chem powerpoint

PETA 2.2 “ABUSE ME AND YOU’LL SEE”

CHEMISTRY

IntroductionWe are familiar with some elements

because we discuss them at school, but we don’t know the effects of it when we are exposed to them. Our group did a research about some elements that can be harmful to our environment and our health especially when abused. In this presentation we are going to show you some information about these elements and its effects both in our health and in our environment.

10 HARMFUL ELEMENTSMercury

Lithium

Sodium

Gold

Tin

Bromine

Cadmium

Uranium

Lead

Sulfur

MERCURYa chemical element with the symbol

Hg and atomic number 80is the only common metal which is

liquid at room temperatureMercury is used in Thermometers,

Barometers, Batteries, Paints, Pesticides, Detonators, etc.

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSWhen Mercury was taken in through

air, this can cause several harmful effects especially to human health like these of the following: Nerve, brain & kidney damage.Lung & eye irritation.Allergic reactions which results to Skin

Rashes and headaches. DNA damage and chromosomal damage.Negative reproductive effects such as

birth defects and miscarriages.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSMercury from soils can accumulate in

Mushrooms.Other harmful effects to Animals as

Mercury is converted into Methyl Mercury are the following:Nerve & kidney damage.Stomach disruption.Damage to intestines.Reproductive failure.DNA alterations.

LITHIUMfrom the Greek word lithus, or stone,

it goes with the symbol Li and its atomic number 3

It is also the lightest in weight of all metals.

When alloyed with Aluminum, finds great use in aircraft construction.

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSLithium is dangerous and toxic to

humans, but it is also important to recognize that Lithium salts are used as mood stabilizers for treatments like bipolar disorder. Here are some harmful effects of Lithium to human health: Vomiting, Nausea, Shock or collapse.Lung oedema (due to inhalation of the

substance)Abdominal cramps, abdominal pain &

burning sensation

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSAs Metallic Lithium will react with

nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour in air. It is extremely hazardous because it probably gives off a very bad effect to the Environment especially as poisoning the air.

SODIUMis a chemical element with symbol Na

and atomic number 11 is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive

metal and is a member of the alkali metals

reacts quickly with water, and also with snow and ice, to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSToo much sodium can damage our kidneys and

increases the chances of high blood pressure. Contact of sodium with water, including

perspiration causes the formation of sodium hydroxide fumes, which are highly irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. This may cause sneezing and coughing. Very severe exposures may result in difficult breathing, coughing and chemical bronchitis. Contact to the skin may cause itching, tingling, thermal and caustic burns and permanent damage. Contact with eyes may result in permanent damage and loss of sight.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSSodium's powdered form is highly

explosive in water and a poison combined and uncombined with many other elements.

This chemical is not mobile in solid form, although it absorbs moisture very easily. Once liquid, sodium hydroxide leaches rapidly into the soil, possibly contaminating water sources.

GOLD is a chemical element with the

symbol Au and atomic number 79 is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and

ductile metalis metallic, with a yellow colour when in a

mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple

It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents.

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSEffects of exposure: 

Inhalation: May cause irritation if exposure is prolonged or excessive.

Ingestion: No adverse effects expected. Skin: May cause irritation and allergic

reaction. Eye: May cause irritation.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSThe biodegradation of gold under

aerobic conditions is expected to be very poor and there is no evidence to suggest it creates ecological problems when released into the environment.

Since gold is insoluble, it is believed to have minimal bioaccumulation and bioavailability characteristics.

TINThe Atomic Number of this element is

50 and the chemical symbol is Sn. is a soft, pliable, silvery-white metalis not easily oxidized and resists

corrosion because it is protected by an oxide film

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS Humans can absorb tin bonds through food and breathing and through

the skin. The uptake of tin bonds can cause acute effects as well as long-term

effects. Acute effects are:

Eye and skin irritations Headaches Stomach aches Sickness and dizziness Severe sweating Breathlessness Urination problems

Long-term effects are: Depressions Liver damage Malfunctioning of immune systems Chromosomal damage Shortage of red blood cells Brain damage (causing anger, sleeping disorders, forgetfulness and

headaches)

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSTributyltins are the most toxic tin

components to fish and fungi, whereas trifenyltin is much more toxic to phytoplankton.

Organic tins are known to disturb growth, reproduction, enzymatic systems and feeding patterns of aquatic organisms.

BROMINEis a chemical element with the

symbol Br, and atomic number of 35A heavy, volatile, corrosive, reddish-

brown, non-metallic liquid element, having a highly irritating vapor.

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSThe uptake of organic bromine takes

place through food, through breathing and through the skin.

These can damage the nerve system when high doses are absorbed.

Bromine is corrosive to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapors irritate eyes and throat.

Bromine vapors are very toxic with inhalation.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSOrganic bromines are often applied as

disinfecting and protecting agents, due to their damaging effects on microorganisms.

When they are applied in greenhouses and on farmland they can easily rinse off to surface water, which has very negative health effects on daphnia, fishes, lobsters and algae.

CADMIUMis a chemical element with the

symbol Cd and atomic number 48is a lustrous, silver-white, ductile, very

malleable metalIts surface has a bluish tinge and the

metal is soft enough to be cut with a knife, but it tarnishes in air

It is soluble in acids but not in alkalis

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSHuman uptake of cadmium takes place mainly through

food. Foodstuffs that are rich in cadmium can greatly increase the cadmium concentration in human bodies.

Other health effects that can be caused by cadmium are: Diarrhea, stomach pains and severe vomiting Bone fracture Reproductive failure and possibly even infertility Damage to the central nervous system Damage to the immune system Psychological disorders Possibly DNA damage or cancer development

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSCadmium waste streams from the industries

mainly end up in soils. The causes of these waste streams are for instance zinc production, phosphate ore implication and bio industrial manure.

Cadmium waste streams may also enter the air through (household) waste combustion and burning of fossil fuels.

Cadmium can be transported over great distances when it is absorbed by sludge. This cadmium-rich sludge can pollute surface waters as well as soils.

URANIUMis a silvery-white metallic chemical

element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with symbol U and atomic number 92

is a hard, dense, malleable, ductile, silver-white, radioactive metalUranium metal has very high density

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSScientists have detected no harmful

radiation effects of natural levels of uranium. However, chemical effects may occur after the uptake of large amounts of uranium and these can cause health effects such as kidney disease.

The chances of getting cancer are much higher when people are exposed to enriched uranium, because that is a more radioactive form of uranium.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSWhile uranium itself is not particularly dangerous,

some of its decay products do pose a threat, especially radon, which can build up in confined spaces such as basements.

Uranium in air exists as dust that will fall into surface water, on plants or on soils through settling or rainfall. It will than sink to the sediment in water or to the lower soil layers, where it will mix with uranium that is already present.

Uranium concentrations are often higher in phosphate-rich soil, but this does not have to be a problem, because concentrations often do not exceed normal ranges for uncontaminated soil.

LEADis a chemical element in the carbon

group with symbol Pb and atomic number 82

is a bluish-white lustrous metalit is very soft, highly malleable,

ductile, and a relatively poor conductor of electricity

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS It can enter the human body through uptake of food

(65%), water (20%) and air (15%)Lead can cause several unwanted effects, such as:

Disruption of the biosynthesis of haemoglobin and anaemia

A rise in blood pressure Kidney damage Miscarriages and subtle abortions Disruption of nervous systems Brain damage Declined fertility of men through sperm damage Diminished learning abilities of children Behavioural disruptions of children, such as aggression,

impulsive behavior and hyperactivity

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSNot only leaded gasoline causes lead concentrations

in the environment to rise. Other human activities, such as fuel combustion, industrial processes and solid waste combustion, also contribute.

Lead accumulates in the bodies of water organisms and soil organisms.

Soil functions are disturbed by lead intervention, especially near highways and farmlands, where extreme concentrations may be present.

Lead is a particularly dangerous chemical, as it can accumulate in individual organisms, but also in entire food chains.

SULFURis a chemical element with

symbol S and atomic number 16a multivalent non-metal, abundant,

tasteless and odorlessIn its native form sulfur is a yellow

crystalline solid is infamous for its smell

HEALTH EFFECTSENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTSNeurological effects and behavioural changesDisturbance of blood circulationHeart damageEffects on eyes and eyesightReproductive failureDamage to immune systemsStomach and gastrointestinal disorderDamage to liver and kidney functionsHearing defectsDisturbance of the hormonal metabolismDermatological effectsSuffocation and lung embolism

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSIt can cause irritations of the eyes and the

throat with animals, when the uptake takes place through inhalation of sulfur in the gaseous phase

The damaging effects of sulfur with animals are mostly brain damage, through malfunctioning of the hypothalamus, and damage to the nervous system.

Sulfur can damage the internal enzyme systems of animals.

ConclusionThese elements are used in our daily

lives. We use them for free; therefore, we should not abuse them. If we abused using them, we might not want the consequences of our actions. Elements have their good and bad effects. We should know when to use them or stop using them. We should know the limits of these elements.

Group 9 III-St. CatherineMasangcay, SelinaMoraga, MichaelaOng, ErichOng, MilliscentPanaga, Vanessa

PeTa 2.2 ChemistryMrs. Evelyn Gregorio(Subject teacher)