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Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
PowerPoint® PresentationPowerPoint® Presentation
Chapter 2Chapter 2Solar RadiationSolar Radiation
The Sun • Solar Radiation • Sun-Earth Relationships • Array
Orientation • Solar Radiation Data Sets
The Sun • Solar Radiation • Sun-Earth Relationships • Array
Orientation • Solar Radiation Data Sets
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
A false color image of the sun enhances the turbulent nature of the sun’s photosphere, including a roiling surface, sunspots, and giant flares.
A false color image of the sun enhances the turbulent nature of the sun’s photosphere, including a roiling surface, sunspots, and giant flares.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Even over the vast distance, an enormous amount of energy reaches Earth from the sun.Even over the vast distance, an enormous amount of energy reaches Earth from the sun.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Solar irradiance is solar power per unit area.Solar irradiance is solar power per unit area.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The inverse square law states that irradiance is reduced in proportion to the inverse square of the distance from the source.
The inverse square law states that irradiance is reduced in proportion to the inverse square of the distance from the source.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Solar irradiation equals the total solar irradiance received over time.
Solar irradiation equals the total solar irradiance received over time.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, which vary with wavelength.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, which vary with wavelength.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The wavelength distribution of extraterrestrial solar radiation forms a spectral signature unique to the sun.
The wavelength distribution of extraterrestrial solar radiation forms a spectral signature unique to the sun.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Solar radiation in Earth’s atmosphere includes direct, diffuse, and albedo radiation.
Solar radiation in Earth’s atmosphere includes direct, diffuse, and albedo radiation.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Air mass is a representation of the amount of atmosphere radiation that must pass through to reach Earth’s surface.
Air mass is a representation of the amount of atmosphere radiation that must pass through to reach Earth’s surface.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Peak sun hours is an equivalent measure of total solar irradiation in a day.
Peak sun hours is an equivalent measure of total solar irradiation in a day.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Insolation maps rate locations by their average daily peak sun hours.
Insolation maps rate locations by their average daily peak sun hours.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The atmosphere absorbs extraterrestrial radiation at certain wavelengths, resulting in an attenuated spectral distribution for terrestrial radiation.
The atmosphere absorbs extraterrestrial radiation at certain wavelengths, resulting in an attenuated spectral distribution for terrestrial radiation.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
A pyranometer measures total global solar irradiance from the whole sky.
A pyranometer measures total global solar irradiance from the whole sky.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Diffuse solar irradiance can be measured by adding a shadowing device to a pyranometer, which blocks the direct component of total global irradiance.
Diffuse solar irradiance can be measured by adding a shadowing device to a pyranometer, which blocks the direct component of total global irradiance.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Handheld pyranometers use less accurate and lower cost sensors than precision pyranometers but are more suitable for field measurements.
Handheld pyranometers use less accurate and lower cost sensors than precision pyranometers but are more suitable for field measurements.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
A pyrheliometer measures the direct component of solar irradiance, which is important when installing concentrating collectors.
A pyrheliometer measures the direct component of solar irradiance, which is important when installing concentrating collectors.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Reference cells output a certain electrical current in proportion to solar irradiance received.
Reference cells output a certain electrical current in proportion to solar irradiance received.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The ecliptic plane is formed by Earth’s elliptical orbit around the sun.The ecliptic plane is formed by Earth’s elliptical orbit around the sun.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The equatorial plane is tilted 23.5° from the ecliptic plane. As Earth revolves around the sun, this orientation produces a varying solar declination.
The equatorial plane is tilted 23.5° from the ecliptic plane. As Earth revolves around the sun, this orientation produces a varying solar declination.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The summer solstice occurs when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. The winter solstice occurs when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
The summer solstice occurs when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. The winter solstice occurs when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The fall and spring equinoxes occur when the sun is directly in line with the equator.
The fall and spring equinoxes occur when the sun is directly in line with the equator.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Standard time organizes regions into time zones, where every location in a time zone shares the same clock time.
Standard time organizes regions into time zones, where every location in a time zone shares the same clock time.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The Equation of Time adjusts for variations in Earth’s orbit and rotation that affect solar time.The Equation of Time adjusts for variations in Earth’s orbit and rotation that affect solar time.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
An analemma shows how sun position, at the same time of day, changes throughout the year.
An analemma shows how sun position, at the same time of day, changes throughout the year.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Solar azimuth and altitude angles are used to describe the sun’s location in the sky.Solar azimuth and altitude angles are used to describe the sun’s location in the sky.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The sun’s path across the sky at various times of the year can be illustrated on a diagram. The diagrams change for different latitudes.
The sun’s path across the sky at various times of the year can be illustrated on a diagram. The diagrams change for different latitudes.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The solar window is the area of sky containing all possible locations of the sun throughout the year for a particular location.
The solar window is the area of sky containing all possible locations of the sun throughout the year for a particular location.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The orientation of an array surface is described using azimuth and tilt angles.The orientation of an array surface is described using azimuth and tilt angles.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
Energy production at certain times of the year can be maximized by adjusting the array tilt angle.Energy production at certain times of the year can be maximized by adjusting the array tilt angle.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The average seasonal declinations define the optimal tilt angles for those periods.
The average seasonal declinations define the optimal tilt angles for those periods.
Chapter 2 — Solar RadiationChapter 2 — Solar Radiation
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provides solar radiation data for various locations, times of the year, and south-facing array orientations.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provides solar radiation data for various locations, times of the year, and south-facing array orientations.
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