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Chapter Seven
Developing Supporting
Material
Chapter Seven
Table of ContentsTypes of Supporting MaterialLocating Supporting MaterialOrganizing and Documenting Source
MaterialCritically Evaluating Sources*
Types of Supporting Material
ExamplesNarratives TestimonyFacts and
Statistics*
Types of Supporting Material:
Examples
Illustrations, descriptions, or representations: brief example- a single illustration of a
speaker’s point. extended example- multifaceted
illustration of an idea, item, or event being described.
hypothetical example- illustration of a point made by describing something that could happen in the future.*
Types of Supporting Material:
Narratives
Stories, both real and imaginative.
Forms: fairy tales legends religious
narratives myths*
Types of Supporting Material:
Narratives
Essential storytelling elements: plot characters setting timeline
Anecdote short story of an interesting, humorous,
or real-life incident.*
Types of Supporting Material:
Testimony
Firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and opinions that directly support a fact or an assertion. expert testimony- by professionals who
have been trained to evaluate or report on a given topic.
lay testimony- by non-experts who have witnessed or experienced events related to the subject under consideration.*
Types of Supporting Material:
Testimony
Credibility is keyThe speaker must
establish credibility establish the
reputation of the source.
cite the source’s name, title, and relevance to the topic.*
Types of Supporting Material:
Facts and Statistics
Facts- documented occurrences that include events, dates, times, people, and places.
Statistics- data expressed in numerical form. descriptive statistics- data or information
that characterize a group or classification. inferential statistics- data collected from
a sample or representative group and generalized to a larger population.*
Locating Supporting Material
Getting StartedPrimary Research:
Interviews and Surveys
Secondary Resources: Print, Electronically Stored and Online Sources*
Locating Supporting Material
primary research- original or firsthand research conducted by the speaker.
secondary research- the vast body of information gathered by others.*
Locating Supporting Material:
Getting Started
Focus on the purpose of your speech.
Develop a thesis statement.
Evaluate resources.
Decide on research methods.*
Locating Supporting Material:
Primary Research: Interviews and Surveys
Interviews planning the
questions phrasing the
questions recording the
interview conducting the
interview
Surveys especially useful
for topics related to the attitudes, values, and beliefs of people in your immediate environment.*
Locating Supporting Material:
Secondary Resources
Database- a “base” or place in which information is stored, such as books or computers.*
Locating Supporting Material:
Secondary Resources
Reference DeskCard or Online
CatalogBooks
Books of Quotations
Poetry CollectionsAtlases
NewspapersPeriodicalsEncyclopedias
AlmanacsGovernment
PublicationsBiographical
Resources*
Organizing and Documenting:
Source Material
Bibliography APA Method MLA Method Chicago Style
Method*
Organizing and Documenting:
Source Material
Elements: names of authors/editors title of publication volume or edition number name of publisher place of publication publication date and year page numbers*
Critically Evaluating Sources
Strive to use original sources Developing
Conclusions Beware of Errors in
Data Interpretation*
Critically Evaluating Sources:
Developing Conclusions
Acknowledge viewpoints when they are relevant.
Include sufficient quantity and quality of evidence to substantiate your claim.*
Critically Evaluating Sources:
Developing Conclusions
Does the supporting material actually say what you think it says?*
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