building resilient practitioners
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Building resilient practitioners:
constructing research out of practice
Dr Carole Adamson
University of Auckland
30.11.12
c.adamson@auckland.ac.nz
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Outline of webinar
Resilience in social work
Theoretical perspectives on resilience
Why research resilience?
Designing research on resilience
Implementing the research Findings and future activity
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i. Employer perspectives
ii. Workplace, employee and wellbeingperspectives
iii. Best practice Competency, service user
and quality perspectives
Resilience in social work
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i. Employer perspectives
[Social work graduates need to demonstrate] independent
critical judgement, alongside the facility to work in much
more innovative ways, for example through a fully
developed capacity to take responsibility for the use of
reflection and critical analysis and through the ability towork creatively and effectively in a context of risk,
uncertainty, conflict and contradiction.
GSCC, 2005:1920
The employing environment (state, society and the
employer) requires social workers to be robust and
emotionally sophisticated
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ii. Workplace, employee
and wellbeing perspectives
Emotional resilience has clear implications forindividuals adaptive capacities under conditions of
environmental stress, conflict oruncertainty
(Klohen 1996:1068, in Collins, 2007:256)
Organisational implications:
recruitment, retention, sustainability of
standards/knowledge transfer
Occupational health implications:Morale, stress levels, burnout, workplace relationships(Occupational Safety & Health Service, 2003)
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iii. Best practice
Competency, service user and quality perspectives:
focus on quality of service delivery and the consumer
experience professional standards (e.g. ANZASW Code of Ethics; SWRBCode of Conduct and competency & registrationrequirements)
Link between resilience and competence is of course notlineal: lack of resilience may inhibit, erode or compromisecompetence, but resilience does not create competence
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Theoretical perspectives on resilience
Historical development
Individually focused,
psychologically based
Ecological
Narrative/Strengths
Community
development
theoretical emphasis has
shifted from resilience assolely individual traits to
notions of adaptation despite
multiple and cumulative risks
and to understanding
protective factors for bufferingor mediating effects of
adversity.
Bottrell (2009:323)
Resiliency theories strongly resonate with best practice in current
social work, e.g. Strengths-based practice and a recovery focus;Tangata Whenua knowledge and practice, etc.
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Theoretical perspectives on resilience (2)
Personal, relational and environmental elements: Resilience is not just an individual trait but an
adaptation and response to complexity (Luthar & Cicchetti,2000; Ungar, 2004 & 2008).
Environmental supports for resilience - commitment toexamining underlying processes that affect
vulnerability and protective factors (Bottrell, 2009).
Emphasis on strengths as well as deficits shift from
pathogenic to salutogenic stance (Luthar & Cicchetti, 2000). Resilience not a static concept coping with adversity
means dynamic planning for the unpredictable in social
work.
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Why research resilience?
Significant research on service user resilience
not yet matched by focus on ourselves
Potential to strengthen arguments forsupervision and other professional supports
Opportunity to assist ongoing curriculum
design for developing robust social workgraduates, around use of self, reflection and
mindfulness (etc)
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Designing research on resilience
Importance of qualitative research:
Peoples own experience and narratives
Unpacking the personal, professional, relational
and contextual complexities of resilience Hearing the voice of practitioners in health rather
than other often dominant fields in workforce
research
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Implementing the research
Literature review
Research design and ethical approval
Searching for participants through natural networks
Mental health, physical health and social workstudent supervisors
Semi-structured interviews (27)
Self-defining of the concept of resilience
Transcription and thematic data analysis
Pulling it together as journal articles
Using research findings
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Findings and future activity
Literature review and research findings bothsuggest a three part framework of self, contextand mediating factors
Linking feature is awareness and ability to reflect
Clinical/practice focus of professionals thinkingabout the other
Importance of supervision as a space to reflectand process
Resilience as a fluid & dynamic, contextually-dependent process - not a trait, maybe anoutcome?
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Professional identity
Coping behaviours& relational skills
Supervision & peer
support
Attributes
Personal
history &
sensitisation
Moral &
ethical code
Organisational
structures
Political &
legal
frameworks
Mediating factors
Work-life balance
Developmental learning
Knowledge, education &
theory
Self Practice Context
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Supervision, reflection
& resiliency theories
Effective supervision [] can delay or mitigate the
effects of detrimental factors and can contribute to
positive outcomes for workers in social service
organizations.Mor Barak et al(2009:25)
Supervision as a mediating factor
Supervision as a site for facilitating reflection forindividual development within a relational space
e.g. managing emotions and uncertainty, kindling
hope Beddoe 2010
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What holds me firm [is] client-centredness andtransparency of practice ... buttressed by thestrong connection that I have with social workvalues and my legitimacy in terms of the socialstructures around me. So in my job description,the organisation I work for, the legislation that
has certain expectations of me, [these] orientme in terms of not only my professional identitybut my personal one as well and its that strongsense of ethic ... [that allows me] to go home
and feel like despite a lot of the messages Ivereceived on that day, that on a cognitive level Ican say well,Ive done a goodjob.
Chris, Mental Health
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References
Adamson, C., Beddoe, L., & Davys, A. (2012). Building Resilient Practitioners: Definitions andPractitioner Understandings. British Journal of Social Work. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcs142
Beddoe, L. (2010). Surveillance or Reflection: Professional Supervision in the Risk Society. BritishJournal of Social Work. doi: doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq018
Beddoe, L., Davys, A., & Adamson, C. (2011). Educating Resilient Practitioners. Social WorkEducation, 1-18. doi: 10.1080/02615479.2011.644532
Bottrell, D. (2009). Understanding Marginal Perspectives: Towards a Social Theory of Resilience.Qualitative Social Work, 8(3), 321-339. doi: 10.1177/1473325009337840
Collins, S. (2007). Social workers, resilience, positive emotions and optimism. Practice, 19(4), 255 -269. doi: 10.1080/09503150701728186
General Social Care Council (2005). Post-Qualifying Framework for Social Work Education andTraining. London: GSCC
Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions andsocial policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(04), 857-885.doi:10.1017/S0954579400004156
Mor Barak, M., Travis, D.J., Pyun, H. & Xie, B. (2009). The Impact of Supervision on WorkerOutcomes: A Meta-analysis. Social Service Review, 83(1), 3-32. doi: 10.1086/599028
Ungar, M. (2004). A Constructionist Discourse on Resilience: Multiple Contexts, Multiple Realitiesamong At-Risk Children and Youth. Youth Society, 35, 341-365
Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across Cultures. British Journal of Social Work, 38(2), 218-235. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcl343
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