co-generation and district heating systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Co-generation and District Heating Systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy

Erik Larsson

Manager, Energy Policy

Swedish District Heating Association

2008-11-07 1

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

District Heating in Sweden

● 9 million inhabitants

● 50 TWh district heating

● Almost 50 % of total heat market

● Present in every community with more than 10

000 inhabitants

● More than 600 DH systems

● Still growing

● Turnover 2,7 billion euro

● Competing on the heat market

2008-11-07 2

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Fuel/energy used for District Heating in Sweden 1980 to 2005

0,000

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

TWh

0,0

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

250,0

300,0

350,0

Wood Fuel

Others

Surplut heat ind

Waste

Peat

Heat pump

Electric boilers

Coal

Natural gas

Oil

CO2(kg/MWh)

CO2

2008-11-07 3

Evolution in CO2 emissions globally and in Sweden

Koldioxidutsläpp - historiska uppskattningarIndex, 1900=100

ÅrKälla: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis CenterNot: Avser koldioxidutsläpp från förbränningen av fossila bränslen samt cementtillverkning.

Hämtat: 2008-01-31

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1899 1919 1939 1959 1979 1999

Sverige Globalt

Significant investments in District Heating are launched

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 4

We do not need fossil fuel for heating only!

2008-11-07 58th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Strategic heat sources

2003 flow fromthe five strategic heat sources for district heating inEU-32 (in EJ).Possible supply is approx. 200 timeshigher!

2008-11-07 78th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Source:ECOHEATCOOL project

District heating effects

Doubling the sales of district heat in Europe would

●Reduce primary energy consumption by 2,1 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Sweden)

●Reduce import dependency by 4,5 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Poland)

●Reduce CO2 emissions by 400 mln tons / 9,3% ( Emissions of France from fossil fuel combustion)

2008-11-07 88th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Source:ECOHEATCOOL project

Primary resource factors

Primary resource factors express the ratio between the non-regenerative energy input and final energy used. The lower the PRF of a technology (in operation), the greater its contribution to reduce the use of fossil primary energy

2008-11-07 98th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

To build new passive-houses is easy but how to make this house zero-emitting ?

2008-11-07 108th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Examples of low emitting District Heating

2008-11-07 11

Solar heating connected to District Heating

2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 12

EkstaMalmöOdensbackenFalkenbergSäterKungälvNykvarnBrædstrup, DKMarstal, DK

0,01 % of total Swedish DH

”Geothermal” energy in District Heating

● Defined as energy from the ground or

lakes utilized by heat pumps. (RES dir)

● Average COP of 3,1 heat pumps cover 8

% of Swedish District Heating

● Decreasing because…

● …carbon emissions similar to oil fired

boilers

2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 13

2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 14

Efficiency of production of electric power in EU-27 in years 2000 and 2005

Sundsvall 1968-2008What you don’t see on the picture

Fossil fuels

-80% (in 2012 0% fossil fuels)

Yield from 35% to 80%

CO2 linked to heating and

local electricity production

-75%

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 15

Facts

Population: 95 000

Area: 3 200 km2

After

Before

2008-11-07 198th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

DH/CHP plant in Västerås, Sweden

Block 1+2

Block 3Block 4

Boiler 5

Available Technology and Investments with rapid pay-off

To double the District Heating share in Europe from 7% to 15%:

70 B€ investment

<4years pay-off time

10% reduction in CO2 emissions

would reduce the need for fossil fuel imports to EU of 4,5 EJ/year

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 20

Use money for investing in infrastructure instead of buying

fossil fuels

Substitution of natural gas with district heating based on recycling of industrial surplus, cutting 7% of all CO2 emissions in the city of Varberg in less than 5 years

Varberg, Sweden

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Annual sales, GWh/year

Natural gas

District Heat

Source: Dr Sven Werner Professor, Energy Technology, Halmstad University

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 21

Rapid implementation gives immediate effect on CO2

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Integrated Power, Heat and Pellets production in Skellefteå

Boiler & TurbineCapacity: 64 MW DH; 35 MW electricity

Pellets productionCapacity: 24 t/H Pellets 4,9 MW electricity

Accumulator15 000 m3

2008-11-07 22

Surplus heat and surplus electricity must be recognized

as energyefficiency

Similar integrations can be done with other biofuel plants

8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Environmental improvements due to the Surplus heat utilization -

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

CO2 ton/year NOX kg/year ElectricityMWh/year

Without Surplus heatWith Surplus heat

2008-11-07 23

● The heat is transported from Frövifors Bruk to Frövi, Vedevåg and

Lindesberg over an 18 km long transmission pipeline.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Without Surplusheat

With Surplusheat

BiomassSurplus heatElectricityButaneFuel oil

Losses becomes useful heat

What are the opportunities with District Heating

● Connecting energy sources to energy consumers and

hereby utilize surplus energy from

● Electricity production

● Heavy industry and biofuel plants

● Energy from waste

● Introduce large scale biomass use, solar and

geothermal heating

● Less dependency on imported fossil fuel - money used

for infrastructure – increases the security of supply

2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 25

A few ideas to make it happen...

Definition of clear objectives at the policy level -

Cooperation between policy-makers and industry in the

analysis

Strong participation of the industry in the development of

technical tools and rules

Coherence is a key...

Do not fragmentize – keep Energy Efficiency, RES and CO2

reduction on the table all the time - District Heating do

2008-11-07 268th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest

Conclusion

More info at:www.euroheat.org

www.ecoheatcool.org

Or

erik.larsson@svenskfjarrvarme.se

2008-11-07 298th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest