contraceptives conception – time after fertilization and before implantation contra – prefix...

Contraceptives

• Conception – time after fertilization and before implantation

• Contra – prefix meaning “against”

– A contraceptive device prevents conception or fertilization from occurring.

– Also known as “birth control?”

5 Categories of Contraception:

1. Behavioral

2. Over-the-Counter

3. Prescription

4. Permanent

5. Emergency Contraception

Behavioral

• Fertility-based methods– Cannot have intercourse during the fertile time

of the month– Egg can live 12-24 hours however 48 is used– Sperm can live in a woman’s body up to 5 days

• Withdrawal

• Continuous breastfeeding

Over-the-Counter

• Female Condom

• Condom

• Sponge

• Spermicide

Female condom

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reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

Female Condom

• Benefits:– Shared responsiblilty

– Protects against most STD

– Protects against pregnancy

– Can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex

– Disadvantages:

higher failure rate

expensive

Male condom

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reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

cervical sponge

Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights

reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

Sponge

• Contains spermicide

• Protects 24 hours/ must be left in 6 hrs

• No STI protection

• 84-89% Effective Rate

Spermicide Foam and Jellies

Spermicide

• 71-82% effective

• Recommend use with other methods

• Foam, jelly, cream

• No protection against STI’s or HIV

Prescription

• Oral contraceptives– Birth control pills

• The patch

• The ring

• The implant

Oral Contraceptives – “the pill”

NuvaRing

Nuva Ring

• Inserted and left in place for 3 weeks

• Does not prevent STI’s or HIV

• Fairly high rate

Vaginal Ring

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reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

Norplant

Implant

• Size of a matchstick

• Placed under the skin on the inner side of the arm

• 99 percent effective

• Can be effective for up to 3 years

• No protection from STI’s or HIV

Intrauterine devices – IUD’s

IUD

• Must be inserted by a doctor

• Effective for 5-12 years

• 99% effective in preventing pregnacy

• No protection from STI or HIV

Diaphragm

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reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

Diaphragm

• Cap inserted must be used with spermicide

• 84-94% effective

• Must be left in place for 6 hours

Cervical Cap

Cervical Cap Diaphragm

Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights

reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

Cap

• 71-84% effective in preventing pregnacy

• Must be used with spermicide

• No protection from STI’s or HIV

Depo Provera

• Hormone injection• Every 3 months

Injection

• $35.00-$75.00 per shot

• Lasts 3 months

• 97-99% effective

• No protection from STI’s or HIV

Permanent

• Tubal Ligation

• Vasectomy

Vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

• What is the best form of contraception available?

–ABSTINENCE!• It is 100% effective in preventing pregnancies

• It is 100% effective in preventing STI’s ( sexually transmitted infections)

US Teen Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion Statistics