chapter 20 the u.s. looks overseas

Chapter 20The U.S. Looks Overseas

HOW DID THE U.S. DEMONSTRATE ITS

GROWING INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC AND IN LATIN

AMERICA

• • •

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Bullet Points p. 699 Read pgs. 678-685

Ch 20 Sec 1

• I can understand how the U.S. acquired new territory and expanded trade in the Asia-Pacific region

Ch. 20 Sec 1Eyes on the Pacific

• Manifest Destiny – U.S. should have borders from Atlantic to Pacific

???• Why not go further west?

• Americans did just that

Japan• Mid 1800’s

Americans wanted trade with Japan

• Japan was a closed country

• What they didn’t have was a strong navy• Pres. Millard Fillmore sends Commodore

Matthew C. Perry and his fleet – 1553• Japanese thought they were ready

• Perry arrives with ships• Gives Japanese letter from

President and leavesWere the Japanese

impressed?

• Yes they were• 1 year later Perry returns• Japan grants America

trading rights• Changes Japan forever

Alaska

• 1867 – Alaska belonged to Russia• Russia wants American influence, not

British• 1869 – Russia sells for $7.2 million (2

cents per acre)• Many in U.S. against sale• Did not know of riches

U.S. Expansion

• America was isolationist (avoid other countries)

• Europeans were imperialists (empire building)

• Late 1800’s, U.S. wanted territories

Turner Thesis

• Western frontier has been conquered

• No more expansion

•Was he ever wrong!!!

Economic Growth• U.S. has powerful

economy• U.S. did not want

1. To be denied raw materials

2. To be denied global market

Economic Growth

• Key is a strong navy

• Control the seas – (Alfred T. Mahan)

From this

To this

To This

Other Reasons for Expansion

•Protect overseas trade

•Spread American values

• U.S. Navy and American shipping companies needed a refueling stop in Pacific

• Germany and Britain also wanted the same

• Almost went to war• 1899, Germany and U.S. divided control

Hawaii

• After 1820, American sugar planters set up plantations

• Planters gained power and forced king to give them power in government

• When king died, Queen tried to limit power

Hawaii• With help of

U.S. Marines, planters seized control of Islands (1893)

• Congress annexed Hawaii in 1898

• Late 1800’s, war weakens China

• European powers & Japan try to divide up China

China• U.S. fears exclusion• U.S. wants, “Open Door”

policyWHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

• The right of all nations to trade with China

China – Boxer Rebellion• Chinese object – form secret group• This group – The Boxers – attacked

foreigners• Chinese gov’t. helped

China• U.S. and other countries send 18,000

troops• Defeat Boxers, kill Chinese and loot

Beijing

• U.S. insists on Open Door policy

• Insists China not be carved up• China survived but with

foreign influence

• • •

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Bullet points p. 699 Read pgs. 688 - 692

Ch 20 Sec 2The Spanish – American War

•I can understand the causes and effects of the Spanish – American War

Cuba• 90 miles south

of Florida• Controlled by

Spain since 1492

• Cubans revolt 1868

• First revolt failed• 2nd revolt, 1895• People put in

reconcentration camps• 200,000 die

José Martí

• Cuban poet• Inspired

Cubans from exile in U.S.

• Got to Cuba but killed

American Reaction• Americans sympathetic• Want to oust Spanish• Protect American investments in

Cuba50 mil. Rice, sugar, RR’s, iron

mines• Presidents Cleveland and McKinley

said NO intervention

U.S. Press• U.S. Newspapers urged intervention• William R. Hearst of New York

Journal one of the worst

Remember the Maine

• 1898 – Fighting in the streets of Havana, Cuba

• President McKinley sent U.S. Battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American interests

Remember the Maine

• With this big battleship in the harbor, what could possibly go wrong at 9:40 PM on Feb. 15, 1898?

Remember the MaineTo Hell with Spain

• Press and public blame Spanish• Cause of the explosion still

unknownSpanish Naval mineSunk by Navy to provoke war Fire in coal bunker

WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!• Asst. Secretary of Navy T. Roosevelt thinks

Congress will declare war• Sent Adm. Dewey to Spanish held Philippine

Islands

WAR!! WAR!! WAR!!

• April 20, 1898, Congress declares war on Spain

• May 1, 1898, Dewey attacks Spanish fleet in Philippines.

• Sinks entire squadron• No American losses

War in Cuba

• TR (who is that?????)• Gave up his job as Asst. Sec. of

the Navy• Formed Cavalry group, the Rough

Riders• Poorly trained, poorly equipped

Rough Riders

• July 1, 1898• TR leads men up San Juan

Hill in Santiago Cuba• Black, white, it didn’t

matter

White regiments, black regiments . . . Fought shoulder to shoulder, unmindful of race or color . . . And mindful only of their common duty as Americans.

First Lt. John J. Pershing

An American Empire

• Dec. 1898 – Spain surrenders• Cuba independent• Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam

and Wake Islands to U.S.• U.S. pays $20 million

Debate on TreatyYES

• U.S. has important naval bases

• Expands business

• Spread democracy

• Violates Declaration

• Self gov’t denied• Risk of future

Outcome

•Senate approves treaty, , Feb. 1899

Governing• Filipinos try for freedom• Former U.S. allies in Philippines

fight U.S.• 3 year war• 4,000 Americans dead• 20,000 Filipinos dead• Philippines not free until 1946

Governing Caribbean

• Puerto Rico a territory with a U.S. governor

• People become U.S. citizens• U.S. developed economy and

education

Governing Caribbean

• Cuba becomes U.S. protectorate Cuba cannot make treaties Cannot borrow moneyU.S can intervene in Cuban

affairsNaval base at Guantanamo

Anopheles Stephensi

Aedes Aegypti

WHY ARE THESE 2 BUGS IMPORTANT?

• They almost delayed one of the worlds most important projects.

WHAT WAS THAT PROJECT?

PANAMACANAL

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Bullet Points p. 699 Read pgs. 693 - 697

Ch 20 Sec 3The U.S. & Latin America

• I can understand how the U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to justify intervention in Latin America

Monroe Doctrine

• Named after President MonroeWHAT DID IT SAY?

1. European countries stay out of the Americas

2. We will stay out of European affairs

3. If you don’t, there will be trouble

1898• The Navy had to send this boat

From Here

To Here

But to do it, they had to go

around this

A distance of 14,000 miles and it took 2 months

What do we need?

•A short easily defensible route

Isthmus of Panama

•What is an isthmus?•A narrow strip of land joining two larger area of land

Isthmus of Panama

Where is it?

• Panama was a province of Columbia

• TR offered to rent for $10 mil now and ¼ mil yearly

• Columbia wanted more and said NO

Teddy don’t like that!!

•So, what can he do???

•Steal it from Columbia

Grand Theft Country• TR knew Panamanians did not like

Columbia• Talked Panamanian leaders into a

revolt• Sent gunboats to stop Columbian

navy• U.S. recognized Panamanian

sovereignty

Gun Boat Diplomacy

Grand theft Country

•U.S. signs deal with Panama

•Still can’t start canal until health problems solved

Disease

• Most people thought that yellow fever and malaria were spread by bad air

• MAL = bad• ARIA = air• Two doctors found that it was spread by

mosquitoes

WHAT DO WE DO?

DISEASE

• Kill the skeetersHOW?

• Drain the swamps and clear the areas where the insects breed

The Big Ditch

• 3 major jobs1. Cut through a mountain2. Dam a river to create a lake3. Erect the canal’s locks

The Mountain

• 9 mile ditch through the Cordillera Mountains• Called the Gaillard cut

THE BIG STICK

• TR claimed the U.S. to be the leader in the Americas

• Prevent European nations from becoming too powerful in the Americas

Roosevelt Corollary

• When U.S. neighbors get into trouble with Europe, the U.S. can use an “INTERNATIONAL POLICE POWER” and get involved.

Example

• European nations wanted to use military force to collect debts owed by Dominican Republic

Corollary In Action• TR sent Marines to Dominican

Republic and took over finances

Dollar Diplomacy• TR out, Taft in.• Economic ties best way to influence

other countries• U.S. companies invest in Latin

America

BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG?

A New PresidentWilson

• Support democracy• Put to the test• Mexicans overthrew

dictator• Resulted in Civil War

• While trying to refuel a boat, a dispute arose between Mexican soldiers and U.S. sailors

• Sailors taken prisoner but released• U.S. invaded Mexico at Vera Cruz

1916• Mexican

revolutionary Pancho Villa attacks U.S. town of Columbus NM

• Retaliation for arms dealer selling guns to Villa’s enemy

• Burns town• U.S. responds

• U.S. sends army to track down Villa

• U.S. General Pershing tracks Villa for 11 months but cannot capture

• U.S. withdraws

chapter 20 the u.s. looks overseas

american influence

american sugar planters

spanish american wari

american shipping companies

s americans

cubans revolt

china chinau

japanese thought

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