chapter 12: digital society, ethics and globalization succeeding with technology: second edition

Chapter 12: Digital Society,Ethics and GlobalizationSucceeding with Technology:

Second Edition

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Objectives

Describe how technology is affecting the definition of community, and list some physical and mental health dangers associated with excessive computer use

Describe the negative and positive impact of technology on freedom of speech, and list forms of speech and expression that are censored on the Web

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Objectives (continued)

Explain the ways in which technology is used to invade personal privacy, and provide examples of laws that protect citizens from privacy invasion

List ethical issues related to digital technology that confront individuals in personal and professional life, businesses, and governments

Explain what globalization is, what forces are behind it, and how it is affecting the United States and other nations

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Living Online

Virtual space An environment that exists in the mind rather than in

physical space People find virtual space

In a daydream In a book In a movie On a cell phone On the Internet

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Computers and Community

Flash mob Group of people who assemble suddenly in a public

place, do something unusual, and then disperse Participants

Given precise instructions on where to meet, how to act, and what to say if questioned

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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance Repetitive stress injury (RSI)

Injury such as tendonitis and tennis elbow, caused by a repetitive motion

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Aggravation of the pathway for nerves that travel

through the wrist (the carpal tunnel) Typically caused by long hours at the computer

keyboard

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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance (continued) Internet addiction

May exist if people are online for long periods of time Cannot control their online usage Jeopardize their career or family life from excessive

Internet usage Lie to family, friends, and coworkers about

excessive Internet usage Ergonomics

Designing and positioning work environment and computer equipment in a healthy manner

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Freedom of Speech

First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Guarantees citizens the right to free speech

Internet Used to espouse the views and beliefs of every

religious and political group Web sites

May include points of view that many find offensive and even dangerous

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Challenging the Establishment and Traditional Institutions Bloggers

Are becoming an increasingly important component in journalism

Proliferation of digital cameras and camera phones Has led to many amateur photographers having

their photos published Consumer-generated media (CGM)

Role of the public in capturing and reporting news

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Laws and Censorship

Libel The deliberate act of defamation of character by

making false statements of fact Censorship

Occurs when a government or authority controls speech and other forms of expression

Content-filtering software Works with Web browser to check each Web site for

indecent materials

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Privacy Issues

Being free from intrusion The right to be left alone Freedom from surveillance Control over the information collected and kept

about one’s self

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Personal Information Privacy Much of the information gathered about individuals

Done without their knowledge Internet

Acts as a supercharged tool for invisible information gathering

ChoicePoint collects and combines information from The three big credit bureaus Public records of numerous local, state, and federal

government agencies Telephone records; liens; deeds; and other sources

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Privacy and Government

Privacy Act of 1974 Primary law controlling what many government

agencies can and cannot do with information they hold

PATRIOT Act Gave federal government certain liberties regarding

access to private information and the treatment of suspected terrorists

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Surveillance Technologies

Surveillance The close monitoring of behavior

Wiretap requests Increased by 85 percent in the three years following

the September 11 attacks FBI surveillance

Grew from telephone networks to broadband cable networks in 2004

Extended to VoIP communications in 2005

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Video and Audio Surveillance Video cameras in public places

Are assisting in capturing criminals who may otherwise escape

Chicago Has the most advanced video surveillance system

High-resolution cameras attached to satellites and trained on the earth Are providing us with amazing new mapping

technologies

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GPS and RFID Surveillance

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Are useful, but can be used to invade privacy Are being used to track ex-cons

US privacy laws control who can be monitored Lack of funding limits ability to monitor

Three scenarios Full privacy Full trust Full transparency

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Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics

Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong

Computer ethics Issues that deal with computer use

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Personal Ethical Considerations Personal computer ethics

The responsible use of computers outside of professional environments

Feeling of social responsibility May guide a computer user to treat others online

with respect A person’s own sense of morality

May keep him/her from becoming involved with Web content that has a negative impact

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Professional Ethical Considerations Associations that have developed a code of ethical

conduct Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility

(CPSR) Association of Information Technology Professionals

(AITP) The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) The British Computer Society (BCS)

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Governmental Ethical Considerations The digital divide

The social and economic gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not

Economic digital divide in the United States Has been shrinking since the turn of the millennium

Global digital divide Provides a greater social and ethical challenge

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Globalization

Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange

Largest contributors to globalization Computers A global telecommunication infrastructure The Internet

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Outsourcing

Use of an outside company to take over portions of the business workload

Bangalore Has become known as the Silicon Valley of India Major presence

Microsoft, IBM, Texas Instruments, HP, GE, and many others

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Offshoring

Business practice that relocates an entire production line to another location, typically in another country,

Beijing (China) The global center of offshoring

When China joined the World Trade Organization and agreed to follow international trade laws It opened a floodgate for trade and innovation

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Business Challenges in Globalization Culture Language Time and distance Infrastructure Currency State, regional, and national laws

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Conclusion

Positive effects of technology on society Finding cures for deadly diseases Eroding the power of totalitarian governments and

dictators Developing alternate environmentally friendly

energy source Widespread access to information

Is building a more transparent society

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Summary

The Internet Provides an entire virtual world of information,

people, and groups in which you can literally lose yourself

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Guarantees citizens the right to free speech

Libel and direct, specific threats Not protected under the First Amendment

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Summary (continued)

Privacy issues that concern most people Being free from intrusion

Computer profiling Primary service provided by private information

service companies such as ChoicePoint The field of ethics

Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong

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Summary (continued)

Professional computer ethics Involve the ethical issues faced by professionals in

their use of computer systems as part of their jobs Globalization

Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange