ch · web view480 bc, darius’ son xerxes leads a small group of spartans, led by their king...
Post on 08-Mar-2021
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Classical Greece
_________________________ of Greece Greece is mountainous Greek communities developed independently
because of the mountains, thus they were diverse As a result, they had their own government, laws,
and customs. Access to the Mediterranean allowed for trade
with neighbors
________________________ Civilization (1750-1400 BC?)
On the Mediterranean island of Crete Great traders, traded with Egyptians,
Mesopotamians Capital at a fantastic palace at Knossos Destroyed by a combination earthquake/tsunami
c. 1400 BC
The ______________________________ (1400-1200 BC) Replaced the Minoans as great traders Lived in city-states on the Greek mainland Fought the ___________________________ War between Greece and Troy (1250 BC)
- Mythological cause = Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Greek queen Helen- Real cause = Trojans and Mycenaeans were trading rivals- Troy lost after a long war and the city was destroyed
____________________ Blind poet who lived around 750 BC Composed the Iliad, a story of the Trojan War Composed the _______________, a story of the hero Odysseus trying to get home from the Trojan
War
Classical Greece Many small ______________________ separated from one another by mountains and the sea ______________________________, or rule by kings (750-500 BC), gave way to ↓ ______________________________, or rule by land owning elite, but as the middle class (artisans,
merchants) grew in numbers, this gave way to ↓ ______________________________, or rule by a small, powerful
elite from the business class ______________________________, Direct Democracy: every
citizen voted on every law- Representative Democracy: citizens vote for representatives
who then make the laws
The two most powerful city-states: Sparta and Athens____________________
- Had very rigid laws, designed to keep their slaves in line- Slaves outnumbered Spartans- Militaristic society
o Sickly babies abandoned to die
o Boys began training for military at age _____o Males lived in military barracks until 30o Even girls had to exercise rigorously, to be able to bear and raise
____________________- Disliked their neighbors, had no use for the arts
____________________- Great wealth from trading- Began to move toward a democratic government under the leadership of Solon in 594
BC- Process continued under Cleisthenes in 507 BC, who created the Council of 500, the
world’s first legislature- Still, only _________________________ could participate in government, and much of
Athens power came from a base of slavery- Boys, if the family could afford it, went to school and were encouraged to learn and
think
Polytheistic religion; Zeus, Apollo, Athena, Ares, Poseidon, and Aphrodite were central gods Greeks considered themselves superior to all non-Greeks; all non-Greeks were called “barbaroi” or
barbarians. (Xenophobia)
The ____________________ Wars 499 BC – Athens tries to help Greek city-states in
_______________ rebel against Persian rule Persians crush rebellion, decide to attack Athens
for helping King Darius I of Persia landed an army at
Marathon in 490 BC to invade Athens Themistocles of Athens, though greatly
outnumbered, leads the Athenian army to victory at Marathon
480 BC, Darius’ son Xerxes leads ____________________
A small group of Spartans, led by their king Leonidas, hold off the Persian army at Thermopylae, allowing the Athenians time to retreat
After finally defeating the Spartans, Xerxes captures and burns an abandoned Athens Athenian navy ambushes and destroys Persian navy at Salamis, ending the Persian threat
The Golden Age of ____________________ Leader of Athens from 460-429 BC - Made Athens a direct democracy where every citizen had a say in government Rebuilt Athens into a beautiful, rich, and powerful city 431 BC Sparta and its allies went to war with Athens and its allies in the
_________________________ War
- War lasted 27 years (3 stages)- Spartans eventually won in 404 BC, ending Athens golden age
_________________________ the Great Philip, King of _________________________, a small land to the north of Greece, conquered Greece
between 359-338 BC. When he was assassinated, his 20-year-old son ____________________ became King over all of Greece
Alexander attacked and conquered _______________ and marched as far as India before dying suddenly at age _______
His new empire was quickly _______________ among his generals His wars introduced Greek culture to far away lands and vice-versa; this new mixed east-west
culture was called Hellenism
_________________________ Culture Great city of Alexandria was built in
Egypt- Great Library of Alexandria- The Pharos, or lighthouse, one of
the 7 Wonders Advances in math under Pythagoras Advances in astronomy under
Aristarchus and Eratosthenes Advances in invention: Archimedes
perfected the lever and pulley Advances in medicine under
Hippocrates The word “Hellenistic” comes from the
word Hellazein, which means “to speak Greek or identify with the Greeks”
top related