complex molecules (macromolecules) 2012. what is an atom? smallestparticle of an element building...
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Complex Molecules(Macromolecules)
2012
What is an atom?
• smallest Particle of an element
• building blocks of all matter
What are some examples of elements?
• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus
Particles of an Atom
• Particle Charge
• Proton positive
• Electron negative
• Neutron none
What is a molecule?
• A substance that is composed of 2 or more same or different elements
• Example:– Oxygen (O2)– Water (H2O)
Charged atoms that
attract
Sharing Electrons
electrons
Covalent
Gains/Loses Electrons
Bonds ReviewIonic
No Charge
Make molecules/compounds
Ex: water (H2O)
Ex: Table Salt(NaCl)
Weaker Strong
What is a chemical reaction in life?
• Chemical reactions inside the cell and occur within an organism are called -__metabolism__
Compounds Essential to All Living Organisms
Inorganic – Organic -
Composed of non living things
Composed of living things
Inorganic Compound
Water is an essential inorganic compound Properties of Water
1.
2.
3.
4.
Water is polar
Water has capillary action
Water resists temperature change
Water expands when it freezes
Organic: BiomoleculesA. Cells build with small moleculesB. living thingsC. contain carbon
Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Categories of compounds
Types of Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates: ROLE: chemical compounds that are used
to storeor consume energyBuilding Blocks: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
atoms, in a 1:2:1 molar ration*-MONOSACCHARIDE- building
blocks
1. Carbohydrate
• Examples**Includes • Pasta• Bread• Grains
Monosaccharidesmeaning "one",
and saccharide, meaning "sugar".
Suffix -ose (glucose, fructose, lactose)
• Glucose C6H12O6
single/simple sugars• Galactose, a sugar
in milk (and yogurt), • Fructose, a sugar
found in honey.
1. Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates
Glucose• Simple sugar• Know the Structure • C6H12O6
Draw this
Other Sugars
• Galactose, a sugar in milk (and yogurt),
• Fructose, a sugar found in honey.
• Sucrose found in table sugar and is made up of glucose and fructose.
• Lactose from milk and is made up of glucose and galactose.
• Starches – store energy
ROLES 1. 2. 3.
Also known as Triglycerides.Includes Fats, Oils and Waxes
Cell to cell communication
Cell membrane is composed of lipids
Storage molecule for energy
2. Lipids
• Examples:• Butter• Animal fats• Oils
Lipids
Types of Fats
Saturated –
Unsaturated –
What is cholesterol?
• Hard at room temperature• Not essential to your health, can raise
your cholesterol “the bad fats”• Found in meats, eggs and cheese• Liquid at room temperature• Can lower your cholesterol “the good fats”• Found in olive oil, nuts, and some fish
. Fat molecule, elevated levels can cause a lining to form on the interior of arteries not allowing blood to move through effectively which can lead to heart disease and stroke
2. Lipids
2. Lipids• Building Blocks: Carbon, hydrogen
and oxygenFATTY ACID-
building blocks • Insoluble in water• long term
energy storage• act as insulation• Solid at room
temperature
1. Oils—Liquid at room temperature 2. Waxes-repel water -prevent drying out
found in plants---called a cuticle - Found in animals—ear wax cecum
3. Phospholipids--form cell membranes -control substances that enter and leave
cell 4. Steroids serve as structural and control-components of cell membranes
Examples of Lipids
• Attached to fatty acids– To make triglycerides
• Know the structure
Draw this
Glycerol2. Lipids
• Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells
• Functions:– Structure of tissues/organs– Carry out metabolism– Muscle contraction help– Transport oxygen– Carry out chemical reactions
3. Proteins
• Examples:• Eggs• Poultry• Beef• Fish• Beans
Protein
1. Protein: complex molecules composed of amino acids
2. Building Blocks: Amino Acid3. Suffix—“ine” -only 20 amino acids to
make proteins
Making of a Protein
• Found on Amino acids• Know the structure
Draw this
Carboxyl Group
Nucleic Acids-Polymers of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and phosphorus.
• large, complex molecules that contain hereditary, genetic information– -DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
-controls cell activity– -RNA-ribonucleic acid
-makes protein
4. Nucleic acid
• Nucleotides are theBuilding blocks of nucleicacids• Example• Structure of DNA
Nucleic Acid
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