copper [autosaved]

COPPERis one of trace element…

Copper…?

• Copper (Cu) is one of the micronutrients needed in very small quantities by plants.  The normal range in the growing medium is 0.05-0.5 ppm, while in most tissue the normal range is between 3-10 ppm.  In comparison, the ideal range for iron in the tissue is 20 times higher than that of copper.

BASIC INFORMATION …

Atomic number: 29Atomic weight : 63.54Symbol: CuFormula: CuCu recognize as essential nutrients: SommerYear: 1931Cu in earth crust: 10-50 mg/kgCu in igneous rocks: 20-100 mg/kgMelting point 1085°CAppearance Red-Orange Metallic Luster

Function/Roll of Cu:

• Cu involve on Chlorophyll Formation• Involve in several enzymes systems e.g.

(Cytochrome Oxide)• Participates in lignin formation, protein and

carbohydrate metabolism.• Require for symbiotic N-Fixation.

Deficiency first visible at shoot tips in the form of narrow twisted leaves and pale white tips

• Irregular growth and pale green

Cu Deficiency Symptoms:

Stunted growth.

At maturity panicles/ears are poorly filled or even empty under severe deficiency.

The youngest leaves yellow as they come out of the whorl , and the tip may die.

Corn

The stalk is soft and limp

Copper Deficiency Cannabis Crop• Copper deficiencies are uncommon, but they

can cause major problems with your cannabis crop. A copper deficiency will appear initially in the younger leaves with necrosis. The tips and margins of the leaves will exhibit coppery gray or slightly blue discolorations with a metallic sort of glare. In between the veins, the leaves will yellow.

yellowing, necrotic spots and droopiness of mature leaves.

Cu Toxicity Symptoms

• Interveinal Chlorosis of younger leaves, resembling iron deficiency.

• Inhibition of root growth.

Sugar beatLeaf

Soil Condition Associated With Cu Deficiency:

• Newly rec la imed H is toso ls ,• Peat and muck so i l s• A lka l ine and ca lcareous so i l s

Common Cu Minerals:

• Sulfides are predominant minerals in earth crust.

such as!Chalcopyrite (Cu Fe S2)Chalcocite (Cu2 S)Boronite (Cu Fe S4)

Other copper minerals are!Oxides,CarbonatesSilicatesSulfateschlorite

Forms Of Cu in Soil:

• Soil Solution. • Cation exchange sites of clay and organic matter.• In biological residues and living organisms.• 20-50% cu is an organically bound forms.

Factor Affecting Cu Availability:

• Texture.• pH (Involve relationship).• High zinc(Zn),nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),result

in low cu availability.• Crop residues decreases Cu availability.

Soil Solution Cu:

• Low concentration 10-8 to 10-6 Moll (0.6 to 63 ppb) (parts per billion)

• Cu** is specie at pH <6.9 • Cu(OH)2O is predominant specie at pH>6.9

Cu Solubility:

• Solubility increases 100-fold for each unit decreases in soil ph.

Cu Mobility:

• Cu is immobile in soil, mostly supplied to plant through root interception.

Soil Interactions:

• Cu in the plant can interfere Fe metabolism and cause Fe deficiency.

• It interacts with Mo to interfere with the enzymatic reduction of NO (nitric oxide).

Some Copper Containing Fertilizer: PRODUCT CHEMICAL FORMULA Cu %

Copper Sulfate Monohydrate CuSO4H2O 35%

Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate CuSO45H2O 25%

Cupric Oxide CuO 75%

Copper Chloride CuCl2 17%

Copper Chelates CuEDTA 8-13%

Bordeaux mixture can also correct Cu deficiency.

Crop Tolerant/Sensitive to Cu:

High responsive tocoper fertilization

Tolerant to Cu

Wheat BeanRice PeasOnion SoybeansAlfalfa PotatoesCitrus

Cu Categorization:

Category AB-DTPA DTPA

Low <0.3 <0.2Medium 0.3-0.5 -High >0.5 >0.2