ccna exp2 - chapter07 - ripv2
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Module 7- RIPv2
CCNA Exploration 4.0
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Overview
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
Because the subnet mask is not included in the update, RIPv1 and otherclassful routing protocols must summarize networks at major networkboundaries.
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Configuring RIPv2
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Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
The Next Hop address is used to identify a better next-hop address - if oneexists - than the address of the sending router.
If the field is set to all zeros (0.0.0.0), the address of the sending router is thebest next-hop address.
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
By default, RIPv2 automatically summarizes networks at major networkboundaries, just like RIPv1.
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
Remember, the 192.168.0.0/16 route could not be distributed with RIPv1because the subnet mask was less than the classful mask.
Because the mask is not included in RIPv1 updates, there was no way for theRIPv1 router to determine what that mask should be. Therefore, the update
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Disabling Auto-summay in RIPv2
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Verifying RIPv2 Updates
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Verifying RIPv2 Updates
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Compatibility with RIP v1
NewYork
interface fastethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.50.129 255.255.255.192
ip rip send version 1
ip rip receive version 1
interface fastethernet0/1
ip address 172.25.150.193 255.255.255.240
ip rip send version 1 2
interface fastethernet0/2
ip address 172.25.150.225 225.255.255.240
router rip
version 2
network 172.25.0.0
network 192.168.50.0
Interface FastEthernet0/0 isconfigured to send and receiveRIP v1 updates.
FastEthernet0/1 is configuredto send both version 1 and 2updates.
FastEthernet0/2 has no specialconfiguration and thereforesends and receives version 2by default.
RIPv2
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Propagating a default Routes in RIPv2
e0
ISP
SantaCruz2SantaCruz1
192.168.4.20/30
172.30.1.0/24
Internet
s0
s0 s0
s1
172.30.100.0/24
e0
192.168.4.24/30
.21
.22
.25
.26
10.0.0.0/8
e0.1
.1.1
Lo0Lo0
172.30.110.0/24172.30.2.0/24
.1.1
.1
static route to
207.0.0.0/8
207.0.0.0/16
207.1.0.0/16
207.2.0.0/16
207.3.0.0/16
etc.
172.30.200.16/28
172.30.200.32/28
Lo1
Lo2
ISP
router rip
redistribute staticnetwork 10.0.0.0
network 192.168.4.0
version 2
no auto-summary
default-information originate
ip route 207.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 null0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2etherenet0
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Two steps to propagate default route into RIPv2:
Create default route in propagator. Implement default-information originate in router mode.
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VLSM and CIDR
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RIPv2 and VLSM
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RIPv2 and CIDR
One of the goals of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) as stated
by RFC 1519 is "to provide a mechanism for the aggregation of routing
information." This goal includes the concept of supernetting.
A supernet is a block of contiguous classful networks that is addressed
as a single network.
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Authentication
Whatever the reason, it is good practice to authenticate routing information transmittedbetween routers.
RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP can be configured to authenticate routinginformation.
This practice ensures routers will only accept routing information from other routers thathave been configured with the same password or authentication information.
Note: Authentication does not encrypt the routing table.
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Configuring authentication
Router(config)#key chain RomeoRouter(config-keychain)#key 1
Router(config-keychain-key)#key-string Juliet
The password must be the same on both routers (Juliet), but the name of the key(Romeo) can be different.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain Romeo
Router(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5
If the command ip rip authentication mode md5 is not added, the interface will use thedefault clear text authentication. Although clear text authentication may be necessary tocommunicate with some RIP v2 implementations, for security concerns use the moresecure MD5 authentication whenever possible.
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RIPv2 redistribution
Planning Redistribution
Locate the boundary router between two routing processes. Determine which routing process is the core or backbone
process
Determine which routing process is the edge or migrationprocess
Select a method for injecting the required edge protocol routesinto the core.
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Configuring Redistribution into RIP
Use this command to redistribute routes into RIP: Router(config-router)# redistribute protocol[process-id]
[match route-type] [metric metric-value] [route-map map-tag]
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RtrA(config)# router rip
RtrA(config-router)# redistribute ospf ?
Process ID
RtrA(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1 ?
match Redistribution of OSPF routes
metric Metric for redistributed routes
route-map Route map reference
Default metric is infinity.
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The redistribute command parameters for RIP
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Parameter Description
protocol Source protocol from which routes are being redistributed.
process-idThis value is an AS number. For OSPF, this value is an OSPFprocess ID.
match route-type(Optional) Command parameter used for redistributing OSPFroutes into another routing protocol. For OSPF, the criterion bywhich OSPF routes are redistributed into other routingdomains.
metric metric-value
(Optional) Parameter used to specify the RIP seed metric forthe redistributed route. When you are redistributing into RIP,this value is not specified and no value is specified using thedefault-metric router configuration command, then the defaultmetric is 0, which is interpreted as infinity, and routes will notbe redistributed. The metric for RIP is the hop count.
route-map map-tag(Optional) Identifier of a configured route map to beinterrogated to filter the importation of routes from this sourcerouting protocol to the current routing protocol.
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Verifying and Troubleshooting RIPv2
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
There are several ways to verify and troubleshoot RIPv2. Many of the same commandsused for RIPv2 can be used to verify and troubleshoot other routing protocols.
It is always best to begin with the basics: 1. Make sure all of the links (interfaces) are up and operational.
2. Check the cabling.
3. Check to make sure you have the correct IP address and subnet mask on eachinterface.
4. Remove any unnecessary configuration commands that are no longer necessaryor have been replaced by other commands.
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router#show ip route
172.30.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masksC 172.30.200.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback2C 172.30.200.16/28 is directly connected, Loopback1
R 172.30.2.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0R 172.30.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0C 172.30.100.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0C 172.30.110.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
192.168.4.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnetsR 192.168.4.24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0C 192.168.4.20 is directly connected, Serial0
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0R 207.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
Supernet, classless routing protcols will route supernets (CIDR)
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
Router#01:23:34: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.22 on Serial1
01:23:34: 172.30.100.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
01:23:34: 172.30.110.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
Router#
01:23:38: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.26 on Serial0
01:23:38: 172.30.2.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
01:23:38: 172.30.1.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
Router#
01:24:31: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet0 (10.0.0.1)
01:24:31: 172.30.2.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.1.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.100.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.110.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 192.168.4.24/30 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
01:24:31: 192.168.4.20/30 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
multicast
Includes mask
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router# show ip rip database
172.19.0.0/16 auto-summary172.19.64.0/24 directly connected, Ethernet0
172.19.65.0/24
[1] via 172.19.70.36, 00:00:17, Serial1
[2] via 172.19.67.38, 00:00:25, Serial0
172.19.67.0/24 directly connected, Serial0
172.19.67.38/32 directly connected, Serial0
172.19.70.0/24 directly connected, Serial1
172.19.86.0/24[1] via 172.19.67.38, 00:00:25, Serial0
[1] via 172.19.70.36, 00:00:17, Serial1
The show ip rip database command to check summary address entries in theRIP database. These entries will appear in the database if there are only relevant child or
specific routes being summarized.
When the last child route for a summary address becomes invalid, thesummary address is also removed from the routing table.
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Common RIPv2 issues
The network statement does two things: It enables the routing protocol to send and receive updates on any local
interfaces that belong to that network.
It includes that network in its routing updates to its neighboring routers.
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Summary
RIPv2 is a classless, distance vector routing protocol, that is defined in
RFC 1723. Because RIPv2 is a classless routing protocol, it includes the subnet
mask with the network addresses in the routing updates.
As with other classless routing protocols, RIPv2 supports CIDRsupernets, VLSM and discontiguous networks.
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