building kb’s by assembling components bruce porter (ut austin) peter clark (boeing)

Building KB’s by Assembling Components

Bruce Porter (UT Austin)Peter Clark (Boeing)

The Problem

• Representations are complex to build from scratch

– SMEs not able to encode knowledge directly

• But:

– representations contain repeated abstractions• production occurs in photosynthesis, mitosis, growth

• germination includes conversion, production, expansion

Building Representations from Reusable Components

• KBs can be constructed easily by connecting pre-built, intermediate-level representations (components)

• Knowledge engineers build a component library containing high-level and mid-level core concepts.

• SME’s build knowledge bases by instantiating and assembling the components.

Hypothesis:

Approach:

Example: Representation of Virus Attack

Arrive

Cell

Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit

Virus Attack

Attach

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

Virus DNA

agent

agent

agent

location

agent

patient

patientpatient

patient

parts

contains

contains

contains

contains

then then then then then

subevents

parts

patient

• Are there identifiable components in here?• How can we encode them?• How can an SME use them to build representations

such as this one?

subevents

Arrive

Cell

Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit

Virus Attack

Attach

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

Virus DNA

agent

agent

agent

location

agent

patient

patientpatient

patient

parts

contains

contains

contains

contains

then then then then then

subevents

parts

Arrive

Object

Break Enter

InvadeBarrier Agent

agent

attackerdefender

then then

defense

location agent

patientagent

agent

patient

One component...

Arrive

Cell

Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit

Virus Attack

Attach

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

Virus DNA

agent

agent

agent

location

agent

patient

patientpatient

patient

parts

contains

contains

contains

contains

then then then then then

subevents

parts

patient

Agent Object

Release

Deliver

Convey

Agentrecipient

patientagent

then

Move

Container contains

Move….

instrument

subevents

Another component...

Arrive

Cell

Penetrate Enter Uncoat Exit

Virus Attack

Attach

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

DNA

agent

agent

agent

location

agent

patient

patientpatient

patient

parts

contains

contains

contains

contains

then then then then then

subevents

parts

patient

Open Exit

Container Object

Releaseagent

then

subevents

patient

patient

contains

Virus

Another component...

Encoding Components

• Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing• Convey = Move of a Container and its contents

(every Convey has (patient ((a Container))) the Defining property (causes ((forall (the contains of (the patient of Self)) (a Move with (patient ((It))) (source ((the source of Self))) (destination ((the destination of Self))) (concurrent-with ((Self))) )))))

Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing Convey = Move of a Container and its contents Release = Undo of a Hold Deliver = Convey then Release

(every Deliver has (agent ((a Container))) (patient ((a TangibleThing))) (subevents ((a Convey with (agent ((the agent of Self))) (patient ((the patient of Self))) (nextEvent ((the Release subevents of Self)))) (a Release with (agent ((the agent of Self))) (patient ((the patient of Self)))))))

Encoding Components

Move = event that changes the location of a TangibleThing Convey = Move of a Container and its contents Release = Undo of a Hold Deliver = Convey then Release Container = Barrier that separates two Space’s, inside and outside

Enter = Move into a Container through a Portal

(Enter has (superclasses (Move))(every Enter has (beneficiary ((a Container))) (source ((the outside of (the beneficiary of Self))) (destination ((the inside of (the beneficiary of Self))) (through ((oneof (the portal of (the beneficiary of Self))))))

Encoding Components

SME Using Components:1. Specializing a single component

• Vascular Tissue = {as a type of conduit}the conduit in transportation of water from

the root system to the shoot system of a plant

• Endocytosis = {as a type of take in}the process by which a cell takes in

particles from outside the cell.

Photosynthesis = production of glucose from CO2 and water

+conversion of energy from sunlight to

chemical bonds

SME Using Components:2. Combining several components

• Now we’re going to show how the SME might build the earlier Virus Attack concept using components

• This is kind-of a reverse of the abstraction process illustrated earlier

• This is *not* the user interface, it just illustrates the operations.

SME Using Components: Example[This slide to be heard, not seen]

The knowledge which the SME wants to encode:

SME Using Components: Example

“During a virus attack, a virus invades a cell.”“The virus delivers its DNA into the cell.”

1. Name the new concept

Virus Attack

SME Using Components: Example

2. Locate “Invade”, “Cell”, and “Virus” in the library

Arrive

Object

Break Enter

InvadeBarrier Agent

agent

attackerdefender

then then

subevents

defense

location agent

patientagent

agent

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

partsVirus DNA

containsVirus Attack

SME Using Components: Example

Arrive

Object

Break Enter

InvadeBarrier Agent

agent

attackerdefender

then then

subevents

defense

location agent

patientagent

agent

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

partsVirus DNA

contains

3. Relate Cell and Virus to their roles in Invade

Virus Attack

SME Using Components: Example

4. System combines the components

Arrive Break Enter

Virus Attack

agent

attackerdefender

then then

subeventslocation agent

patientagent

agent

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

DNAcontains

Virus

Arrive Break Enter

Virus Attack

agent

attackerdefender

then then

subeventslocation agent

patientagent

agent

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

5. SME locates another component, “Deliver”, in the library

DNAcontains

Virus

Agent Object

Release

Deliver

Convey

Agent recipient patientagent

subevents

then

Move

Container contains

Move….

instrument

patient

Arrive Break Enter

agent

attackerdefender

then then

subeventslocation

patientagent

agent

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

DNAcontains

Virus

Agent Object

Release

Deliver

Convey

Agent recipient patientagent

subevents

then

Move

Container

Move….

instrument

6. SME relates roles in Deliver to objects in Virus Attack

patient

Virus Attack

then

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

DNAcontains

Virus

Release

Arrive Break Enter

attackerdefender

then then

subevents

locationpatient

agent

Conveysubevents patient

Virus Attack

7. System combines the components

then

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

DNAcontains

Virus

Release

8. SME locates component for Release

Arrive Break Enter

attackerdefender

then then

subevents

locationpatient

agent

Conveysubevents patient

Open Exit

Container Object

Releaseagent

then

subevents

patient

patient

contains

Virus Attack

then

Cell

MembraneCytoplasm

Lysosome

Acid

parts

contains

contains

contains

parts

DNAcontains

Virus

Release

Arrive Break Enter

attackerdefender

then then

subevents

locationpatient

agent

Conveysubevents patient

Open Exit

agent

then

subeventspatient

Virus Attack

9. System combines the components

Summary

• KBs can be constructed easily by connecting pre-built, intermediate-level representations (components)

• Knowledge engineers will build a component library containing high-level and mid-level core concepts.

• SME’s will build knowledge bases by instantiating and assembling the components.