conditionals 1
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conditionals:· true, r,eal and unreal always true (zero conditional) if X happens, Y happens These sentences desc ribe what always happens in «:ertaln c.in:ium tances 1eg sc.ie11t ific fads.
present simple pres.ent simple
When / If you press the, swlt:c/1. rhe fight comes on.
re·al c;onditions (condjtiona:l 1) if X happ1ens, ¥ willl happen
These sentences describe what the speaker thinks wrll posslbly happen as a consequence of a real sitU<il'tio~
p!iesent simple will future
If we do not deal with the g/abal warmir19 problem, temperatures will rise.
If we leave now. we 'II catch rile bus. If we don 'r leave now, we won't c::a tth ir.
In informal speech, we often use going to ins-tead of wllJ.
ff you don't take an umbrella. you ·~ go,irig to get tNi?t We also us e might or can I could in place of will. See Unit 25
We can also u5e ~mperatives in real conditions. rf you don't know i!1 word, look it up 111 t/1~ diUiLJnary.
Sent~nces beginning If you will ... are only used whe.11 will means insist or is 1,11sed as a polite form. If you will stay up so lace. lhen of course you'll feel tired. (insist} ff you'll wait frere, I'll see if the manager 1s ready. (pol1lte}
unless Unles'l means only if not. We u<;e a when we say that if something does not happen, som ething else will happen _
Unless we deal with tile globlll wdfmin9 problem. average Pmperalurf'S will rise.
provided, as Jong as + present simple Pmvided and as long as mean only if.
Provided I as long as we redur.e E"riergy consumpl•OIP, we rari !>fuw tiow11 y/u/ml wamlmg_
in case + 1present simple Thi> desuibes a pOs!>ible situation we want to be prepared for.
Take an umbrella in case it rains ..
unreal conditions {conditional 2} if X happened, Y would happen These sentences describe what the speaker th inks wou l!d happen in an imaginary situation.
pa5tsimple wo,uld +verb
If you wer:e on Venus, you would see the Sun rise l.n the we.n.
Wilat would happen if lhe art/1 stopped !Uming? If aie Earth didn't have a Moon. there wouldn't be any tides.
The past sirnple tense we use in an if-sentence does not describe past t ime, but unreal time. We also use might or C·o.uld In place o:f would. See Unit 25.
if I were you We give advice with If I were you.
I W•oufdn't: do that, if I were you. or If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
_al or unreal? - r s depends on the situation of the speaker, or what the peaker is th inking.
·or ·example, we'te in the dassroom. There are some heavy tabtes. I think a fri end is going to tift ~hem. I give a warning. ~you try to Ifft those rabies on your own. you'll hurt yourself '
Same situation. Nobody is thinking of lifting the tables. I make a comment . -rrose rabies look beavyl If you tried to lift them, you 'd hurt yourself.'
Co mplete the answers using the word or words in capitals.
a Wha~ happ m when you heat water l l 0°C?
Wf OU h~a.r wa·htr .f-o I oo· c' i-l- boi[~'
b 'Whal doe water lum inlo "'ht~o ou boil iL?
[f OU .....
c Whan happen when you cool th t • m?
If OU ...
d Whal happens w1Pn you Ii aJ a pkcc uf rnct;d?
ff rou ..... " "
E Wha.t happens when you freeze pl ce of metal. lr OU
f \o\rJiat h(1ppens. when you Ereeze water? ff O·U .... , , .. , .... , .. , , ........... .
BOIL
'U .!.AM
TURN DACK
P. ' PA IJ
CONTRACT
EXPANDS
Use the words to complete an if-5entcence about solutions to environmental proble m).
Solutillli A - recyde paper, rll~tai mtd g/as.<:.
a v ryon I r · d paper I coinpanie I not cut down so many 11 .es 1-" .e.ve.rtjoM. re..ctjc.le.s ptlpe;.r, .. cmup.ruti~s wmt 1-t- cu+ do.wr- so JMnlj. -l-rte.s.
b everyone I recyi::le meta l and gla • / we not waste v;;iluable resources
c everyone I re yd paper, metal and glas.s I w not produce so much rubbish
Sa/Litinn B - tum off light.~, don 't drive ~D mm;h, insulate ynur hou.'!e:
d everyon I tum off unwant d Ughl:S I ave lot of ele tri ity
e everyone/ walk or cyc1 I not waste so much ol I aad p trol
f everyone f insulate their hou es I nol wasLe so 1nuch energy for heating
Solution - 11.se renewable energy
g countries use more wind and water po er, not depend o much on pow r tatlon
h · ou 111 ries u powe1· ta lion le s, cause less <tJ:r pollution
3 Use the prompts to omplete the question. Then choose the most likely answer. Check the factual answers on page 208.
a what I happ n i 1 you I tra l through the
Earth to the oilier side .
. Uha . .f- uJati d kappe.rt_i.f ljOU -lrave.Ue.d fhrv~ +he. ~l<{rfk to .+he. other side.'?
b "'hat / happen if th /.".arth uddenl · Lop
{ going row1<l?
c whm I happen U we no I have a Moon?
d li . hat I happ n if all the iti! at the poles. / melt?
e what/ l1appen if thCiii;' be I no mor electrklty't
f what I happen ll a 1 ns receive I me s ges frou1 Eaith and de ide I L"o vi H us?
a A Yo11 wo1d l flJ' out Ire
other id iur:o pace.
b A VI e rwo111d cnjo · 1on. er
aud warm r, fa)'
c A The;re wo11/t/ noi be any
or:eau ti le .
d A err levd5 wauld fall.
e A 'flm 1mi11er~e wm1/d no
longer e~"tfis t .
f A Tl1ey wou1d11't know
cxa lly w~wr ' ~ e ~wre.
B 1i1i wo11ld 1Je Imp Ible
becmise tl1e £arch' cori.i is lioc.
B It wo11ld tart movin in tire opp.a iti firoction
B Tire Eart/1 would spin rnore
fowl
B ea lcvd · wa111r/ lar lhc llmr!.
S 11enple wn11lt1 u.'i" rnmltes (Or
lfrrhi and fire· fi_ir lleat.
B Thu}' 1. ouldr1t an'ive for
rnlllicms n/)ew:~, a. llu:y would be o far ow ,v.
C You wo11id {I II to rll entre
and rfhm top.
c fl.•e11 ff the EarUI topped, we
wmd 1 keep movi11 I
C Tl1e Srm would gmw " hm1gcr.
C e 1 Je11el.s wu11/tJ ri ·c,
C Tl1e world would be u safer
JI/ace.
C TIU:}' wouf,tn't cmd rsrm1rl
ow me.~.~a.~ ' ,m ;.11ay.
4A Rewrite each sentence so that it c:ontains unle:s-s or as long as and begins as ~hown.
a I ou don't train hard, you ·won't succeed in · port.
Yuu W'OI'\ '.f- St!CC.ud irt S-por.f- ~11.!~SS /.jOt.I .f-rti.i~ k~rd, b H you train regi larly, · ou can imp ve our p rfom1ance.
You can impro e .. _ ........ _ .... -·· ·~ ... ... . . c: H ou e.njo ou.r sporL, i.l doesn ' t r@all ma!ter whe.Lhe.r ou ·uc eed or nnl.
It doe n't te~lly matter
d you don't e ·t and leep properly yo won' develop as an athlete. You won't
-B R.ewrite each sentence so that it contains in case.
e ake par pair of runnin l1oes1 becau e it' · possible th t you will ne d th m.
ak spare pair of running sl10 -
t Thke · Wilterproof coal wi h you because it' · possible lhat it iU rain.
a k a wa terpro f at wi h you g la.ke a wann Jumper beca.u e it's possible Lhat ou will get old when ou ·top ..
k • · w rm jumper
h ir t-aid t.:il be au c It' po ible that nleone will get lnjur d.
Take a fir t-c id kit
5 Use the words to complete the conditional if-sentence. Use an always true, rea l o·r unrnal conditional to suit the meaning.
a i nti 1 are plannin a wa o writin xtremel m lJ I u .1 1 u in . n n (Xe) atom . U
y u (us J.1S£.d Lhis tem, you (bi! abl ) t of the
n1 hit' on I he area n!' il pn<;t,1ge stamp.
b Humans are among the few animals to have colour vision. If u b a hone,
for 1-xampl , y u ( e everythin J in black and """hite. c he hrain works in lwo parts, Lhe left . Ide a nd lhe rigllt side .. cien Li l!i can put one ide of
the brain to sleep, ::md see what happens. For example, i the tum off) the
right id of th patient . brain, the patient not be able ·o In , be<:au c
musical abili't corn [mm the right ide of the bnin.
d Beetles ar one ol b mos nume ous sp ie5 on the planf't. In fact, if oth r insect and
animal not cat) bl!ctlcs, iu uuuut a y!!ar <rnd a hall U1e beetle population
(w i h) a much a th whole llard !
e Parts 01· the bod · send messages to other parts of the body wh n they hav to do thing ,
ur · amp! 1
1 ll ou 1101 ha c) enough wate in our bod, the brain l]et)
y u know that you need more, b making you cl thirst .
f If y u look) ....... ·" .. .. . in lde your own eye at the image there. th y e) up -j,l down, and the (be)
g If you ( moke)
mo in~.
. , chern!GJI change (take pfac )
which do not re eiv enou.iTh oxygen and d~e .
h Thi:! world's oce.an contain hu e amount of alt. In fact, lI ou (remove
in · our t:!!ll ,,
all th S'1lt from lhe oceans, ou (b able to use it t(l bui Id . wall about JOO kn'I wide and
a kllometr taJl aII around the: Earth.
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
1 Write five enten es about your life which begin UnfeM> I .. •
2 Write a list of eight interesting scientific facts you found in this unit, which begin If ...
Need more µrachLe? Go to tlw Rt~view on page 192.
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