chapter 22 battle for national reform. theodore roosevelt sr. “the only man i was ever really...

Chapter 22Battle for National Reform

Theodore Roosevelt Sr.

“The only man I was ever really afraid of”

Martha Bulloch Roosevelt

Lincoln’s funeral thru NYC

Elliot and Theodore Roosevelt

Teddy, Elliott, Corinne, and Edith Carrow

Teddy goes hunting

TR serves as:NY State AssemblymanCivil Service CommissionerNYC Police CommissionerAsst. Sec. of the NavyLt. Col. Of VolunteersGov. of New YorkVice President

Teddy as Police

Commissioner

Teddy in the War

Teddy as VP candidate

September 1901

TR & Teddy’s Bear

When TR becomes President, power was mainly with Congress

Teddy believes in government of men rather than laws-good laws won’t help if bad men in charge

Well prepared to be President:

•Well read•Well traveled•Northern with Southern ties•Easterner with ties to the West•In local, state and national gov.

TR’s formula for leadership:

Courage + intellegence

Looks to Jackson & Lincoln for philosophy of presidential power

Feels power is not what the constitution says, it only sets limits on what can’t be done

It is his duty to do anything the country needs unless forbidden by the const.

While thought by Conservatives to be a radical, he is really a moderate conservative

Believes in moderate reform to correct problems and to avoid more radical change

TR sees gov. as mediator of public good

Sees business not as evil, but believes that can be dangerous

Wants to regulate rather than destroy

Uses power to investigate activities of corporations

Department of Commerce

Files 40 anti-trust cases

1902 Northern Securities Co.

J. P. Morgan, E. H. Harriman, & James Hill

RR monopoly in Northwest

J. P. Morgan

E. H. Harriman

James Hill

Supreme Court rules in favor of the government in 1904

Teddy goes after Standard Oil

Government will win the case in 1911

1902 - United Mine Workers Strikes

Strike stretches into the Fall

Teddy asks for arbitration

Mine owners refuse

Coal Mine

Teddy threaten to send the army to dig coal

Workers get 10% raise

9 hour work day

Owners do not have to recognize the union

Election of 1904

Or, who gets to run against Teddy?

Alton B. Parker

Square

Deal

A program that is fair to all and not influenced by special interests

Conservation

Control

Consumer

Of Natural Resources

Of Corporations

Protection

*Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act

*Pure Food and Drug Act

*Meat Inspection Act

*Antiquities Act

Conservation

Creates National Park Service

5 National Parks

16 National Monuments

51 Wildlife refuges

TR and John Muir at Yosemite

Conservatives in Congress do not like land put beyond the reach of business

Pass bill to restrict power of President to preserve land

Teddy seizes as much land as possible before law become effective

Panic of 1907

*Industry produces more than it can sell

*Speculation and mismanagement

*Conservatives blame TR

J.P. Morgan

Supports system

US Steel

Tenn Coal

Roosevelt picks as successor:

TAFT

Teddy goes Big

Game Hunting

Taft suffers in comparison to TR

*Taft replaces TR’s Sec of Interior Gifford Pinchot with corporate lawyer

*Progressive branch mad

Osawatomie Creek

Taft gets Republican nomination

TR & Progressives walk out

Who will the

Democrats nominate?

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson

*son of a Presbyterian minister

*President of Princeton

*Governor of New Jersey-2 years

New Freedom

•Against bigness of business

•Representative of the people

Wilson Roosevelt Taft

435 88 8

42% 27.5% 23%

As President:

*Lowers Tariff

*Income Tax

16th Amendment

FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

*12 regional banks -holds % of members assets-loans at rate set by Fed-issues Fed Reserve notes

backed by gov

Federal Trade Commission Act

Regulatory agency to help business police itself

Gov can prosecute “unfair trade practices”

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Wilson losing interest- lets Conservatives weaken the bill

Wilson marries Edith

Galt

By 1914 Wilson feels no more need for reform-especially suffrage

1914 Dems lose seats in Congress

Keating-Owen Act-child labor

FOREIGN POLICY

Great White Fleet

TR believes in civilized and uncivilized countries

Civilized: industrial N & W Europe & Japan

Russo-JapaneseWar

1906 Nobel Prize

1902 Venezuela reneged on money owed to Great Britain & Germany

Each sends ships to blockade ports

Germans fire

Teddy uses the fleet to threaren the Germans off

I’m worried about European powers getting a foothold into Latin America

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

US can intervene if neighbor is unable to maintain order or if independence is threatened

Dominican Republic

*$22 million debt

*US takes custom house-collects tariffs

*pays off debts

US intervenes:

Mexico 1914 1916-19 Cuba 1906-09 1917-22 Nicaragua 1909-10

1912-25 1926-33 Haiti 1915-34

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

1901

Us and England agree to build a canal

Have to pick site

Us negotiates treaty with Columbia

$10 million down¼ million per year

Get 6 mile wide zone

Philippe Bunau- Varilla

Philippe-Varilla organizes revolt

TR lands Marines to maintain order

Send USS Nashville to stop Columbian ships

USS Nashville

TR recognizes new government-negotiates treaty with Panama rep:

$10 million$1/4 per year

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft’ policy:

Investments/loans to keep countries friendly and prosperous

Wilson:

Diplomacy and morality

*sends Marines to Haiti 1915 *sets up military government in Dominican Republic 1916 *buys West Indies from Denmark

Mexico

Porfirio Diaz

Francisco Madero

Victoriano Huerta

Venustiano Carranza

Pancho Villa

Emiliano Zapata

John J. “Black Jack”

Pershing