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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 1
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Sociology: A Down-to-EarthSociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/eApproach 7/e
Sociology: A Down-to-EarthSociology: A Down-to-EarthApproach 7/eApproach 7/e
James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Fifteen: PoliticsChapter Fifteen: PoliticsJames M. HenslinJames M. HenslinChapter Fifteen: PoliticsChapter Fifteen: Politics
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 2
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
“Power relations wherever they exist,
including those in your own life.”
What is Politics?What is Politics?What is Politics?What is Politics?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 3
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Micropolitics
Exercise of Power in Everyday Life
Macropolitics
Exercise of Power Over a Large Group
Micro and Macro PoliticsMicro and Macro PoliticsMicro and Macro PoliticsMicro and Macro Politics
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 4
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Authority is Legitimate Power
Illegitimate Power is Coercion
Authority and Legitimate Violence
Governments Have Exclusive Rights to Violence
The Collapse of Authority
Revolution
Power, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and Violence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 5
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Traditional Authority
Authority Based on Custom
Rational-Legal Authority
Authority Based on Written Rules
Charismatic Authority
Authority Freely and Graciously Given
Threat Posed by Charismatic Leaders
Power, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and Violence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 6
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Authority as an Ideal Type
Traditional, Rational-Legal, Charismatic
Not Ideal or Desirable Necessarily
Transfer of Authority
Orderly from One Leader to Another
Power, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and ViolencePower, Authority, and Violence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 7
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Monarchies
Democracies
Direct
Representative
Dictatorships and Oligarchies
Totalitarianism
Types of GovernmentsTypes of GovernmentsTypes of GovernmentsTypes of Governments
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 8
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Political Parties and Elections
Democrats, Republicans, and Third Parties
Primaries and Elections
Centrism and Extremes
U.S. Political SystemU.S. Political SystemU.S. Political SystemU.S. Political System
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 9
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Elections are Not Winner-Take-All
Based on System of Proportional
Representation
Encourages Non-Centrist Parties
Coalition Governments
Democratic Systems in EuropeDemocratic Systems in EuropeDemocratic Systems in EuropeDemocratic Systems in Europe
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 10
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Non-Hispanic Whites Most Likely to Vote
African-Americans Next Most Likely
Latinos Least Likely to Vote
Voting PatternsVoting PatternsVoting PatternsVoting Patterns
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 11
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Social Integration
Alienation and Apathy
Gender and Racial-Ethnic Gap in Voting
Voting PatternsVoting PatternsVoting PatternsVoting Patterns
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 12
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Special Interest Groups are People Who
Think Alike on a Particular Issue and
Mobilize for Political Action
Lobbyists are People Paid to Influence
Legislation
Lobbyists and Special InterestsLobbyists and Special InterestsLobbyists and Special InterestsLobbyists and Special Interests
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 13
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Elections are Expensive
Senate Campaign about $5,000,000
House Campaign about $800,000
PACs Contribute and are Owed
PAC Money Buys Votes
PACs in U.S. ElectionsPACs in U.S. ElectionsPACs in U.S. ElectionsPACs in U.S. Elections
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 14
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism
Diffusion of Power Among Many
Checks and Balances
Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 15
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite
Ruling Class
Top Business, Political, and Military Leaders
Not a Secret Group, Just Similar Backgrounds and
Orientations
Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?Who Rules the U.S.?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 16
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Is War Universal?
Human Aggression and Killing, Yes
War, No
How Common is War?
Humans Long for Peace but Glorify War
War is Very Common and Frequent
War and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 17
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Why do Nations go to War?
Revenge
Power
Prestige
Unity
War and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Positions
Ethnicity
Beliefs
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 18
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Cost of War
Toll in Lives
Toll in Dollars
Sowing Seeds for Future Wars
War and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and TerrorismWar and Terrorism
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 19
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Increased Emotional Distance from Others
Emphasis on Following Procedure
Inability to Resist Pressures
Diminished Sense of Personal
Responsibility
War and DehumanizationWar and DehumanizationWar and DehumanizationWar and Dehumanization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 20
Chapter 15: PoliticsChapter 15: Politics
Globalization of Capitalism
Worldwide Flow of Information,
Goods, and Capital
Economic and Political Units that
Transcend National Boundaries
New World Order?New World Order?New World Order?New World Order?
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