civil war and reconstruction. southern society: conservative, traditional, slavery, honor ► most...
Post on 25-Dec-2015
222 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Civil War and Civil War and ReconstructionReconstruction
Southern societySouthern society: conservative, : conservative, traditional, slavery, traditional, slavery, honorhonor
►Most Most southernerssoutherners were farmers. were farmers.
►A slave-owning A slave-owning planter planter minorityminority dominated dominated southern societysouthern society..
Prom night in Kentucky 2004:Prom night in Kentucky 2004:What does this have to do with What does this have to do with
the Civil War? the Civil War?
““King Cotton”King Cotton” : Cotton is : Cotton is kingking in in the souththe south
► Cotton Gin: Eli Cotton Gin: Eli WhitneyWhitney
► A person could clean A person could clean much more cotton much more cotton than by hand.than by hand.
► Increased demand Increased demand for slaves as more for slaves as more cotton could be cotton could be grown and grown and processedprocessed
The Cotton BeltThe Cotton Belt: causing slave : causing slave owners to move westwardowners to move westward
Causes of the Civil War:Causes of the Civil War:sectional tensionssectional tensions lead to war lead to war
►3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise►Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri Compromise (1820) ►NullificationNullification►Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850►Kansas - Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas - Nebraska Act (1854)► Dred Scott decision (1857) Dred Scott decision (1857) ►Election of 1860 Election of 1860
Three – fifths Three – fifths compromisecompromise
Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820)(1820)
NullificationNullification
►Nullification is a constitutional Nullification is a constitutional theory that gives an individual state theory that gives an individual state the right to declare the right to declare null and voidnull and void any law passed by the United any law passed by the United States CongressStates Congress
The Dred Scott Case (1857)The Dred Scott Case (1857)
► Taken by his master Taken by his master into free territory into free territory
► Supreme Court Supreme Court decision outrages decision outrages northernersnortherners
Supreme Court decision increases Supreme Court decision increases sectional tensionsectional tension between north between north
and southand south► ““We think ... [that Negroes] ... are not included, We think ... [that Negroes] ... are not included,
and were not intended to be included, under the and were not intended to be included, under the word “citizens” in the Constitution, and can word “citizens” in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held theprivileges but such as those who held the power power and the Government might choose to grant and the Government might choose to grant them.”them.”
The The Dred ScottDred Scott ruling: Why would this make ruling: Why would this make it harder for the north and south to it harder for the north and south to
compromise over the issue of slavery?compromise over the issue of slavery?
►Ruled that because Scott was a slave, Ruled that because Scott was a slave, he was not a citizen and could not sue.he was not a citizen and could not sue.
►Congress had no power to regulate Congress had no power to regulate slavery in the territoriesslavery in the territories
►Free states could not prevent slavery Free states could not prevent slavery fromfrom
Spreading into free areasSpreading into free areas
Election of 1860Election of 1860
Immediate Cause of WarImmediate Cause of War::John Brown’s raid on Harper’s John Brown’s raid on Harper’s
FerryFerry► Convicted of murder Convicted of murder
and hanged. and hanged.
THE WAR THAT TURNED THE WAR THAT TURNED ““BROTHERBROTHER AGAINST AGAINST BROTHERBROTHER” ” ►LINCOLN’S MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO LINCOLN’S MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO
SAVE THE UNIONSAVE THE UNION, , NOTNOT END END SLAVERYSLAVERY..
►NORTH SEEMED TO HAVE MORE NORTH SEEMED TO HAVE MORE ADVANTAGES BUT LINCOLN HAD ADVANTAGES BUT LINCOLN HAD PROBLEMS WITH HIS GENERALS, SO PROBLEMS WITH HIS GENERALS, SO THE NORTH DID BADLY AT FIRST.THE NORTH DID BADLY AT FIRST.
What this war was really What this war was really aboutabout
►The North said this was a war to The North said this was a war to “save the union.”“save the union.”
►The South said the war was about The South said the war was about “states rights.” “states rights.”
►The Civil war was really about The Civil war was really about SLAVERYSLAVERY
CIVIL WAR 1861 - 1865CIVIL WAR 1861 - 1865
►President Lincoln was elected to two President Lincoln was elected to two terms as President:terms as President:
• 1860 – 18641860 – 1864• 1865 –1865 –AssassinatedAssassinated by John Wilkes by John Wilkes
Booth at Ford’s Theater. Booth at Ford’s Theater. • South Carolina was the first state to South Carolina was the first state to
secedesecede
Union (North) Union (North) Confederacy Confederacy (South)(South)United States Confederate United States Confederate States of States of America “Dixie” America “Dixie”
Two Countries, Two Presidents Two Countries, Two Presidents Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln Jefferson Jefferson
DavisDavis
Lincoln’s generals did not want to fight!Lincoln’s generals did not want to fight!McClellan McClellan is replaced by is replaced by BurnsideBurnside
Southern (Confederate) GeneralSouthern (Confederate) GeneralRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
ShermanSherman and and GrantGrant::Believers in Believers in Total WarTotal War
Total war = destroy civilian Total war = destroy civilian areasareas
Making a run for the union Making a run for the union lineslines
WAR IS HELL:WAR IS HELL:ANDERSONVILLE PRISONANDERSONVILLE PRISON
GETTYSBURGGETTYSBURG: : The Turning The Turning PointPoint: : 50,00050,000 KILLED, INJURED KILLED, INJURED
OR MISSINGOR MISSING►TURNING POINT IN TURNING POINT IN
WAR IN UNION’S WAR IN UNION’S (NORTH) FAVOR(NORTH) FAVOR
►Started with Started with Confederates Confederates looking for looking for shoes!shoes!
LincolnLincoln at Gettysburg: at Gettysburg: November 1863 November 1863
1862: 1862: Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation
Lee surrenders to Grant: Lee surrenders to Grant: Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse
April 1865April 1865
Lincoln is assassinated and unable to Lincoln is assassinated and unable to implement his Reconstruction Plan, which was implement his Reconstruction Plan, which was fairly fairly lenientlenient toward the former Confederate toward the former Confederate
statesstates
ReconstructionReconstruction: 1865 – 1877:: 1865 – 1877:How can this nation be put back How can this nation be put back
together?together? ►WhoWho will rule in the south? will rule in the south?
►WhoWho will rule in the federal will rule in the federal government? government?
►WhatWhat will be the conditions that will be the conditions that African-Americans will live under? African-Americans will live under?
What are some issues that What are some issues that would need to be dealt with would need to be dealt with
after the Civil War? after the Civil War? ►People with no homesPeople with no homes►Angry white men stripped of “honor” Angry white men stripped of “honor” ►Economy and how will people eat? Economy and how will people eat? ►Angry black people- no homes, etcAngry black people- no homes, etc►South is poor and not very South is poor and not very
industrializedindustrialized
Problems after the Civil WarProblems after the Civil War
►How to help the former slavesHow to help the former slaves►How to bring back Confederate states How to bring back Confederate states
into the unioninto the union►How to rebuild the southHow to rebuild the south►How to deal with the fact that Lincoln, How to deal with the fact that Lincoln,
Johnson and Congress all had different Johnson and Congress all had different ideas for Reconstruction.ideas for Reconstruction.
The “failure” of The “failure” of ReconstructionReconstruction
►By the end of the 19By the end of the 19thth century (1800’s) century (1800’s) many African –Americans will find many African –Americans will find themselves in similar conditions to what themselves in similar conditions to what they experienced they experienced beforebefore the Civil War the Civil War
►A few will be able to move into the A few will be able to move into the middle class. middle class.
►Some historians will argue that the Some historians will argue that the Reconstruction Reconstruction years helped lay the years helped lay the foundation for later success in civil rights foundation for later success in civil rights
THERE WAS A GROWING BLACK MIDDLE CLASS DURING THE
PROGRESSIVE ERA
However, many African –Americans However, many African –Americans find themselves in circumstances as find themselves in circumstances as
bad and sometimes bad and sometimes worseworse than than slavery= sharecroppingslavery= sharecropping
Thomas Nast cartoon: Thomas Nast cartoon: Worse than SlaveryWorse than Slavery
JIM CROW LAWS: LEGALIZED SEGREGATION
FREDERICK DOUGLAS WAS WIDELY REGARDED AS
THE LEADER AND SPOKESMAN FOR THE
BLACK COMMUNITY UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1895.
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON ASSUMED DOUGLAS’S
ROLE BUT WAS CHALLENGED BY W.E.B. DuBOIS. THE TWO HAD
DIFFERING IDEAS ON HOW BLACK AMERICANS
SHOULD DEAL WITH THE RACISM AND LACK OF
OPPORTUNITY.
AFRO-AMERICAN LEADERS
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
W.E.B. DuBOIS
What accounted for this failure?: What accounted for this failure?: That is our topic! That is our topic!
top related