brain computer interface

BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE

PRESENTED BYIntekhab Alam khan

CONTENTS1) INTRODUCTION

2) BCI MODEL3) HOW DOES IT WORK?4) PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION5) WHAT IS AN EEG?6) BCI APPROACHES7) WHY BCI?8) APPLICATIONS9) ADVANTAGES10)DISADVANTAGES11)FUTURE WORK12)CONCLUSION13)REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

• Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer.

• A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body.

• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function, transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially generated electrical signals.

BCI MODEL

Model

Early Work

• Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s.

• The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys.

• After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.

HOW DOES IT WORK????

CONTD…

CONTD…

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

WHAT IS AN EEG??

o An Electro Encephalo Gram is a measure of the brain's voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes.

o It is an approximation of the cumulative electrical activity of neurons.

o EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain with multiple electrodes placed on the scalp

o It is portable and relatively inexpensive thats why most noninvasive BCIs are presently based on EEG.

BCI APPROACHES

INVASIVE

• Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery.

• As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices but are prone to scar- tissue build-up, causing the signal to become weaker or

even lost as the body reacts to a foreign object in the brain.

SEMI-INVASIVE• SEMI-INVASIVE BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain rather than amidst the grey matter. They produce better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs where the bone tissue of the cranium deflects and deforms signals and have a lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain than fully-invasive BCIs.

•Electrocardiography (ECoG) uses the same technology as non-invasive electroencephalography, but the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the Dura mater.

single neurons but require less contact with tissue and reduce the risk of scar-tissue build up.

NON-INVASIVE

BRAINWAVES PRODUCED BY EEG

• Non-invasive implants produce poor signal resolution because the skull dampens signals, dispersing and blurring the electromagnetic waves created by the neurons.

WHY BCI?????

o BCI is a new neuroscience paradigm that might help us better understand how the human brain works.

o BCI research allows us to develop a new class of bioengineering control devices and robots.

o BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance.

o BCI can expand possibilities for advanced human computer interfaces (HCIs).

APPLICATIONS1. MENTAL

TYPEWRITER2. BCI offers paralyzed

patients improved quality of life.

3. MILITARY and CIVIL RESEARCH.

4. Allow patients to control a computer by conscious changes of brain activity.

Cond…..

• Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, and movement restoration.

• Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities.

• Provide additional channel of control in computer games.

• Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots, send

out alert and warning for aircraft pilots.

• Develop intelligent relaxation devices.

Cont…..

• Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold).

• Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain therapeutic methods.

• Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as ,

monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating psychological state, etc.

• Monitor stages of sleep

Cont…..

• Bionics/Cybernetics

• Memory Upload/Download

• Dream Capture

• “Google Search” through brain

ADVANTAGES1. DIRECT

COMMUNICATION between human brain and computers.

2. Better LIVING, more FEATURES, more ADVANCEMENT in technologies etc.

3. New work area for scientists and researches around the world.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Virus attacks may occur to brain causing ill effects.

2. Requires extensive training.

3. BCI techniques are costly.

4. Slow speed.

CONCLUSION• A potential therapeutic tool.

• BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in

areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.

• Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due to stroke.

• Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.

• Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.

Thanks For Your Precious

Time….PRESENTED BYDeshraj Singh