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CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?
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PARTS OF PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. Heart1. Heart– Function:Function:
2. Blood Vessels2. Blood Vessels– Includes:Includes:
3. Blood3. Blood– Consists of:Consists of:
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
What is the function of the What is the function of the circulatory system?circulatory system?
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The function of any circulatory system is The function of any circulatory system is to:to:– To move blood/materials throughout the body.To move blood/materials throughout the body.– To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. – To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and
from the cells.from the cells.– To transfer heat to and from the body.To transfer heat to and from the body.– To carry antibodies.To carry antibodies.– To carry hormones from glands to targets.To carry hormones from glands to targets.– To move wastes away from cells.To move wastes away from cells.
THREE TYPES OF THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
1. Coronary1. Coronary– Blood flow to and from the heart.Blood flow to and from the heart.
THREE TYPES OF THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
2. Pulmonary2. Pulmonary– Blood flow to and from the lungs.Blood flow to and from the lungs.
THREE TYPES OF THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
3. Systemic 3. Systemic – Blood flow to and from the systems of Blood flow to and from the systems of
the body.the body. Ex. Ex.
THE STRUCTURES OF THE THE STRUCTURES OF THE HEARTHEART
THE HEARTTHE HEART
HEARTHEART
Square Heart ModelSquare Heart Model
STRUCTURES OF THE HEARTSTRUCTURES OF THE HEART
Heart has 4 chambersHeart has 4 chambers– Left AtriumLeft Atrium– Left VentricleLeft Ventricle
SEPTUMSEPTUM
– Right AtriumRight Atrium– Right VentricleRight Ventricle
HEART VALVESHEART VALVES
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
AArteriesrteries
– Carry blood Carry blood aaway from the heart.way from the heart.
VeinsVeins– Carry blood towards the heart.Carry blood towards the heart.
KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEARTTHE HEART
Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary VeinPulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein– Definition: Definition:
Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena CavaCava– Definition:Definition:
AortaAorta– Definition: Definition:
PATHWAY OF BLOOD PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEARTTHROUGH THE HEART
R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle -> R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle ->
Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs ->
Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. VentricleVentricle
-> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava --> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava -> >
R. Atrium…R. Atrium…
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
ArteriesArteries– Have muscular wallsHave muscular walls– Larger blood vesselsLarger blood vessels– Aorta is largest artery in the heartAorta is largest artery in the heart– Arteries move blood away from the Arteries move blood away from the
heartheart
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
VeinsVeins– Carry Blood to the heartCarry Blood to the heart– Thin walledThin walled– Less muscular than arteriesLess muscular than arteries– Contains valves to prevent the back-flow Contains valves to prevent the back-flow
of bloodof blood
BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS
CapillariesCapillaries– Smallest blood vesselsSmallest blood vessels– Connects arteries to veinsConnects arteries to veins– Site of exchange of materialsSite of exchange of materials
CAPILLARIESCAPILLARIES
Area where every cell is touched by Area where every cell is touched by bloodblood
PULSEPULSE
Rhythm of heart contractions felt in Rhythm of heart contractions felt in arteries.arteries.
A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat.the heartbeat.– Average is 65-80 beats per minute Average is 65-80 beats per minute
(BPM)(BPM)
BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE
Pressure of blood on walls of arteries.Pressure of blood on walls of arteries. Consists of 2 numbers:Consists of 2 numbers:
– SystolicSystolic Pressure reading when heart muscles Pressure reading when heart muscles
contractcontract
– DiastolicDiastolic Pressure reading when heart muscles relaxPressure reading when heart muscles relax
BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE
Average readings taken with a Average readings taken with a sphygmomanometersphygmomanometer– Normal is 120/80Normal is 120/80
Blood pressure is affected by:Blood pressure is affected by:
Hypertension is high blood pressure.Hypertension is high blood pressure.
EKGEKG
ElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogram– Graphs the electrical activity of the Graphs the electrical activity of the
heart muscleheart muscle
Cardiovascular DisordersCardiovascular Disorders
Heart AttackHeart Attack– Failure of heart muscle due to many causes, Failure of heart muscle due to many causes,
such as:such as: Lack of oxygen or nutrients being deliveredLack of oxygen or nutrients being delivered Damage to the musclesDamage to the muscles Blockage of blood vesselsBlockage of blood vessels
– SymptomsSymptoms Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood
vessels)vessels) Left arm numbnessLeft arm numbness Out of breathOut of breath
Cardiovascular DisordersCardiovascular Disorders
StrokeStroke– Blood clot or broken blood vessel in Blood clot or broken blood vessel in
brainbrain– Blood flow is restrictedBlood flow is restricted– Brain does not function properlyBrain does not function properly
Cardiovascular DisorderCardiovascular Disorder
AneurysmAneurysm– Broken blood vesselBroken blood vessel
DisordersDisorders
HypertensionHypertension Heart AttackHeart Attack StrokeStroke AneurysmAneurysm AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis Coronary ThrombosisCoronary Thrombosis
Cardiovascular DisordersCardiovascular Disorders
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis– Scarring of artery tissueScarring of artery tissue– Cholesterol builds up on the scar tissueCholesterol builds up on the scar tissue
Cardiovascular DisordersCardiovascular Disorders
Coronary ThrombosisCoronary Thrombosis– A blood clot in the blood vessels of the A blood clot in the blood vessels of the
heart.heart.– Blocks blood flowBlocks blood flow
QuestionsQuestions
Why does a doctor draw blood?Why does a doctor draw blood?
Where does a doctor draw blood Where does a doctor draw blood from?from?
What kinds of things show up on a What kinds of things show up on a blood test?blood test?
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE BLOODBLOOD
What are the 4 parts of the blood?What are the 4 parts of the blood?– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlateletsPlatelets– PlasmaPlasma– White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
COMPONENTS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE BLOODBLOOD
Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells
Facts:Facts:– Carry OXYGEN Carry OXYGEN – Contain HEMOGLOBINContain HEMOGLOBIN– Made in BONE MARROWMade in BONE MARROW– Live approx. 120 daysLive approx. 120 days
Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells
Disorders:Disorders:– AnemiaAnemia
RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to lack of iron within the hemoglobinlack of iron within the hemoglobin
Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells
Name another form of anemia that we haveName another form of anemia that we have
discussed already, this year._________________discussed already, this year._________________
PlateletsPlatelets
Makes blood clotMakes blood clot– Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein) Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein)
that forms a “net” around a cut to stop that forms a “net” around a cut to stop bleedingbleeding
PlateletsPlatelets
PlateletsPlatelets
Disorders:Disorders:– HemophiliaHemophilia
PlasmaPlasma
PlasmaPlasma
Liquid part of the bloodLiquid part of the blood Consists mostly of waterConsists mostly of water ““River” of lifeRiver” of life
– Carries cells and materialsCarries cells and materials
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
Made in BONE MARROWMade in BONE MARROW Fight infection by causing an immune Fight infection by causing an immune
response.response. Known as phagocytes because they Known as phagocytes because they
____________ bacteria. ____________ bacteria.
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis– attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)
White Blood Cells & White Blood Cells & ImmunityImmunity
Another type of White Blood Cell is Another type of White Blood Cell is called a LYMPHOCYTE.called a LYMPHOCYTE.– Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES
Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign invadersinvaders
– Antibodies DESTROY AntigensAntibodies DESTROY Antigens Another word for Antigen is PATHOGENAnother word for Antigen is PATHOGEN
Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens
ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTIONREACTION
ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTIONREACTION
DISORDERS OF WBC’sDISORDERS OF WBC’s
LeukemiaLeukemia– Also called blood cancerAlso called blood cancer– Too many white blood cellsToo many white blood cells– Treatments may include:Treatments may include:
ChemotherapyChemotherapy RadiationRadiation Bone Marrow TransplantBone Marrow Transplant
DISORDERS OF WBC’sDISORDERS OF WBC’s
AIDSAIDS– A_________ I________D_______S_________A_________ I________D_______S_________– Attacks WBC’s, weakening immunityAttacks WBC’s, weakening immunity– HIV is the virus that causes AIDSHIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency VirusHuman Immunodeficiency Virus
– Transmitted by:Transmitted by: Unprotected sexUnprotected sex Blood ExchangeBlood Exchange Shared NeedlesShared Needles Mother to child***Mother to child***
Types of ImmunityTypes of Immunity
Inborn/Passive ImmunityInborn/Passive Immunity– Antibodies you are born with.Antibodies you are born with.
Passed from a mother to her unborn child. Passed from a mother to her unborn child. (in vitro) (in vitro)
– OR it can be temporary, such as from a OR it can be temporary, such as from a mother to a baby, through mother to a baby, through breastfeeding.breastfeeding.
Types of ImmunityTypes of Immunity
Acquired/Active ImmunityAcquired/Active Immunity– Develops during a lifetime from Develops during a lifetime from
exposure to diseaseexposure to disease– The body produces antibodies to fight The body produces antibodies to fight
infectioninfection– OR a VACCINE is givenOR a VACCINE is given
Chicken PoxChicken Pox
VaccinesVaccines
How a vaccine is created/works:How a vaccine is created/works:– 1. Obtain pathogen1. Obtain pathogen– 2. Kill or weaken the pathogen2. Kill or weaken the pathogen– 3. Inject into human3. Inject into human– 4. Body produces antibodies 4. Body produces antibodies
AllergiesAllergies
An allergic reaction is the body’s An allergic reaction is the body’s immune response to an antigen. (like immune response to an antigen. (like dust)dust)– Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery
eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, or more life threatening reactionsor more life threatening reactions
BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES
4 Blood Types:4 Blood Types:
Universal Donor is:Universal Donor is:
Universal Recipient is:Universal Recipient is:
BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES
TypeType Antigen Antigen (Protein)(Protein)
AntibodiesAntibodies
AA AA Anti-BAnti-B
BB BB Anti-AAnti-A
ABAB A and BA and B NONENONE
OO NONENONE Anti-A & Anti-Anti-A & Anti-BB
BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES
DRAWINGDRAWING
BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES
LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Lymph is intercellular fluid (a Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that is found around all cellsplasma) that is found around all cells
• The lymphatic system is a system of The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that carries lymph.vessels that carries lymph.
LYMPHLYMPH
Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and glyceroland glycerol– Fatty acids and glycerol are the building Fatty acids and glycerol are the building
blocks of __________.blocks of __________.
Lymph helps to keep your Lymph helps to keep your intercellular spaces clean and intercellular spaces clean and disease free.disease free.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Blood vessels carry ____________Blood vessels carry ____________ Lymph vessels carry ___________Lymph vessels carry ___________
The lymphatic vessels have nodes The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands) that make lymph(glands) that make lymph– Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the
armsarms
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