converting data collected during chaps for use in the pnnl aerosol modeling testbed
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Converting Data Collected During CHAPS for Use in the PNNL Aerosol Modeling Testbed
Brody BourqueGCEP SURE Summer Intern
Larry Berg, William Gustafson Jr., Jeremy RishelPacific Northwest National Laboratory
Overview
Define aerosolsWhy study??
Effects on climate
Background on CHAPS field campaignWhy focus on shallow cumuliInstruments on board aircrafts
Gulfstream (G-1)
NASA King Air
Introduction to Aerosol Modeling Testbed (AMT)parseCHAPS program outline
Aerosols
Aerosol: a collection of particles suspended in a parcel of air (ranging from nm - 30um)
Why Study Aerosols???
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - scientific body that provides the world with a clear view
of the current state of climate change
Cooling Effect
High Level of Uncertainty
http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.htm
*Important for radiation and precipitation
Aerosol Effects On Climate
Direct effectChanges in the amount of radiation at the surface due to aerosols
Semi-direct effectChanges the stability of the atmosphere (frequency of clouds)
*Indirect effectChanges the amount of cloud droplets
Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS)
Date: June 2007
Location: A series of flights (G-1 = 12 & King Air = 20) over the ACRF Southern Great Plains site and
Abstract: Use in situ measurements to characterize and contrast aerosol optical & chemical properties below the shallow cumuli cloud layer (bc), in the shallow cumuli cloud layer (ic), and above the shallow cumuli cloud layer (ac)
Moderately sized city that is representative of a large number of cities around the United States
Oklahoma City, OK
Background on CHAPS
Berg et al.
NASA King Air
Battelle G-1 Gulfstream
*Particularly how Shallow Cumuli effect the chemical and optical properties of aerosols
CHAPS Experimental Goals
Primary Objective: To improve the understanding of effects of radiation from aerosols on climate
CHAPS Study Encompasses:Clear Sky Observations
*Effects of:
Aerosols on Shallow Cumuli
Shallow Cumuli on Aerosols
Why Focus On Shallow Cumuli???
Shallow clouds play an important role in energy balanceIncreases amount of shortwave radiation that is reflected back into space (shortwave albedo)
Not much effect on longwave radiation
Poorly represented in numerical models
* ”One of few studies that have had AMS sampling downstream of CVI inlet on an aircraft…allows for the examination of chemical composition of nucleated aerosols within the cumuli”
Instruments Aboard The Gulfstream (G-1)
Two Inlets:
*Counter-Flow Virtual Impactor
Isokinetic Inlet
Each inlet has virtually the same instrumentation
*Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Size Distributions:
SMPS (0.02 um - 0.44 um)
FIMS (0.03 um - 0.13 um)
PCASP (0.10 um - 3.00 um)
CAS (0.627 um - 60.0 um)
CIP (25 um - 1500 um)
(CVI)
(AMS)
(>10um)
(<2um)
Instruments Aboard The NASA King Air
NASA High Spectral Resolution LIDAR (HSRL)
Measures Profiles Between the King Air and the Surface of Aerosol:
BackscatterExtinctionDepolarization
Aerosol Modeling Testbed (AMT)
What is it???A computational framework that streamlines the process of testing and evaluating refined aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial (0.1 - 100 km) and temporal (minutes - season) scales
Composed of the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF - Chem) and various statistical and graphical programs, called the Analysis Toolkit, that allow investigators to systematically evaluate model performance
parseCHAPS Outline
Create Namelist Files for each Day [Clear & Cloudy Segments]
Create Output Files for all Variables with a Location FileUse MILAGRO ConventionAll Output Files must include the Location FileLocation Files
Use MILAGRO ConventionLocation File to include only in header:
YearMonthDayTime UTCLatitudeLongitude
Altitude
tflag
MILAGRO Naming Convention:variable_obs.txt
MILAGRO Naming Convention:aircraft_yymmdd_loc.txt
Creating Namelist Files
Very First Step
Purpose: tells the program
Created for each Day and for both Clear & Cloudy Flight Segments
how many files to read which files to read
Creating Output Files for all Variablesg1_070611_clear_loc.txtair_speed_obs.txtaltitude_obs.txtams_on_cvi_obs.txtcas_tot_a_obs.txtcas_tot_a_cloud_obs.txtcas_tot_n_obs.txtcas_tot_n_cloud_obs.txtcas_tot_v_obs.txtcas_tot_v_cloud_obs.txtccn_obs.txtcip_tot_a_obs.txtcip_tot_n_obs.txtcip_tot_v_obs.txtcl_obs.txtco_obs.txtcvi_blue_abs_obs.txtcvi_blue_back_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_eff_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_red_angstrom_obs.txtcvi_blue_ssa_obs.txtcvi_blue_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_cn_obs.txtcvi_enrich_fac_obs.txtcvi_flag_qc_obs.txtcvi_green_abs_obs.txtcvi_green_back_s_obs.txt
cvi_green_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_green_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_green_ssa_obs.txtcvi_green_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_lwc_obs.txtcvi_neph_rh_obs.txtcvi_neph_ti_obs.txtcvi_red_back_s_obs.txtcvi_red_abs_obs.txtcvi_red_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_red_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_red_ssa_obs.txtcvi_red_tot_s_obs.txtdensity_obs.txtdew_point_temperature_obs.txtfims_tot_n_obs.txtflag_cloud_obs.txtflag_plume_obs.txtger_lwc_obs.txtheading_obs.txtiso_blue_back_s_obs.txtiso_blue_eff_s_obs.txtiso_blue_red_angstrom_obs.txtiso_blue_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_blue_ssa_obs.txtiso_blue_tot_s_obs.txtiso_cn_obs.txtiso_flag_qc_obs.txtiso_green_back_s_obs.txt
iso_green_eff_s_obs.txtiso_green_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_green_ssa_obs.txtiso_green_tot_s_obs.txtiso_neph_rh_obs.txtiso_neph_ti_obs.txtiso_red_back_s_obs.txtiso_red_eff_s_obs.txtiso_red_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_red_ssa_obs.txtiso_red_tot_s_obs.txtlapa_abs_obs.txtlapa_s_obs.txtlat_obs.txtlong_obs.txtnh4_obs.txtno3_obs.txtorg_obs.txtozone_obs.txtpapa_abs_obs.txtpapa_s_obs.txtpcasp_int_obs.txtpcasp_tot_a_obs.txtpcasp_tot_n_obs.txtpcasp_tot_v_obs.txtpotential_temperature_obs.txtpressure_obs.txtptrms_a_pinene_frag_obs.txtptrms_a_pinene_parent_obs.txt
ptrms_acetaldehyde_obs.txtptrms_acetone_obs.txtptrms_acetonitile_obs.txtptrms_benzene_obs.txtptrms_isoprene_obs.txtptrms_mek_macr_obs.txtptrms_methanol_obs.txtptrms_mvk_obs.txtptrms_tmb_obs.txtptrms_toluene_obs.txtptrms_xylene_obs.txtsat_temperature_obs.txtso2_obs.txtso4_obs.txttemperature_obs.txtw_prime_obs.txtwind_direction_obs.txtwind_speed_obs.txt
Transect Flag (tflag): Used to partition data based on a set parameter
Parameters:• Above Cloud (ac) = 3
• In Cloud (ic) = 2
• Below Cloud (bc) = 1
Locatio
n File
Problem With Particle Size Distribution
PROBLEM: Because WRF Bin size ranges and Instrument Channel size ranges are different, calculations for output files will be wrong
SOLUTION: Write a separate program [for each Instrument Channel] that will map Instrument Channels to correct WRF Bins [for both 8 Bin WRF & 4 Bin WRF] based on size ranges
Mapping File
wrf_bin_version
wrf_bin_number
wrf_diameter_min
wrf_diameter_max
pcasp_min
pcasp_max
cas_min
cas_max
smps_min
smps_max
fims_min
fims_max
8 1 0.0390625 0.078125 6 9 3 6
8 2 0.078125 0.15625 2 7 10 14 7 10
8 3 0.15625 0.3125 8 15 15 18
8 4 0.3125 0.625 16 18 19 21
8 5 0.625 1.25 19 21 2 6
8 6 1.25 2.5 22 28 7 9
8 7 2.5 5 29 30 10 11
8 8 5 10 12 13
4 1 0.0390625 0.15625 2 7 6 14 3 10
4 2 0.15625 0.625 8 18 15 21
4 3 0.625 2.5 19 28 2 9
4 4 2.5 10 29 30 10 13
8 Bin WRF Bin Size Ranges [um]
PCASP Instrument Channels Mapped to 8 Bin WRF Bins
4 Bin WRF Bin Size Ranges [um]
PCASP Instrument Channels Mapped to 4 Bin WRF Bins
Create Output Files For Instrument Channels & WRF Bins Using MILAGRO Convention
pcasp_ch_1_obs.txtpcasp_ch_2_obs.txtpcasp_ch_3_obs.txtpcasp_ch_4_obs.txtpcasp_ch_5_obs.txtpcasp_ch_6_obs.txtpcasp_ch_7_obs.txtpcasp_ch_8_obs.txtpcasp_ch_9_obs.txtpcasp_ch_10_obs.txtpcasp_ch_11_obs.txtpcasp_ch_12_obs.txtpcasp_ch_13_obs.txtpcasp_ch_14_obs.txtpcasp_ch_15_obs.txtpcasp_ch_16_obs.txtpcasp_ch_17_obs.txtpcasp_ch_18_obs.txtpcasp_ch_19_obs.txtpcasp_ch_20_obs.txtpcasp_ch_21_obs.txtpcasp_ch_22_obs.txtpcasp_ch_23_obs.txtpcasp_ch_24_obs.txtpcasp_ch_25_obs.txtpcasp_ch_26_obs.txtpcasp_ch_27_obs.txtpcasp_ch_28_obs.txtpcasp_ch_29_obs.txtpcasp_ch_30_obs.txt
Instrument Channels
4 Bin WRF Bins
pcasp_4binwrf_bin1area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin1number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin1volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4volume_ins_obs.txt
pcasp_8binwrf_bin1area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin1number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin1volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8volume_ins_obs.txt
8 Bin WRF Bins
Same
Locatio
n File
Data
Total Number (n):
The sum of all the particles within the specified channel
n = value
Same
Locatio
n File
Data
Total Area (a):
The entire area of all the particles within the specified channel
a = value1 ( * r ^2) + …
r = midpoint of channel size range
Same
Locatio
n File
Data
Total Volume (v):
The entire volume of all the particles within the specified channel
v = value1 * (4/3) * ( * r ^3) + …
r = midpoint of channel size range
A Special Thanks To…
Anne Case Hanks, Boniface MillsUniversity of Louisiana at Monroe
Jeff Gaffney, Milton ConstantinGlobal Change Education Program
Larry Berg, Carl Berkowitz, Elaine Chapman, Jim Droppo,Bill Gustafson, Laura Riihimaki, Jeremy Rishel, William Shaw, Tricia St HilairePacific Northwest National Laboratory
King Air Output Files
king_air_070611_loc.txt
aerosol_optical_depth_obs.txt
altitude_obs.txt
cloud_top_height_obs.txt
lat_obs.txt
long_obs.txt
planetary_boundary_layer_1_obs.txt
planetary_boundary_layer_2_obs.txt
planetary_boundary_layer_3_obs.txt
time_obs.txt
Transect Flag (tflag) Parameters:
• Flight Leg 2 (L2) = 2
• Flight Leg 1 (L1) = 1
Locatio
n File
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