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Clinical Aspects of Medical Radia2on Physics
Rebecca Guidry, M.S., DABR Clinical Medical Physicist
Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center
What is Medical Physics?
• A medical physicist is a professional who specializes in the applica2on of the concepts and methods of physics to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.
• Therapeu2c Physics • Diagnos2c Physics • Nuclear Physics • Medical Health Physics
Therapeu2c Radiological Physics
• The therapeu2c applica2ons of x-‐ray, gamma ray, neutron, electron, and charged par2cle beams, and radia2on from sealed radionuclide sources.
• The equipment associated with their produc2on, use, measurement and evalua2on. The quality of images resul2ng from their produc2on and use.
• Medical Health Physics
Cell Killing By Ionizing Radia2on
Diagnos2c Radiological Physics
• The diagnos2c applica2ons of x-‐rays, gamma rays from sealed sources, ultrasonic radia2on, and radio frequency radia2on and magne2c fields.
• The equipment associa2on with their produc2on, use, measurement and evalua2on.
• The quality of images resul2ng from their produc2on and use.
• Medical Health Physics
Discovery of X-‐rays • On 8 Nov 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (accidentally) discovered an
image cast from his cathode ray generator.
Diagnos2cs
• X-‐ray Machines • Fluoroscopy • Computerized Tomography-‐CT Scanner • Magne2c Resonance Imager-‐ MRI • MR Spectroscopy • Positron Emission-‐PET Scanner • CT-‐PET Scanner
Medical Nuclear Physics
• The therapeu2c and diagnos2c applica2ons of radionuclides in unsealed sources
• The equipment associa2on with their produc2on, use, measurement, and evalua2on.
• The quality of images resul2ng from their produc2on and use.
• Medical Health Physics
Nuclear Medicine
• Radioac2ve Materials injected or ingested • Radioac2vity yields images of func2on
• Fused MRI/NMI
Gamma Camera Scan
Medical Health Physics
• The safe use of x-‐ray, gamma ray, neutron, electron and other charged par2cle beams or radionuclides in medicine (for diagnos2c or therapeu2c purposes).
• The instrumenta2on required to perform appropriate radia2on surveys.
• Radia2on Safety Officer
Emergency Management of Radia2on Casual2es
Radia2on Exposure/Contamina2on
• Accidents • Nuclear reactor • Industrial irradiator • Lost/stolen sources • Transporta2on • Medical radia2on • Terrorist Event
Radia2on Doses and Dose Limits
• Flights—LA to London 5 mrem • Annual Public dose limit 100 mrem • Natural Background annual 300 mrem • Heart Catheriza2on, Barium enema, Chest X-‐ray, fetal dose limit, radia2on worker limit…
• Governs worker safety, pa2ent safety, staff safety, general public safety
Primary Discipline
76%
15%
3% 4% 1%1%
Radiation Therapy
Imaging Physics
Nuclear Medicine
Health Physics
Engineering
Administration
Primary Responsibility
78%
8%
5%3% 4% 2%
Clinical
Academic
Research
Administrative
Regulatory
ProductDevelopment
Clinical Responsibili2es
• Daily clinical support • Equipment acquisi2ons • Site planning • Quality assurance-‐d-‐w-‐m-‐a • Dose calcula2ons • Liaison between other medical professionals, manufacturers, regulatory agencies
• Development, inves2gate, scien2fic research
Professional Training
• MS or PhD in Medical Physics • MS or PhD in physics or related discipline with post-‐graduate academic training in medical physics
CLINICAL TRAINING • Residency in clinical medical physics-‐CAMPEP BOARD ELIGIBILITY 2014 • Must have CAMPEP approved residency
LSU Medical Physics Program
• Phys.lsu.edu – Medical Physics & Health Physics Program – Graduate Program – CAMPEP Accredited – Curriculum-‐Health Physics or Medical Physics
• Marybird.org-‐ Medical Physics Program – Graduate Training Program – Residency Training Program
Total AAPM Membership
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