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A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:
PoliticsPolitics
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 2
““Power relationsPower relations wherever they existwherever they exist.”.”
What is Politics?What is Politics?
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 3
MicropoliticsMicropolitics
Exercise of Power in Everyday LifeExercise of Power in Everyday Life
MacropoliticsMacropolitics
Exercise of Power Over a Large GroupExercise of Power Over a Large Group
Micro and Macro PoliticsMicro and Macro Politics
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 4
Authority is Legitimate PowerAuthority is Legitimate Power Illegitimate Power is CoercionIllegitimate Power is Coercion
Authority and Legitimate ViolenceAuthority and Legitimate Violence Governments Have Exclusive Rights to ViolenceGovernments Have Exclusive Rights to Violence
The Collapse of AuthorityThe Collapse of Authority RevolutionRevolution
Power, Authority, and Violence
Power, Authority, and Violence
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 5
Traditional AuthorityTraditional Authority Authority Based on TraditionAuthority Based on Tradition
Rational-Legal AuthorityRational-Legal Authority Authority Based on Written RulesAuthority Based on Written Rules
Charismatic AuthorityCharismatic Authority Authority Freely and Graciously GivenAuthority Freely and Graciously Given
Threat Posed by Charismatic LeadersThreat Posed by Charismatic Leaders
Power, Authority, and Violence
Power, Authority, and Violence
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 6
Authority as an Ideal TypeAuthority as an Ideal Type
Traditional, Rational-Legal, CharismaticTraditional, Rational-Legal, Charismatic
Not Ideal or Desirable NecessarilyNot Ideal or Desirable Necessarily
Transfer of AuthorityTransfer of Authority
Orderly from One Leader to AnotherOrderly from One Leader to Another
Power, Authority, and Violence
Power, Authority, and Violence
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 7
MonarchiesMonarchies
DemocraciesDemocracies DirectDirect
RepresentativeRepresentative
Universal CitizenshipUniversal Citizenship
Dictatorships and OligarchiesDictatorships and Oligarchies TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
Types of GovernmentsTypes of Governments
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 8
Political Parties and ElectionsPolitical Parties and Elections
Democrats, Republicans, Democrats, Republicans,
and Third Partiesand Third Parties
Primaries and ElectionsPrimaries and Elections
Centrism and ExtremesCentrism and Extremes
U.S. Political SystemU.S. Political System
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 9
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 10
Elections are Not Winner-Take-AllElections are Not Winner-Take-All
Based on System of Proportional Based on System of Proportional
RepresentationRepresentation
Encourages Non-Centrist PartiesEncourages Non-Centrist Parties
Coalition GovernmentsCoalition Governments
Democratic Systems in Europe
Democratic Systems in Europe
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 11
Non-Hispanic Whites Most Likely to VoteNon-Hispanic Whites Most Likely to Vote
African-Americans Next Most LikelyAfrican-Americans Next Most Likely
Latinos Least Likely to VoteLatinos Least Likely to Vote
Voting PatternsVoting Patterns
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 12
Social IntegrationSocial Integration
Alienation and ApathyAlienation and Apathy
Gender and Racial-Ethnic Gap in VotingGender and Racial-Ethnic Gap in Voting
Voting PatternsVoting Patterns
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 13
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 14
Special Interest Groups are People Who Special Interest Groups are People Who
Think Alike on a Particular Issue and Think Alike on a Particular Issue and
Mobilize for Political ActionMobilize for Political Action
Lobbyists are People Paid to Influence Lobbyists are People Paid to Influence
LegislationLegislation
Lobbyists and Special Interests
Lobbyists and Special Interests
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 15
Elections are ExpensiveElections are Expensive
Senate Campaign about $5,000,000Senate Campaign about $5,000,000
House Campaign about $1,000,000House Campaign about $1,000,000
PACs Contribute and are OwedPACs Contribute and are Owed
Criticisms of Lobbyists and PACsCriticisms of Lobbyists and PACs
PACs in U.S. ElectionsPACs in U.S. Elections
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 16
Functionalist Perspective: PluralismFunctionalist Perspective: Pluralism
Diffusion of Power Among ManyDiffusion of Power Among Many
Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances
Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 17
Conflict Perspective: The Power EliteConflict Perspective: The Power Elite
Top Business, Political, and Military Top Business, Political, and Military
LeadersLeaders
Ruling ClassRuling Class
Not a Secret Group, Just Similar Not a Secret Group, Just Similar
Backgrounds and OrientationsBackgrounds and Orientations
Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 18
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 19
Is War Universal?Is War Universal?
Human Aggression and Killing, YesHuman Aggression and Killing, Yes
War, NoWar, No
How Common is War?How Common is War?
Humans Long for Peace but Glorify WarHumans Long for Peace but Glorify War
War is Very Common and FrequentWar is Very Common and Frequent
War and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 20
Why do Nations go to War?Why do Nations go to War?
RevengeRevenge
PowerPower
PrestigePrestige
UnityUnity
War and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
PositionsPositions
EthnicityEthnicity
BeliefsBeliefs
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 21
Cost of WarCost of War
Toll in LivesToll in Lives
Toll in DollarsToll in Dollars
War and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 22
Increased Emotional DistanceIncreased Emotional Distance
Emphasis on Following OrdersEmphasis on Following Orders
Inability to Resist PressuresInability to Resist Pressures
Diminished Sense of ResponsibilityDiminished Sense of Responsibility
DehumanizationDehumanization
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 23
Blaming the VictimBlaming the Victim
Struggle Between Good and EvilStruggle Between Good and Evil
Success and Failure of Success and Failure of
DehumanizationDehumanization
DehumanizationDehumanization
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 24
TerrorismTerrorism
““The use of violence to create fear in The use of violence to create fear in
an effort to bring about political an effort to bring about political
objectives.”objectives.”
Suicide TerrorismSuicide Terrorism
War and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 25
Selling War TechnologySelling War Technology
Making AlignmentsMaking Alignments
Protecting InterestsProtecting Interests
Child SoldiersChild Soldiers
Sowing the SeedsSowing the Seeds
Chapter 15: PoliticsCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 26
Major TrendsMajor Trends
Obstacles to UnityObstacles to Unity
Domination by the EliteDomination by the Elite
New World Order?New World Order?
A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:
PoliticsPolitics
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