congress and bjp
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Chairperson Sonia Gandhi
Parliamentary Chairperson Sonia Gandhi
Leader in Lok Sabha Pranab Mukherjee(Finance Minister)
Leader in Rajya Sabha Manmohan Singh(Prime Minister)
Founded 1885
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Headquarters24, Akbar Road,
New Delhi, 110011
Newspaper Congress Sandesh
Student wingNational Students Union of
India
Youth wing Indian Youth Congress
Women's wing Mahila Congress
Labour wingIndian National Trade Union
Congress
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Ideology
Populism Indian
Nationalism
(Liberal nat i onal i sm)
Social liberalism
Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Secularism
Third WaySocial Populism
Political position Center-left
International affiliation Alliance of Democrats
Official colours AquaECI Status National Party
AllianceUnited Progressive Alliance
(UPA)
Seats in Lok Sabha 206 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 72 / 250
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Election symbol -
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Name of President Life Span Year of Presidency Place of Conference
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee 29 December 1844- 1906 1885 Mumbai
Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1886 Calcutta
Badruddin Tyabji 10 October 1844- 1906 1887 Madras
George Yule 18291892 1888 Allahabad
Sir William Wedderburn 18381918 1889 Mumbai
Sir Pherozeshah Mehta 4 August 1845- 1915 1890 Calcutta
P. Anandacharlu August 1843- 1908 1891 Nagpur
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee 29 December 1844- 1906 1892 Allahabad
Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1893 Lahore
Alfred Webb 18341908 1894 Madras
Surendranath Banerjea 10 November 1848- 1925 1895 PuneRahimtulla M. Sayani 5 April 1847- 1902 1896 Calcutta
Sir C. Sankaran Nair 11 July 1857- 1934 1897 Amraoti
Ananda Mohan Bose 23 September 1847- 1906 1898 Madras
Romesh Chunder Dutt 13 August 1848- 1909 1899 Lucknow
Sir Narayan Ganesh
Chandavarkar2 December 1855- 1923 1900 Lahore
Sir Dinshaw Edulji Wacha 2 August 1844- 1936 1901 Calcutta
Surendranath Banerjea 10 November 1825- 1917 1902 Ahmedabad
Lalmohan Ghosh 18481909 1903 Madras
Sir Henry Cotton 18451915 1904 Mumbai
Gopal Krishna Gokhale 9 May 1866- 1915 1905 Benares
Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1906 Calcutta
Rashbihari Ghosh 23 December 1845- 1921 1907 SuratRashbihari Ghosh 23 December 1845- 1921 1908 Madras
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Rao Bahadur Raghunath Narasinha
Mudholkar18571921 1912 Bankipur
Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur ?- 1919 1913 Karachi
Bhupendra Nath Bose 18591924 1914 Madras
Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha March 1863- 1928 1915 Mumbai
Ambica Charan Mazumdar 18501922 1916 LucknowAnnie Besant 1 October 1847- 1933 1917 Calcutta
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya 25 December 1861- 1946 1918 Delhi
Syed Hasan Imam 31 August 1871- 1933 1918 Mumbai (Special Session)
Pandit Motilal Nehru 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 1919 Amritsar
Lala Lajpat Rai 28 January 1865- 17 November 1928 1920 Calcutta (Special Session)
C. Vijayaraghavachariar 1852- 19 April 1944 1920 NagpurHakim Ajmal Khan 1863- 29 December 1927 1921 Ahmedabad
Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das 5 November 1870- 16 June 1925 1922 Gaya
Maulana Mohammad Ali 10 December 1878- 4 January 1931 1923 Kakinada
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1888- 22 February 1958 1923 Delhi (Special Session)
Mahatma Gandhi 2 October 1869- 30 January 1948 1924 Belgaum
Sarojini Naidu 13 February 1879- 2 March 1949 1925 Kanpur
S. Srinivasa Iyengar September 11, 1874- 19 May 1941 1926 Gauhati
Dr. M A Ansari 25 December 1880- 10 May 1936 1927 Madras
Pandit Motilal Nehru 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 1928 Calcutta
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 1929 & 30 Lahore
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Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel
31 October 1875- 15
December 19501931 Karachi
Pandit Madan Mohan
Malaviya
25 December 1861-
19461932 Delhi
Pandit Madan MohanMalaviya
25 December 1861-1946
1933 Calcutta
Nellie Sengupta 18861973 1933 Calcutta
Dr. Rajendra Prasad3 December 1884- 28
February 19631934 & 35 Mumbai
Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru
14 November 1889- 27
May 1964 1936 Lucknow
Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru
14 November 1889- 27
May 19641936& 37 Faizpur
Netaji Subhash Chandra
Bose
23 January 1897- 18
August 1945?1938 Haripura
Netaji Subhash ChandraBose
23 January 1897- 18August 1945?
1939 Jabalpur
Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad1888- 22 February 1958 1940-46 Ramgarh
Acharya J.B. Kripalani 1888- 19 March 1982 1947 Delhi
Dr PattabhiSitaraimayya
24 December 1880- 17December 1959
1948 & 49 Jaipur
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Purushottam Das
Tandon
1 August 1882- 1 July
19611950 Nasik
Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru
14 November 1889- 27
May 19641951 & 52 Delhi
Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru
14 November 1889- 27
May 19641953 Hyderabad
Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru
14 November 1889- 27
May 1964 1954 Kalyani
U N Dhebar21 September 1905-
19771955 Avadi
U N Dhebar
21 September 1905-
1977 1956 Amritsar
U N Dhebar21 September 1905-
19771957 Indore
U N Dhebar
21 September 1905-
1977 1958 Gauhati
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U N Dhebar 21 September 1905- 1977 1959 Nagpur
Indira Gandhi19 November 1917- 31
October 19841959 Delhi
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1960 Bangalore
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1961 Bhavnagar
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1962 & 63 Patna
K. Kamaraj15 July 1903- 2 October
1975
1964 Bhubaneswar
K. Kamaraj15 July 1903- 2 October
19751965 Durgapur
K. Kamaraj15 July 1903- 2 October
19751966 & 67 Jaipur
S. Nijalingappa10 December 1902- 9
August 20001968 Hyderabad
S. Nijalingappa10 December 1902- 9
August 20001969 Faridabad
Jagjivan Ram 5 April 1908- 6 July 1986 1970 & 71 Mumbai
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Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma19 August 1918- 26
December 19991972- 74 Calcutta
Dev Kant Baruah 22 February 1914- 1996 1975- 77 Chandigarh
Indira Gandhi19 November 1917- 31
October 19841978- 83 Delhi
Indira Gandhi19 November 1917- 31
October 19841983 -84 Calcutta
Rajiv Gandhi20 August 1944- 21 May
19911985 -91 Mumbai
P. V. Narasimha Rao28 June 1921- 23
December 20041992 -96 Tirupati
Sitaram KesriNovember 1919- 24
October 20001997 -98 Kolkata
Sonia Gandhi 9 December 1946- 1998present Kolkata
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History of Indian National Congress
The history of the Indian National Congress falls into
two distinct eras:
1:- Before independence senario, when the party was atthe forefront of the struggle for independence and was
instrumental in the whole of India;
2:- After independence senario, when the party hasenjoyed a prominent place in Indian politics, ruling the
country for 48 of the 60 years since independence in
1947.
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Before independence senario, the congress was
divided in two groups.
1:-Moderate :- The moderates were more educated
and wanted to win people's faith to lead the nation
to independence without bloodshed.
2:-Activist.:- The activists however wanted to follow
a revolutionary path and make it a militant
organization.
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From its foundation on 28 December 1885 until the
time of independence of India on August 15, 1947,
The Indian National Congress was the largest and
most prominent Indian public organization, and
central and defining influence of the Indian
Independence Movement.
Although initially and primarily a political body, theCongress transformed itself into a national vehicle for
social reform and human upliftment. The Congress
was the strongest foundation and defining influence
of modern Indian nationalism.
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Founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume,
Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh
Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee,
Monomohun Ghose, Mahadev Govind Ranade
and William Wedderburn,
The Indian National Congress became the leader
of the Indian Independence Movement, withover 15 million members and over 70 million
participants in its struggle against British rule in
India.
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The first serious challenge to Congress hegemony
came in 1967 when a united opposition, under the
banner of Samyukt Vidhayak Dal, won control over
several states in the Hindi belt.
Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Nehru, and Congress
president, was then challenged by the majority of
the party leadership.
The conflict led to a split, and Indira launched
a separate INC.
Initially this party was known as Congress (R),
but it soon came to be generally known as the
New Congress.
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The official party became known as Indian National
Congress (Organisation) led by Kamaraj.
It was informally called the Old Congress.
As Indira Gandhi had control over the state
machinery, her faction was recognized as the "real"INC by the Election Commission of India, although
her organization was the break-away group.
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Afterward, former treasurer Sitaram Kesri tookover the reins of the party and oversaw theCongress support to the United Front
governments that ran from 19961998. During his tenure, several key leaders broke
away from the party, and serious infightingbroke out among those left.
In 1998, Sonia Gandhi finally accepted the postof Congress President, in a move that may havesaved the party from extinction.
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After her election as party leader, a section of
the party, which objected to the choice,
broke away and formed the Nationalist
Congress Party.
The use of "Congress " continues to denotethe party run by Indira Gandhi's successors.
There have been repeated attempts by the
Indian nationalist groups (such as theBharatiya Janata Party, BJP) to discredit Sonia
Gandhi's leadership on the basis of her
foreign origin - she is of Italian ethnicity.
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The Congresss six basics for governance:
Samajik Sadhhavna :- To ensure social cohesion and
harmony by taking the strictest possible action againstthose who promote bigotry and hatred
Yuva Rozgar:- To accelerate growth of productive and
secure employment opportunities by around one crore
a year so that each family has a viable livelihood.
Grameen Vikas:- To improve the income and welfare of
kisans and khet mazdoors across the country;
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Corruption free Nation.
To make a strong & united nation by curbing
division of individuals in the name of caste &
creed.
Employment for at least one member per family
for poor section of society.
Equality of Education policy & preventing itscommercialization.
To finish all terrorist camps & their activities.
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To provide Insurance to farmers & their
production and equipments at reasonable prices.
To uplift Indian small-scale industries & to reduce
imports.
To bring uniformity in the civil law of the
countries.
To organize training camps for the protection of women.
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Ad Liking.
Review Of Public.
Survey Revels.
As per CMS(Centre for Media Studies),
about
10,000 crore spent during the Lok Sabha
elections
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Congress is currently in power in seven states(Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi,Rajasthan, Haryana, Mizoram and Manipur)where the party enjoys a majority of its own.
In three other states Assam, Goa andMaharashtra it shares power with otheralliance partners.
In Tamil Nadu, where it lost power in
1967 assembly election, is not able to
capture again since then.
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The party now provides outside support to the
ruling Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in Puducherry .
In the remaining states and union territories,various opposition parties are in power.
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Historically, the party has favored farmers,
laborers, labor unions, and religious and ethnic
minorities.
It has opposed unregulated business and
finance, and favored progressive income taxes.
However, in recent years the party had adopted
centrist economic and social democratic
agenda.
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Social policy of the Indian National Congress is
based on Gandhian concept of Sarvodaya
Sarvodaya in simple words means upliftment
of all sections of the society.
In particular INC gives special emphasis on the
welfare of the economically and sociallydisadvantaged sections of the society.
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Traditionally, Economic policy of the INCemphasized on the importance of the public sectoraimed at establishing a "socialistic pattern of society".
However, since the economic liberalizationsinitiated by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the then FinanceMinister in the early 1990s, the economic policy of INC has been changed somewhat and it is now
adopted free market policies. Though at the same time it is in favour of taking a
cautious approach in proceeding with liberalizationto ensure that the weaker sections are not affectedtoo hard by the liberalization process.
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BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY
B
J
P
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Chairperson Nitin Gadkari
Leader in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj
Leader in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley
Founded 1980
Preceded by Bharatiya Jana Sangh
Headquarters11 Ashoka Road,
New Delhi, 110001
Newspaper K amal Sandesh
Student wing Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
Youth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha
Women's wing BJP Mahila Morcha
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Labour wing Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
Peasant's wing Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
Ideology
Progressivism
Indian Nationalism(H i ndu Nat i onal i sm)
Integral humanism
Economic liberalism
Free market
Conservatism
Social conservatism
Political position Centre-right
International affiliation None
Official colours Orange
ECI Status National Party
Alliance National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
Seats in Lok Sabha 116 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha 49 / 250
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List of presidents of the party
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Year Name Rationale
19801986Atal Bihari
Vajpayee
19861991Lal Krishna
AdvaniFirst Term
19911993Murli Manohar
Joshi
19931998 Lal KrishnaAdvani
Second Term
19982000Kushabhau
Thakre
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20002001 Bangaru Laxman
20012002 JanaKrishnamurthi
20022004 Venkaiah Naidu
20042006Lal Krishna
AdvaniThird Term
20062009 Rajnath SinghFirst Term (Hewas re-elected
for second term
in Dec 2006)
2009- Nitin Gadkari
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Shri Mookerjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21st
Oct. 1951 at Delhi and he became the first President of
it.
In 1952 elections, Bharatiya Jana Sangh won 3 seats in
Parliament one of them being that of Shri Mookerjee.
H
e had formed National Democratic Party within theParliament which consisted 32 members of MPs and 10
of Members of Rajya Sabha which however was not
recognised by the speaker as an opposition party.
After his death in custody, the BJS lasted for 24 more
years, but never seriously challenged the power of
Indian National Congress,
The only well-structured political party since India's
independence. It did however groom future political
leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani.
FOUNDER of BHARTIYA JANA SANGH
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The BJP is the successor party of the BJS, which merged itself
into the Janata Party in 1977. The BJP was formed as a separate
party in 1980 after internal differences in the Janata Partyresulted in the collapse of it's government in 1979.
The BJP was founded in December 1980,
under the direct leadership of Vajpayee and Advani.
In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections,
the BJP got only 2 seats out of 543.
Thos two are
1:- Hanamkonda from Andhra Pradesh won by Ch. Janga Reddy2:- Mehsana from Gujarat won by A.K. Patel.
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However, in the following 1989 Lok Sabha elections,
the BJP obtained 88 seats and it supported the Janata Dal-led
coalition of V.P. Singh.
On October 23, 1990, Advani was arrested by the Chief
Minister of Bihar, Laloo Prasad Yadav,
due to his agitation for the construction of the RamJanmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya, and as a result the BJP
withdrew its support of the government and it fell.
After the 1991 Lok Sabha elections,
the BJP became the premier opposition party, and theCongress government functioned as a minority.
During this time, the Janata Dal, the other major offshoot of
the Janata Party, saw itself crumble into regional factions, and
many leaders opted for the BJP.
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The First BJP Government (May 16 - 31st, 1996)
In 1996, the BJP became the single-largest political
party in the parliament, with the Congress at its
lowest tally ever.
The President of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma,
appointed Vajpayee as Prime Minister
Non-Congress, non-BJP parties were able to gain a
majority of support and so Vajpayee was obliged to
resign after serving the shortest time as prime
minister in India - 13 days.
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The Second BJP Government (March 19, 1998 - October 13, 1999)
Lok Sabha elections were again held in 1998, and the NDA
National Democratic Alliance obtained a simple majority.
This time, the BJP (NDA) had allied with the AIADMK and the Biju
Janata Dal besides its existing allies
The Samata Party, the Shiromani Akali Dal and Shiv Sena. Outside
support was provided by the Telugu Desam Party.
The NDA had a slim majority, and Vajpayee returned as PrimeMinister. But the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader
of AIADMK, Jayalalitha, withdrew her support, and fresh elections
were again called. (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam)
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The Third BJP Government (October 13, 1999 - May 13, 2004)
The BJP-led NDA won 303 seats on OCT 13, 1999. (National Democratic Alliance)
Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time in his life, and Advani
became the Deputy Prime Minister andHome Minister.
This NDA Government lasted its term of five years. Vajpayee and hiseconomic team, led by Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha, continued the
policies initiated by the previous Congress Government under P V Narasimha
Rao and Manmohan Singh.
The liberalization of trade under World Trade Organization rules, opening
the skies to commercial airlines, foreign investment and ownership andallowed private companies such as Mahindra World City and Reliance to build
Special Economic Zones where property developers could build new cities
with world-class infrastructure for factories that export products.
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Earlier, in December 1999, the party had severely been criticized
for its conduct, when the then External Affairs Minister, Jaswant
Singh, personally escorted three terrorists to Kandahar [9] in
return for the hostages on board a hijacked aircraft.
The terrorists included Omar Ahmed Sheikh (involved in the
killing of Daniel Pearl and Jaish-e-Mohammad chief, Mohammad
Azhar.
The terrorists included Omar Ahmed Sheikh (involved in the
killing of Daniel Pearl ) and Jaish-e-Mohammad chief, Mohammad
Azhar.
In 2002, the Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act law increasing
the powers of police authorities and intelligence agencies was
passed in an effort to curb subversive political activities and
terrorism. The POTA was promulgated chiefly in response to the
December 13, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Union Parliament.
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After the 2004 General Election
The BJP and the NDA suffered a shock defeat in the generalelections in 2004, and failed to muster a parliamentary majority.
A.B. Vajpayee passed on the prime ministership to Dr.
Manmohan Singh of the Congress Party,
After the defeat was clear, several prominent BJP members
including Sushma Swaraj and L.K. Advani, protested that Sonia
Gandhi should not be permitted to hold the Prime Minister's
office because of her Italian birth and her failure to take Indian
citizenship for almost 15 years after her wedding to Rajiv Gandhi
in spite of her claims to have "become an Indian in her heart the
day she became Indira Gandhi's daughter-in-law".
The political campaign of BJP had remained confined to television, radio and SMS
(mobile phones). There was also a belief that socio-religious organizations close to the
BJP (the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and VishwaHindu Parishad), offered little
assistance in these elections, due to the BJP government's non-pursuit of the Ayodhya
temple issue
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AchievementsVajpayee was responsible for three efforts to build peaceful
relations with Pakistan.
In 1999, he rode on the inaugural Delhi-Lahore bus, and signed
the Lahore Declaration with the Pakistani Prime Minister,
committing India to peace.
In 2001 Vajpayee invited Pakistan's military ruler, PervezMusharraf, to Delhi, though the summit failed.
Vajpayee, in a speech to Parliament in August 2003, spoke of his
"absolute last attempt of my life" to foster peace with Pakistan,
de-freezing relations and invoking praise from world leaders.
In 2004, the Government signed the South Asia Free Trade
Agreement with Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka
and the Maldives, a decision intended to vastly benefit over 1.6
billion people.
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Key Events2004:
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Uma Bharati resigns as she is charged in adated case related to hoisting the Indian tricolour in a minority area.
Party President Venkaiah Naidu quits, paving the way for Lal Krishna
Advani to take up the post.
2005:The BJP eventually forms a government in Jharkhand and wins a second
set of elections in Bihar with the JD(U).
During a visit to Pakistan, party President LK Advani creates controversy
he names the country's founder, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, "secular".
The party faces embarrassment in a sting operation where journalists
offer money to MP's to raise questions in Parliament.
Six of the ten expelled parliamentarians are from the party
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2006Rajnath Singh, a former Union Minister and Uttar Pradesh
Chief Minister, takes over as BJP Party President.
Former Chief Ministers Uma Bharati (Madhya Pradesh),
Babulal Marandi (Jharkhand) and Madan Lal Khurana (Delhi)officially leave the BJP to float their own political fronts.
The BJP aligns with the JD(S) to form a coalition in Karnataka,
its first government in South India.
Former Union Minister and urban face of the BJP, Pramod
Mahajan, is shot dead by his own brother.
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2007
In Uttarakhand andHimachal Pradesh, the BJP regains power from the
Congress, and posts its fourth consecutive victory in Gujarat.
The Janata Dal (Secular) refuses to hand over the Chief Minister's post to
the BJP as agreed upon, leading to the downfall of the alliance
government in Karnataka.
After the JD(S) decides to reverse its decision, B.S. Yediyurappa becomes
the BJP's first southern CM. When the JD(S) once again goes back on its
word after a week, Yediyurappa resigns.
The party faces more tragedy as former Delhi CM Sahib Singh Verma dies
in a road accident and former party President Jana Krishnamurthy passesaway.
The party formally declares Leader of the Opposition, Lal Krishna Advani,
as BJP's Prime Ministerial Candidate.
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2008:
B. S. Yeddyurappa leads BJP in Karnataka to victory in the2008 Karnataka state elections gaining just 3 seats short of a
majority. It is a historical win for BJP as it was able to form a
government in South India without a Coalition and the victory
is considered as Gateway to South-India by Party President
Rajnath Singh.
2009:
The BJP expels Jaswant Singh, former finance minister of
India, from the party for writing a book sympathetic towards
Muslim leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah. Political commentator
B. G. Verghese called it "The Talibanization of the BJP.
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