chapter 17. human civilization would not have been possible without the development of crops ...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ANGIOSPERMS – FLOWERING PLANTS Human civilization would not have been
possible without the development of cropsAllowed societies to settle in one areaGenerated calories sufficient to shareThis in turn freed some individuals to
specialize in other things like art, pottery, cloth, metals
If stationary, need to determine how to share that area and resources – need government
Civilizations formed where agriculture developed first – usually specific crops can be identified Wheat, barley, corn, etc.
ORGAN MODIFICATIONS – SOME EXAMPLES
Leaves: tendrils and spines
Roots: sugar beet, carrot, turnip, sweet potatoes
Stem: rhizomes – horizontal and near surface; stolon - above ground
WATER AND NUTRIENTS ENTER THE ROOT AND ARE TRANSPORTED BY XYLEM Flow of water
and nutrients is regulated by cells
Extracellular movement is blocked by a waxy barrier, the Casparian strip
Thus all movement is regulated by cells in the root
HOW DOES A PLANT BREATHE?
a) A plant breathes through specialized leaves called tendrils
b) CO2 is taken in and O2 released through root hairs
c) Vascular tissue called phloem moves gases in and out of the plant’s leaves and stems.
d) Gas exchange in and out of the plant’s body occurs via the leaf stomata
e) Both c and d are correct
IN GENERAL, PLANT DERMAL TISSUES ARE FOUND
A) at the surface of plant organs. B) near the center of the plant stems and
roots. C) lining the vascular tissue. D) throughout the plant body. E) only in plants that have secondary
growth.
PLANTS CAN GET NITROGEN FROM FUNGI, TOO
Some fungi live in plant roots in a mutualistic relationshipFungus gets sugars Plant gets increased
water and ion uptakeSome fungi also
secrete antibiotics
ANIMATION FOR CH 17 Plant special features Transportation of water and minerals in
plant Role of xylem and phloem in
transportation and meeting the needs of the plant
FOR HEALTHY PLANT NUTRITION: SOIL CONSERVATION IS IMPORTANT
Maintaining a healthy soil
Sustainable use of water and nutrients
Protect against water and wind erosion
Minimize use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides
On a trip to the Southwest, you and a friend collect some seeds from a piñon, which is a type of pine tree. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of soil from under the piñon tree. Back home, both of you plant your seeds in commercial sterilized potting soil, but your friend adds a spoonful of the collected dirt to each of her pots. Her seedlings do better than yours. Which of the following is the likeliest reason?
A) Pine seedlings are better adapted to the sandy soil of the Southwest than to commercial potting mix. B) The soil from the Southwest probably contained macronutrients missing from the potting mix. C) The soil from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonized the seedlings' root nodules. D) The soil from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a mycorrhizal association with the seedlings' roots. E) The soil from the Southwest probably contained the eggs of worms
and other soil animals.
Advantages: faster, less energy, preserves winning allele combination.Disadvantage: Reduced genetic variation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEcv3dBuOe4
http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=AveBa4WI3_S.poEk9h0kRIObvZx4?p=Touch+me+nots&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-701
Which of the following is TRUE about a sexually reproducing population?
a) It is energetically more efficient than asexual reproduction.b) “Winning alleles” are always preserved in the offspring.c) The population can better keep up with changing conditions.d) It is faster than asexual reproduction.e) There is no need to find a mate.
Which of the following is a likely way in which plants increase dispersal of their seeds?
a) Fruits are conspicuously colored.b) Fruits taste good.c) Fruit colors attract female birds.d) Both a) and b) are true.e) Both a) and c) are true.
What is the first step that occurs in the process of angiosperm reproduction after a pollen grain lands on a stigma of the correct species?
a) There is no pollen tube involved, the sperm cells move down the stigma to the ovaries.b) The first step after pollination varies depending on the species of the plant.c) The sperm cells immediately move down the pollen tube since the tube was previously formed.d) The sperm cells immediately fertilizes the egg cells that are located in the stigma.e) A pollen tube forms to carry the sperm cells toward the ovary.
PLANT GROWTH IS INDETERMINATE
Meristem = undifferentiated cellsLocated where plant
grows – buds and root tips
Primary vs Secondary growth
Lateral meristem of stems and roots Cork and vascular
cambrium
SECONDARY GROWTH
Meristem:
Vascular cambium comes from primary xylem.
Cork cambium comes from division of ground tissue cells just below the Epidermis
Wood = Secondary Xylem (both Heartwood & Sapwood)Heartwood = older,
more filled with thickened sap
Sapwood = younger Bark = Secondary
phloem, Cork Cambium, Cork, & Epidermis
HOW DOES A TREE GROW?a) Elongation of trunk, new leaves,
widening of branches and rootsb) Meristem divides in leaf tips, stem
nodes, root tipsc) New leaves, at root and branch tips,
widening of trunk and rootsd) Zone of differentiation has dividing
cells that enlarge stems and roots, new leaves, and enlarged vascular tissue in stems
IF YOU CARVE YOUR INITIALS IN THE TRUNK OF A TREE, WILL THEY MOVE UP AS THE TREE GROWS?
A) Yes, because a tree elongates from the ground up.
B) Yes, because secondary growth will cause them to move up.
C) No, because trees stop growing if they are damaged.
D) No, because elongation occurs in the tips of growing stems in the apical meristems.
E) Yes, because growth continues in all parts of a plant throughout its life.
WHAT IS PHYTOREMEDIATION?
A) The use of native plants to restore habitat for wildlife after disasters such as Hurricane Katrina.
B) The use of plants to clean up polluted soil and groundwater.
C) Treatment of soils and groundwater with chemicals to prevent plant death.
D) The use of plants to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
E) The use of plants to improve the appearance of devastated areas after disasters.
top related