell CHP,

hydrogen

Heat pump?

Deep

geothermal

Solar

Industrial waste

heat ?Electrode boiler

?

Comparison of heat sources

Page 15

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 100 200 300 400 500

CO

2 c

on

ten

t o

f h

eat

(g/

kWh

)

Electricity emission factor (g/kWh)

CO2 content of heat

Gas boiler 85%

CHP 37%/40%

Heat Pump - CoP =3

Electrode boiler

Power station extraction

2050Gas

CCGT

Biomass woodchip

Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park & Stratford City District Energy Scheme

Sustainability Credentials

17

Carbon Savings (Core Consumers):

~11,700 tonnes p.a.

~ 60% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to conventional gas boilers

Energy is provided at a similar price to conventional high carbon systems

Chillers use ammonia as refrigerant with zero global warming potential

Core Customers

18

Main Stadium Aquatic Centre

Westfield StratfordVelodrome

Athletes’ Village / East Village

Energy Centre(s)

Off Park Developments

19

Hackney Wick

• 4MW – 8MW Peak heat

demand

Chobham Farm

• 2MW – 4MW Peak heat

demand

Stratford Island

• 8MW – 14MW Peak heat

demand

Carpenters

Estate

• 9MW – 31MW Peak heat

demand

Genesis

Heating & Cooling Networks

20

16 km of pipe installed across

the site providing heat &

chilled water.

The Kings Yard Energy Centre

21

Kings Yard (Olympic Park)

3.1 MWe CHP

4.0 MW Absorption Chiller

3.5 MW biomass boiler

40 MW conventional boilers

14 MW VC Chillers

Kings Yard Energy Centre

22

Biomass BoilerChillers

Gas Fired CHP

Gas Boilers

Operating biomass and CHP – July 2016

23

Summary of biomass for DH

24

Advantages

Renewable, lowest carbon source available

Economic with RHI

Less sensitive to return temperatures

Reliable – ideal for baseload

Disadvantages

Space required for boiler and stores

Requirements

Consistent fuel supply, moisture content,

contamination and size all to be within limits

Sustainably sourced and minimise transport

energy

Price

Thank you for your attention

Paul Woods

Tel: 07870 704455paul.woods@engie.com

25