change in the arts - davis school district · change in the arts how the image of man is seen in...

CHANGE IN THE ARTSHow the image of Man

is seen in art throughout the ages

SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity

Cave paintings in Chauvet France, made 33,000 years ago

SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity

Upper Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Circa 20,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

The Great Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux France

SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity

Prehistoric Cave Art The Stone Age man

invented representation which was the foundation of art., Art for them was utilitarian, serving magical or religious purposes.

Lascaux France

SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity

Survival Hunger

Lascaux France

SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity

The image of man is small, rarely seen, unimportant.

Animals are larger, more important.

ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic

Stonehenge England

ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic

Neolithic age (New Stone Age)

Circa 10,000 BCE– 4,000 BCE

Sun Pyramid Teotihuacán

Temple of the Jaguar

ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic

The Ancient worlds The beginnings of

civilization currently is dated as 8,000BCE and located in what is now called the Near East. Many countries rose and fell during this time. There are distinctly separate styles plus the lingering styles of past cultures with which they came into contact. It is complex and little understood art period.

Idol Usvyaty Russia Pskov Region, 2nd

millenium BC, Elk horn H 9.3 cm

ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic

Forces of nature Life Death Famine Disease War Fertility Bounty Harvest

Stonehenge England

Ubirr Rock, Arnhem Land, Australia.

Ancestral spirit figure, from Arnhem Land, Australia. circa 7-9,000 bc

Art was used to control:

ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic

The image of man is used to control life, death, elements, fertility etc.

Ceremonial figures, idols, masks, totems, charms.

The human figure is a simplified form.

Venus of Willendorfc. 24,000-22,000 BCE 43/8 inches (11.1 cm) high

Terracotta "goddess" figure from the Jordan Valley, c.6000 bce.

ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality

Pyramids Giza Egypt

ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality

Bronze Age Circa 3,500 BCE – 1,100 AD

ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality

Egyptian Art Egyptian art was

unique in that for 2,500 years it stayed the same. That sameness as dictated by their geographical isolation and their religious philosophy concerning the passage of life through death to immortality.

ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality

Discovery of seeds Domestication and

herding of animals Knowledge of

seasons Development of a

calendar Working with metal

tools Nature gods Organized religious

practices Belief in an afterlife

ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality

The human form is stable, developed, semi naturalistic, formal static, closed contours (outlined), symmetrical.

Made of durable stone and metals.

Placed in temples, shrines, sanctuaries.

2-dimentional Decoration of symbols

that reveal bounty of plants, crops, fertility, power and capacity in war.

King Tutankhamen

IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection

The Nike

IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection

Age of Idealism, Greek and Roman Civilizations

circa 900 BCE – 450 AD

The goddess Aphrodite stands before a man weighing a pair of Erotes (winged love-gods) on the scales of fate (a so-called erostasia). One of these is Eros (Love proferred) and the other Anteros (Love returned).

IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection

Greek art Greek art, like Greek people, was the product of the

intermingling of several cultures which evolved and developed. Two constants in their art were their philosophy of humanism and their love of nature.

Roman art

Metropolitan Museum of Art

IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection

Humanism, the individual becomes important in society.

Democratic society and government. Trade, Greece as a maritime power-

contact with other cultures. Love of nature Man’s coexistence with the gods. Religion changes from the worship of

gods to the worship of attributes and virtues.

Zeus bust and The Temple of Zeus

IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection

Living Realistic Mathematical

proportions Human form is

personalized God-like ideals Graceful, elegant,

serenity Dignity Heroic attributes,

athletic 3-dimentional Dynamic Balanced

Hades sits enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped staff and plate. Beside him stands Persephone, leaning on a four-tipped Eleusinian staff and holding a wreath.

MORAL MANThe figure of Piety

MORAL MANThe figure of Piety

The Middle Ages in Europe

Circa 500 AD –1400 AD

MORAL MANThe figure of Piety

Early Medieval Art Romanesque Art Gothic Art

MORAL MANThe figure of Piety

Fall of the Roman Empire left Europe in a state of anarchy and decay.

Medieval culture, rise of feudalism.

The majority of people are uneducated.

Christianity. Good vs. Evil, heaven

and hell. Final Judgment. Life after death.

MORAL MANThe figure of Piety

All art is commissioned and supervised by the Catholic church.

Man as a reflection of God.

Man in spiritual and emotional torment or religious ecstasy.

Found in cathedral niches, portals, altars, stained glass and manuscripts.

UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion

Leonardo da Vinci, Vitruvian man

UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion

Age of Humanism, Renaissance Era

circa 1,400 AD – 1,800 AD

Michelangelo Buonnaroti Pieta

UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passsion

Italian Renaissance Art (Florence and Rome)

Mannerism and Venetian Renaissance

Renaissance in Northern Europe

UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion

Christian scholastic learning. Greek and Roman culture. Idealism, Rationalism, Individualism. Growth of Science, invention exploration, Naturalism. Awareness of nature as the work of God, man’s place in

nature.

Michelangelo Buonnorati Sistine ceiling

Michelangelo The Last Judgement

Leonardo da Vinci sketches

UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Personality

The human form is perfected to Greek and Roman ideals

Correct anatomical form 3-dimentional Symmetry, balance Form symbolized life as it

might be, with emotive power, writhing energy, solidity, endurance beyond ordinary human experience, hope and passion.

A Renaissance man is someone who is well versed in all forms of learning, science, literature, arts, mathematics etc.

Michelangelo David (detail) and The Captive

INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality

Jean Fragonard The Swing French Baroque

INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality

Age of Enlightenment

1,600 AD –1,800 AD

Diego Valaques Las Meninas Spanish Baroque

INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality

Baroque• Italian• French• Spanish• Flemish• Dutch• English

Rococo Neo-

ClassicismRembrandt van Rijn The Night Watch

Dutch Baroque

INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality

Growing nationalism Rise of the middle class

(distribution of wealth) Growth of Mercantilism Increasing reliance on

rational thought Increase in the

importance of the individual

The Reformation Crisis between Royal

power and religious authorities (The Three Musketeers)

Exploration Scientific progress Invention

Artemisia Gentileschi Judith beheading Holofernes

Italian Baroque

William Hogarth The Strode Family

English Baroque

INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality

Portraiture establishes man in context with his possessions.

Landscapes develops as a background.

Female appears as real not idealized, an emotional living form.

All classes appear in imagery. Chiaroscuro technique,

luminous. Man in the moment of activity. Motion and vitality of human

personality. Spontaneous vs. controlled

balance. Non-formal Sincere Sympathetic

Frans Hals Jonker Ramp and His Sweetheart

Dutch Baroque

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Caspar David Freidrich Wayfarer in a Sea of Fog

Pathos: The quality that arouses feelings of pity, sorrow, compassion and suffering.

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Industrial Age circa 1,800 AD

– 1,900 ADConstable Golding Constable’s Kitchen Garden

Beirstadt Yosemite

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Romanticism – Ideas and hopes reflected in nature, nature as inspiration.

Realism – show the human condition, struggle against adversity, seeks the beauty of the inner person. Image of the common place.

Impressionism and Post Impressionism –Man as a gesture, tells of ease and relaxation, responsive to leisure, bystanders and spectators.

Inness Sunset, Etretat

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Rationalism Free thought Scientific and

social progress Machine age Industrialism New

techniques in communication

Commercial expansion, competition between nations and social classes

Invention of the camera

Conservatism and rebellion

Snowstorm

Burial at SeaJ. M. W. Turner

The Slave Ship

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Portraits Human figure

minimized in the landscape

Landscape and still life become important to reassure, give stability, order and security. The need for this reflects the burden man has to bear.

Frederic Bazille The Pink Dress

PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos

Desire for respect Maintain personal

dignity Espouse libertarian

views Work without

restraint Sought release in

rebellion Isolation in personal

self torture and exile Bohemianism Exclusion in

intellectual withdrawal and emotional fantasy

Pierre Bonnard Signac and friends

Paul Gauguin Woman with Mango

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Robert Motherwell Elegy to the Spanish Republic #34

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Technical –Scientific –Analytical Age, The Modern Era

Twentieth Century to Present time

Wasilly Kandinsky Riding Couple

Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Modernism in the Arts to 1945 Fauvism Cubism Expressionism DADAism Surrealism Constructivism De Stijl Futurist Art Nouveau Bauhaus

Picasso Afficionado

Madamoiselles de Avignon

We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth, at least the truth that is given to us to understand.- Pablo Picasso

Salvidor Dali Watches

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Arts today 1945 – Present Abstract

Expressionism Pop Art Color Field Photo Realism Conceptual Art Minimalism Earthworks

Andy Goldsworthy

Williem De Kooning Woman

Richard Estes Post Office

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Napoleon defeated Germany occupied

France, WWII France as center

for New Modernism

Invention and technological growth

Nationalist power Revolution Artist sought

refuge within self Objectivity gives

way to subjectivity Images turn to

symbolsJackson Pollock Full Fathom Five

Jackson Pollock Number 8, 1949

ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection

Human image becomes a symbol – The human form all but disappears. A dissection of the human form.

Images have power to project inner states of being in expressive form.

Reaction to emotional experiences-tension, irritation, annoyance, fear, frustration, anguish.

Analytical study of relationships of the elements and principles of art to create design.

These projections can take on a number of visual images/symbols known to us as modern art.

Georges Braque Woman and Guitar

In the continuing struggle for expression change is a constant. Often occurring as a reaction to what came before. There are two ways our minds understand the world. We often go back and forth between the two in order to make sense of the happenings in our world.