chapter 26 post war america (the cold war). april 12, 1945 roosevelt died and truman became...
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Chapter 26Chapter 26
Post War America
(The Cold War)
April 12, 1945April 12, 1945
Roosevelt Died and Truman Became President
Potsdam Potsdam Conference Conference
US Verses Soviet UnionUS Verses Soviet Union United States
– Create new world Order (Self Determination)
– Gain Access to raw materials
– Rebuild European Governments to ensure stability and create markets
– Reunite Germany
Soviet Union– Encourage Communism as
part of struggle between worker and wealthy
– Rebuild its war revenged economy
– Control Eastern Europe to balance US Control of Western Europe
– Keep Germany divided and weak so it would never again threaten Soviet Union
Soviets Tighten grip on Soviets Tighten grip on Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
Formed Satellite Nations Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Poland
Stalin Formed Communist Governments in these nations
Truman’s Reaction to the Truman’s Reaction to the Satellite countries Satellite countries
Containment – To stop the spread of communism into countries
that do not want to be communist falls in the hands of the United States
Churchill’s responseChurchill’s response
“A shadow has fallen upon the scene so lately lighted by the Allied
victory…From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across the continent”
The Iron The Iron CurtainCurtain
Berlin WallBerlin Wall
The Cold War Heats UpThe Cold War Heats Up
Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine
Truman Proclaimed that under the policy of Containment, it was the our responsibility to provide assistance to countries resisting communist take over
This doctrine provide $400 Million dollars in support to Turkey and Greece
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George Marshal Proposed that the US provide relief for all western European countries
1948-1952 Us gave $16 Billion in aid to western European countries
These countries began to flourish
Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift
327 Days277,000 Flights2.3 million tons of supplies
Food Fuel Medicine Christmas Presents
Trouble In ChinaTrouble In China
Chiang Kai-shek– Nationalist– $3 billion in aid– Ruled Southern and Eastern
China– Relied on Aid from US– Struggled with inflation and
falling economy– Weak leadership
Mao Zedong– Communist– Ruled in Northern China– Relied on Aid from Soviet
Union– Attracted Peasants with
promises of land reform– Experienced Guerilla army
force– Great LEadership
Japan took over Korea in 1910. Japan took over Korea in 1910. Ruled until the end of WWII.Ruled until the end of WWII.
After the War the Soviets took After the War the Soviets took over North Korea and the US over North Korea and the US
took over South Korea.took over South Korea.
South KoreaSouth Korea
Syngman Rhee headed the government
Capital city was Seoul The Republic of Korea
North KoreaNorth Korea
Kim Il Sung Soviet Controlled The Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea
Pyongyang Capital city
Korean War beginsKorean War begins
US pulls out of Korea leaving only 500 troops behind
Soviets Conclude that US not willing to fight for Korea
Soviets back north with tanks, money, and airplanes to prepare for attack.
June 25 1950 North Korea invade the southOn June 27, 1950 Truman ordered troops fro
Japan to aid the South Koreans
Truman RespondsTruman Responds Truman sends in the old
war horse of the Pacific Douglas MacArthur MacArthur pushes the
communist all the way back to the Chinese border.
He pleas with Truman to go ahead and let him take china while he is on a roll.
The War ended in a stalemate
The Cold War at HomeThe Cold War at Home
The Loyalty Review BoardThe Loyalty Review BoardHarry TrumanInvestigate Government EmployeesUS Attorney posted a list of 91
organizations that were considered suspicious
Membership to these organizations could cost you your job
From 1947 to 1951 3.2 million people were investigated
212 lost their jobs
House on Un-American House on Un-American Activities (HUAC)Activities (HUAC)
Accused Hollywood of being infiltrated by Communism
Began to investigate Produced the
“Hollywood Ten” Ten witnesses that
refused to testify and were sent to jail
Government strikes out at Government strikes out at HollywoodHollywood
500 actors, writers, and directors were blacklisted from working in Hollywood
The McCarran ActThe McCarran Act McCarran thought the
Loyalty Review Board was not strict enough
Passed and act that made it unlawful for to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in America.
SPIES AMONG USSPIES AMONG USAlger HissAlger Hiss The Rosenberg'sThe Rosenberg'sSent to Jail for espionage Sent to Jail for espionage Sent to the Electric Chair Sent to the Electric Chair
Two Men become famous for Two Men become famous for communist witch huntscommunist witch hunts
Richard M. NixonRichard M. Nixon Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthyPursuant of HissPursuant of Hiss McCarthyism McCarthyism
The Cold War Spreads The Cold War Spreads Around the worldAround the world
BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship
EisenhowerNuclear WeaponsStronger Air forceChildren Practiced Air raidsFall out shelters
Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
Eisenhower responds to Eisenhower responds to Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
Eisenhower Doctrine– Say US will defend the
middle east against communist aggression
The Race for SpaceThe Race for Space
SputnikSputnikOctober 4, October 4,
19571957
11stst Russian Russian Successful Successful
space space launch and launch and recoveryrecovery
U-2 Spy Plane flew missions over U-2 Spy Plane flew missions over Soviet Occupied territorySoviet Occupied territory
Francis Gary Powers Shot down Francis Gary Powers Shot down and sentenced to ten years in a and sentenced to ten years in a
Soviet PrisonSoviet Prison
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