contraceptives conception – time after fertilization and before implantation contra – prefix...
TRANSCRIPT
Contraceptives
• Conception – time after fertilization and before implantation
• Contra – prefix meaning “against”
– A contraceptive device prevents conception or fertilization from occurring.
– Also known as “birth control?”
5 Categories of Contraception:
1. Behavioral
2. Over-the-Counter
3. Prescription
4. Permanent
5. Emergency Contraception
Behavioral
• Fertility-based methods– Cannot have intercourse during the fertile time
of the month– Egg can live 12-24 hours however 48 is used– Sperm can live in a woman’s body up to 5 days
• Withdrawal
• Continuous breastfeeding
Over-the-Counter
• Female Condom
• Condom
• Sponge
• Spermicide
Female condom
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
Female Condom
• Benefits:– Shared responsiblilty
– Protects against most STD
– Protects against pregnancy
– Can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex
– Disadvantages:
higher failure rate
expensive
Male condom
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
cervical sponge
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
Sponge
• Contains spermicide
• Protects 24 hours/ must be left in 6 hrs
• No STI protection
• 84-89% Effective Rate
Spermicide Foam and Jellies
Spermicide
• 71-82% effective
• Recommend use with other methods
• Foam, jelly, cream
• No protection against STI’s or HIV
Prescription
• Oral contraceptives– Birth control pills
• The patch
• The ring
• The implant
Oral Contraceptives – “the pill”
NuvaRing
Nuva Ring
• Inserted and left in place for 3 weeks
• Does not prevent STI’s or HIV
• Fairly high rate
Vaginal Ring
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
Norplant
Implant
• Size of a matchstick
• Placed under the skin on the inner side of the arm
• 99 percent effective
• Can be effective for up to 3 years
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
Intrauterine devices – IUD’s
IUD
• Must be inserted by a doctor
• Effective for 5-12 years
• 99% effective in preventing pregnacy
• No protection from STI or HIV
Diaphragm
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
Diaphragm
• Cap inserted must be used with spermicide
• 84-94% effective
• Must be left in place for 6 hours
Cervical Cap
Cervical Cap Diaphragm
Illustrations copyright 2003 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights
reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com
Cap
• 71-84% effective in preventing pregnacy
• Must be used with spermicide
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
Depo Provera
• Hormone injection• Every 3 months
Injection
• $35.00-$75.00 per shot
• Lasts 3 months
• 97-99% effective
• No protection from STI’s or HIV
Permanent
• Tubal Ligation
• Vasectomy
Vasectomy
Tubal Ligation
• What is the best form of contraception available?
–ABSTINENCE!• It is 100% effective in preventing pregnancies
• It is 100% effective in preventing STI’s ( sexually transmitted infections)
US Teen Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion Statistics