chapter 14 · chapter 14.2 early south american civilizations. eurasia: the continent containing...
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CHAPTER 14.2
Early South American Civilizations
Eurasia: The continent containing both Europe and Asia; Europe and Asia are not separate continents
The Nazca and Moche
Nazca
• Existed 200 BCE – 600 CE in southern Peru
• Not much is known about Nazca; Nazca Lines suggest they practiced religion outdoors• Nazca Lines: Large grooves etched into rocky soil in southern
Peru in the form of various animals and shapes
Moche
• Existed 300 – 700 CE south of Ecuador
• Successful farmers; likely provided food for the entire region
The Inca• 1440 CE: Inca people, led by Pachacuti, began conquering southern
Peru• Capital at Cuzco• Spoke the language of Quechua
• Inca civilization was built on war• All young men required to serve; 200,000 strong• Supplies carried by llamas; no wheel
• New territories allowed to keep their local leaders; had to pledge loyalty to the Inca• Children taken as hostages to ensure loyalty
Inca Society• Inca emperors believed to be descended from Inti, the sun god
• All Inca subjects were responsible for several weeks of manual labor each year• Entire communities were moved around the empire as needed
• Men and women married only within their immediate tribes
• Inca government organized extensive trade• Built ~25,000 miles of roads
• Rest houses located along roads one day’s walk apart; stocked with supplies
• Needed government permission to use roads
• Trained runners carried messages; traveled up to 140 miles per day
Emperor (Pachacuti)
GovernorGovernor Governor
Governor
ProvincialGovernor
ProvincialGovernor Provincial
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ProvincialGovernor
ProvincialGovernorProvincial
Governor
ProvincialGovernor
10,000residents
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10,000residents
Inca Culture• Inca considered the greatest engineers of the Americas
• Cuzco built entirely of tightly fitting stone; can withstand the strongest of earthquakes
• Village of Machu Picchu built between mountains; harmony between man and nature
• No writing system; used system of knotted strings to keep records called quipu• Could only keep numerical records
• No writing led to importance of theater and story-telling
Pre-Activity• With your table partner, come up with 2 reasons why you think the
Americas developed technology slower than Eurasia. Write these two reasons down on a sheet of paper (one paper per student) – 6 minutes
• Find a new partner and discuss your ideas – 2 minutes• Add any new ideas to your sheet of paper
• With a new partner discuss what ideas you have – 2 minutes• Again, add any new ideas to your sheet of paper
• Circle or highlight the ideas you believe are the most likely reasons why the Americas developed technology slower than Eurasia
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