connected residential hvac and water heating
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Connected Residential
HVAC and Water Heating
Catie Dimas
September 19, 2018
CEE Industry Partners Meeting
New Orleans, LA
Connecting Potential Value
Streams to Real World Outcomes
2
Meeting Ground Rules
Wear your “CEE hat” and consider how can we maximize
our effectiveness by working together
Adhere to the CEE Meeting Guidelines
• Disclosure of all affiliations and potential conflicts of interest
• Non-disclosure of proceedings
Support interactive participation
• State name & organization (for phone participants)
• Limit outside distractions
• Provide an opportunity for others to speak
Maintain a judgment free environment
Make use of a “parking lot”
3
Agenda
4
Session Objectives
Identify grid and customer
benefits, as well as any areas
in need of further development
Discuss how the
voluntary uptake of
consistent
connected criteria
(or program
design) may
achieve both local
impact as well as
broader industry
shifts
Build better
collective
understanding of the
field performance of
connected
residential HVAC
and water heaters
5
Introductions
Name,
organization
Phone participants
6
Integrated Home Platform
Integrated
Home
Platform
PRODUCTS
Central HVAC
Appliances
Water Heating
Pool Pumps
Lighting
CAPABILITY
Compatibility
Data Exchange
Consumer Engagement
BENEFITS
Energy Efficiency
Load Management
Behavior Change
Customer Satisfaction
7
Current Work
Res Water Heating
Initiative • Updates approved in March
2018
– Combines gas + electric
– Energy efficiency
performance: Tier 1, Tier 2,
Advanced Tier (HPWHs)
– Optional connected criteria
Res HVAC Initiative • Updates planned for 2019
• Anticipated modifications
– Energy efficiency performance
– Quality installation
– Connected thermostat
program guidance
– Optional connected criteria
Other future opportunities to foster member + industry
collaboration- E.g. ENERGY STAR program and comment processes
8
Operating Hypotheses
Connected HVAC and water heating systems
can save customers money and enable better
energy management, and further serve as
assets for grid balancing/load management
9
Field Performance and
Lessons Learned
10
CEE Member Trends
Source: 2017 CEE Connected Program and Pilot Summary
*HVAC data not collected in 2017
11
Featured Case Study: Regional
Water Heating DR Project
PNW Regional Water Heater Pilot
Conrad Eustis
Sept 19, 2018
Results of smart water heaters used in a 24x7x365 demand response pilot
Portland General Electric
California curtails solar; PNW curtails wind
• Solar & wind
produce energy
in limited hours
• Output varies
• Energy with no
place to go
• Red area =
4,400 MWa(~twice PGE daily load!)
2
Reference: Investigating a Higher Renewables Portfolio Standard [RPS] in
California, Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc., 101 Montgomery St.
San Francisco, CA 94104. Jan 2014
Overgeneration
3.6 million water
heaters in the
PNW—most
will get replaced
over 15 years.
A 1,400 MW/
2,500 MWh
resource
opportunity…..
(but not cost effective)
3
Portland General Electric
Barriers to Residential DR at scale
Customer perspective
1. Difficult customer experience
2. Concern that lifestyle will be affected
3. Basic $ incentive not enough motivation
for many
Utility perspective
4. Cost to physically connect one device
4
$$$$
Credit: http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com
Portland General Electric
ANSI/CTA-2045 to the rescue• CTA-2045 is the “one” and it’s
gaining momentum
• Creates consistent customer
experience
• Enables simple implementation for
provider (customer installed comm. link)
• Standard creates volume for
hardware, volume creates low cost
• Solves barriers 1, 2, & 4
• Enables every other standard, and
won’t be obsolete
• Solves every security issue
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHMssq6_R94
Portland General Electric
CTA-2045 in Action (thru adapters)
6
Portland General Electric
Catch 22
• Water heater manufactures sell
commodity, in national market, to
customers (not utilities)
• Customers are not asking for “smart”
water heaters
• Utilities have sufficient benefit to cover
cost of standard on water heater,
but…..
• Utility market shares too small to affect
manufacturer’s plan
7
manufacturer
utility
Portland General Electric
Solution…., maybe
• Create standard CTA-2045 2006 to 2012 (success)
• Test standard in pilots 2012 to 2015 (success)
• Ask for fed to require standard 2014 (failed)
• Prove cost effective for entire Northwest 2018 (success)
• Create market transformation plan 2018 (success)
• Next Up: Sell plan in 2019
8
NW regional pilot:
The details
9
Portland General Electric
Participants• Project funding: $1 million BPA TI 336 (BPA & Utility labor/expense not included)
• Project Leads: Tony Koch, BPA & Conrad Eustis, PGE
• Communication suppliers: A.O. Smith, General Electric, e-Radio
• Major Support Organizations: NEEA & PNNL
Utility Participants:
1. Portland General Electric
2. Tacoma Power
3. Puget Sound Energy
4. Clark Public Utilities
5. Emerald PUD
6. Snohomish PUD
7. Springfield Utility Board
8. Franklin PUD
10
We recruited customers:
180 heat pump water heaters
100 resistance water heaters
Portland General Electric
Objectives
• Energy shifting 24x7, 365 days/yr.
• Quantify ▪ peak load mitigation
▪ energy shifting
• Customer acceptance
• Regional education
• Market transformation plan
• Bus. case to justify MT plan
11
Un
de
r C
ove
r
Portland General Electric
Project uses smart water heaters
12
Photo Credits: General
Electric and A.O. Smith
“Smart” =• modular communication
interface
• OEM defines alonetic response
• DR commands ignored to
maintain sufficient hot water
Low Cost only if:• Standard Physical Socket
(e.g. CTA-2045, USB, etc.)
• Standard format for data packets
• Standard initial exchange of
information• Does NOT depend on DR language
“Smart” Status:• Only 5 to 10% of tanks sold
• All have proprietary interfaces
• Need smart adapter
Portland General Electric 13
Portland General Electric
Important Lesson Learned
• Using Customer’s Wi-Fi network to return data a
major headache
▪Had to touch about 2% of customers per week
▪At average of 10 minutes each
▪Extrapolate to future program cost: An average of 50 cents per
customer per month for support
▪Bad customer experience: resembles nagging some customer have to
be reminded more than once
▪PGE launching a multi-family program and will use 4G LTE
▪Example problems:o Changing out modem/routers
o Changing Wi-FI passwords
o Participant complaints about slowed internet speed (justified or not)
14
Portland General Electric
• 50% of complaints
occurred when not
running events
• 3 types of events
• Energy Shift
• Peak Demand day
• Grid emergency
Autonomous design works!
15
• About 600 curtailment events in 220 days
Portland General Electric
Customer Satisfaction• 280 Participants (100 Elec Resistance and 180 HPWH)
• Ran out of hot water last year?▪40% never
▪50% couple times
• How satisfied were you with the Pilot?▪83% Very
▪15% Somewhat
• Likely to participate in DR Program in the future?▪72% very likely
▪24% Somewhat likely
• Primary Motivation to joining the study:▪38% Amount of incentive
▪46% knowing that I’m helping to avoid a new power plant
▪43% knowing that I could influence more clean renewable energy on the grid
▪26% Getting an annual report that quantify my contribution to the CO2 reduction
16
Market
Transformation
Plan
17
Portland General Electric
Vision: What does a transformed market look like?
• All electric water heaters (standard electric and heat pump) over 40
gallons shipped to the Pacific Northwest have an open-source
communication interface (CTA-2045)
• ENERGY STAR and the DOE recognize and promote ANSI/CTA-2045
• Aggregators leverage DR capabilities of CTA 2045
• Utilities leverage DR existing capabilities
• New IoT models emerge in home
18
Portland General Electric
Proposed Timeline (best case)
19
Portland General Electric
302 MW by 2039 (26.5% adoption)
20
Portland General Electric
Market Transformation Cost• $30 million for incremental tanks cost over nine years
▪Until we can get codes in place to require CTA-2045 on tanks shipped to the
Pacific NW, we’ll have to buy down the incremental cost on tanks shipped from
the factory with CTA-2045 so they will be competitive in the market.
▪Assume we’ll need to pay these costs thru 2028; working for codes sooner
• Non-reoccurring engineering (NRE) $1 mil. over four years
• Field tests: specification, method & certification $1.4 mil over 4 years
• Project Management $3.5M over fourteen years
• Education and awareness $4.3M over fourteen years
▪Supply chain
▪Customers
▪Aggregators
▪Utilities
▪CTA 2045 branding label tied to long term entity
21
Preliminary
Results
22
Portland General Electric
Peak Demand Reduction Results• Based on ten coldest days in January thru March 2018; Ten hottest days in summer
• Results in hourly average Watt reduction per tank
• Most resistance tanks in low income, may not be typical
23
Winter Peak Results
3-Hour Shed
Watts
Reduction 95% CI
Heat Pump Water Heaters
A.M. peak 223 ±27
P.M. peak 165 ±31
Resistive Water Heaters
A.M. peak 374 ±65
P.M. peak 321 ±74
Summer Peak Results
4-Hour Shed
Watt
Reduction 95% CI
Heat Pump Water Heaters
P.M. peak 85 ±10
Resistive Water Heaters
P.M. peak 347 ±29
Time
Winter/Spring
Grid Emergency
Watt Reduction 95% CI
Summer
Grid Emergency
Watt Reduction 95% CI
Heat Pump Water Heaters
A.M. period 244 ±32 122 ±20
P.M. period 167 ±43 96 ±11
Resistive Water Heaters
A.M. period 562 ±69 393 ±50
P.M. period 563 ±105 389 ±39
Grid
Emergency
Results
Portland General Electric
Winter/Spring Energy Shift Results• April 2 thru June 10
• Average benefit in Wh per tank
• Most events were 3 hours
• Learned we can count on running at least two, 4-hour events any day
24
Time Block Watt-hr Std. Dev.
Heat Pump Water Heaters
7a.m. to 11a.m. 512 184
11a.m. to 2p.m. 418 101
2p.m. to 5p.m. 281 43
5p.m. to 9p.m. 330 50
9p.m. to 1a.m. 394 121
1a.m. to 7a.m. 222 96
Resistive Water Heaters
7a.m. to 11a.m. 1162 229
11a.m. to 2p.m. 1155 305
2p.m. to 5p.m. 982 290
5p.m. to 9p.m. 1218 185
9p.m. to 1a.m. 884 187
1a.m. to 7a.m. 433 149
Portland General Electric
Business Case Results
25
Portland General Electric
Not included: Soft Benefits
• Use of thermal storage in tanks to shift load to “greener”
generation reduces CO2. At $50 per ton, worth about
($6 million/yr 900,000 water heaters. )
• Locational value
• Ancillary services: frequency regulation, load following,
black start, spinning reserve, etc.
• Economic dispatch: a least cost means to sink excess
generation
26
Portland General Electric
Next Steps
•Report Published Oct 31
•Data available for further research▪ available in a month or two
▪1 minute data on 180 HPWHs, 100 electric resistance Jan 22 thru
Aug 26
•Utility invitation to participate in market
transformation effort
27
Conrad Eustis
28
Questions
• Conrad.eustis@pgn.com
• 503 464 7016
Portland General Electric
New concept• For first 120 years
▪ Energy flows one way to customer
▪ Customer loads and generation
serve best interests of customer
• By 2008, renewables at scale
everyone talks about storage
• By 2010, Idea: many loads can
respond to price and
information signals to help
integrate renewable
generation.
• No word describes concept
“Appliance”
Then: 1890 to 2010
Electricity on
demand!
Customer commands; device gives
Smart
“Appliance”
Future:Electricity with
Grid Requests..10010110…
Customer inputs flexibility→
device serves customer & grid!
Portland General Electric
Word for an emerging concept
30
Portland General Electric
Today
• Easy for customer to curtail
grid messages
• Logic ensures hot water
supply
Improvements for tomorrow
• Customer input for more
comfort or more savings
• Learns peak hot water
demand periods
Alonetic means improved customer experience
Set & Forget Design
31
Portland General Electric
1. A water storage tank where
heating devices are controlled
by electronic program in tank.
(I.e. not bimetallic switches)
2. A water heater designed to
accept external signals as an
input to the tank’s control logic
3. Customer inputs flexibility
Imagine an alonetic water heater
32
Cold
Tank
control
logic
Customer
Preferences
External
Input
Tank
Sensors
Use
History
Heating
Elements
Smart Hot Water Heater
Hot
Hourly Price Forecast
E.g. OR
Messages to inform load shifting
Moore’s law comes to load behavior here
12
Field Performance and Lessons
Learned (All Participants)
What experiences has your organization had
with residential connected HVAC and/or
connected water heating systems?
13
Discussion, Call to Action,
and Next Steps
14
Discussion
What needs to happen next to scale up these
technologies?
• Where should the primary focus be and why?
– Examples: data sharing, DR capabilities, etc.
What can we do collectively or individually to
change the current market situation?
• Is there a way to make individual programs better to
increase overall effectiveness?
– Examples: collectively identify best practices for
performance, consistency in program approach
15
Discussion
Are there lessons learned from the electric
side that may help inform emerging gas
DR efforts?
What benefit streams would be most
valued from connected HVAC and water
heating systems, and why?
16
Discussion
Could the combination of connected water
heaters and HVAC potentially enable
interactive effects in a way that’s beneficial
from a grid perspective?
17
Discussion
Customer benefits
• How does the customer journey progress
from high efficiency to connected
functionality?
• What does your consumer research suggest
is helpful?
18
Discussion
Res Water Heating
Initiative Support• What types of
supplemental resources
might CEE develop to help
support program and
industry uptake?
Res HVAC Initiative
Updates (2019)• Is optional connected
criteria still a priority? What
might that look like?
• How should the initiative
address smart controls?
19
Call to Action
Driving market change: unique strategies?
Program guidance?
Implementation?
Others identified during the session?
20
CEE Res Water
Heating Initiative
deployment and
adoption support
activities, e.g.
program guidance
Water Heating
CEE Res HVAC
Initiative updates, e.g.
quality installation,
optional connected
criteria
HVAC
Based on call to
action discussion
Other
Wrap-up and Next Steps
21
Contacts
George ChapmanSenior Program Manager
617-337-9262
gchapman@cee1.org
Alice RosenbergSenior Program Manager
617-337-9287
arosenberg@cee1.org
Catie DimasProgram Manager
617-337-9283
cdimas@cee1.org
22
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