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Chapter 13

Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms

Chapter 13-Worksheet 1 Read Page 337

Name the Disorder or Disease

Hematomas

Hematomas

1 2

3

Aneurysm

Exercise 8

Closed Spinal Cord Injuries

Due to excessive bending or extension of the spine:

• Hyperflexion of the cervical vertebrae

• Hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae

• Vertical Compression of the lumbar spine and the cervical spine.

Hyperflexion (beyond normal bending) (of the cervical vertebrae)

Hyperextension (beyond normal maximum extension)

(of the cervical vertebrae)

Vertical Compression of the lumbar spine and the cervical spine.

Read pp 340-341 Do Worksheet 2

Page 340 in English

Page 341 in English

Paralysis

Electroencephalography

Multiple Sclerosis

Parkinson’s Disease

Exercise 9

Psychological Disorders Term/Disorder Definition

Psychosomatic pertaining to the mind-body

relationship or having physical

symptoms of emotional origin

Psychosis Any major mental disorder

characterized by a gross impairment in

reality testing and often characterized

by inappropriate mood and diminished

impulse control

Schizophrenia A psychosis characterized by

distortion of reality, disorganization,

fragmentation of thought, and

withdrawal from social interaction.

Bipolar Disorders A psychosis characterized by manic

episodes, major depression, or mixed

moods.

Pyromania An impulse control disorder

characterized by an uncontrollable

urge to set fires.

American Psycho (Psychosis)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yYEX9dV34I

Psychological Disorders Disorder Definition

Clinical Depression abnormal emotional state, characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair, emptiness, and hopelessness.

Neuroses A person in distress, there is no apparent cause.

Anxiety Disorders (include panic attacks) characterized by intense terror or apprehension accompanied by difficulty breathing, sweating, chest pain, or racing of the heart.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) a type of anxiety disorders characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, feelings (obsessions), or repetitive acts (compulsions).

Phobia a persistent, irrational fear of something specific.

Agoraphobia Fear of open spaces, of being outside, or in a public place.

Archnophobia

• Fear of spiders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9P-9DF214o

Psychological Disorders Disorder Definition

Anorexia Nervosa eating disorder primarily seen in teenagers

characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat

Neurasthenia nervous condition characterized by chronic

weakness, fatigue, and sometimes

exhaustion.

Autism characterized by withdrawal and impaired

development in social interaction and

communication

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD),

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Disorder (ADHD)

characterized by short attention span, poor

communication, and in ADHD, hyperactivity

Alzheimer Disease a progressive mental deterioration with

several characteristics, including

confusion, memory failure, disorientation,

restlessness, and inability to carry out

purposeful movement, The symptoms

worsen with age.

Exercise 10

Chapter 13

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions 1

Intervention Definition

craniotomy any surgical opening into the skull

cranioplasty surgical repair of the skull after surgery or injury to the skull

shunts • passages or bypasses between 2 vessels • are used to redirect CSF from one area to

another using a tube or an implanted device

Stereotactic Radiosurgery • involves closed-skull destruction of a target (e.g. tumor)

using ionizing radiation.

• The patient’s head is held in a frame.

• In a gamma knife procedure, a high dose of radiation is delivered to precisely targeted tumor tissue.

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions 2

Intervention Definition

Neuroplasty plastic surgery to repair a nerve or nerves

Neurorrhaphy suturing of a cut nerve

Neurolysis several meanings: • release of a nerve sheath by cutting it

longitudinally • surgery to break up adhesions surrounding a

nerve • relief of tension on a nerve • disintegration of nerve tissue

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions 3 Intervention Definition

Nerve Block used to reduce pain by temporarily blocking transmission of nerve impulses. Can be used short term (after surgery) or long term (for chronic pain)

Analgesics agents that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

Hypnotics drugs often used as sedatives to produce a calming effect

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

• method of pain control by the application of electrical impulses to the nerve endings

• pain signals to the brain are blocked by electrical impulses generated by a stimulator attached to electrodes on the skin

Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions 4

Intervention Definition

Anticonvulsants relieve or prevent convulsions

Antipyretics reduce fever

Antiparkinsonian drugs used to treat Parkinson disease

Exercise 11

Chapter 13 SELF TEST

Chapter 13 SELF TEST

Chapter 13 SELF TEST Answers

Any Questions? Any Comments?

Any Answers??