copy of envtal ethics
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Set of moral values
Greekword ethos
Our attitude shaped by social,economical and political factors
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It means surrounding in which any
organization or living system
operates.It includes natural physical entities
like air, water, land and its
resources, human beings, flora,fauna and their interrelationships
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Moral relations between human beings and
their natural environment.
Extending the traditional boundaries of ethics
from solely including humans to including the
non-humanworld.
Study of the values and moral status of human-
environment interactionsConcerns formulating our moral obligations
regarding the environment.
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There are many ethical decisions that human
beings make with respect to the environment.
For example:
Should we continue to clear cut forests for the
sake of human consumption?
Shouldw
e continue to make gasoline pow
eredvehicles?
What environmental obligations do we need to
keep for future generations?
Is it right for humans to knowingly cause theextinction of a species for the convenience of
humanity?
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Guidelines or general rules should
exist
Besides actual laws, there are some
basic, common ethics or principles
Moral philosophy
Morality of human actions
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The first earth day held on April 22, 1970, inthe united states
People realize that some sense of
environmental responsibility should be
developed1949 publication of a book by American
naturalist Aldo Leopold
A sand county almanac contained strong
defense of the environment and argument the
newphilosophy about man and nature
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A sustainable environment is essential to (present andfuture) human well-being.
Distinction between instrumental value and intrinsic value.
a. The value of things as means to further some other ends.
b. The value of things as ends in themselves.
Traditional western ethical perspectives
a. Either assign intrinsic value to human beings alone or
b. Assign a significantly greater amount of intrinsic value tohuman beings than to any nonhuman things
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A challenge to traditional
anthropocentrism.
It questioned the assumed moral
superiority of human beings to members
of other species on earth.
It investigated the possibility of rational
arguments for assigning intrinsic value.
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Every life form is unique, and has intrinsicvalue, regardless of its perceived value to
humans
We should have a profound respect for nature
We must maintain a harmonious relationship
with other species
Everyone should take responsibility for his
impact on natureLocal and indigenous environmental
knowledge should be respected
We must plan for the long term
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Places humans at the centre of the universe
Non-human beings most like human are
usually considered more intelligent, ex.
ChimpanzeesAnthropocentrism not allows humans to bridge
the artificial gap it creates
Anthropocentrism causes humans to misjudge
animal intelligence and awareness
Anthropocentric humans tend to judge non-
human animals according to human cultural
standards
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Direct responsibilities to the natural
world that constitutes, fauna, flora,
ecosystem and other things
Ethical principles should be extended to
all
Ecocentricism values nature
Chipko movement is the best example
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Libertarian extension
Ecologic extensionConservation ethics
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Echoes a civil liberty approach
Deep ecology is the argument for the
intrinsic value or inherent worth of the
environment
Include the rights of non-human animals
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Places emphasis on the recognition of the
fundamental interdependence of all biologicaland abiological entities and their essential
diversity
It argues for the intrinsic value inherent in
collective ecological entities
Looks only at the worth of the environment in
terms of its utility It is the opposite of deep ecology
Also known as shallow ecology
Preservation of the environment on the basis
that it has extrinsic value
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A subject of sustained academic
philosophic reflection in the 1970s.
After 1990 did the field gain institutionalrecognition at various programs.
Offer a masters degree.
Offer a PhD program with a
concentration in environmental ethics.
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Many companies have come to realize that ethical
practices may be a good business.
Environmental Ethics concerns the values system
of societiesRelationship between environmental or ecological
insights and our social and political systems
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Environmental education
Awareness to understand therelationship between human and their
environment.
Make the people understand
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Evidence for future developments
Informed by changes in the political efforts to
ameliorate environmental problems
Businesses should take the lead in tackling
problems
We have environmental obligations
Informed by our scientific understanding of theenvironment
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University student who has contracted a mild, but painful,
eye infection. If left untreated, this type of infection usually clears up
spontaneously within two weeks.
You have been an activist against the unnecessary use of
animals in product testing for several yearsYou have learned that the Draize test was used in testing the
safety of this medication.
The Draize test involves applying the tested product to the
eyes of rabbits to look for irritation and other side effects.
There are alternativeways to test for many such products
Should you use the medication?
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As a chemical engineer for the last 11 years, you are oftencontracted by the small municipality of Walkerville, Ontario to
test drinking water samples.
Earlier this month, in a test ofwater from Walkerville, your
team detected dangerously high levels of a particular.
According to procedure you immediately alerted the Utilities
Commission manager clearly expressing what the water
contained.
But that was 10 days ago and no actions have been taken to
remedy the situation.Because of the high cost associated the manager is not
willing to pursue the matter
Residents of Walkerville have no knowledge of the danger
they might be drinking.
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Does Earth exist entirely for
humanity?
What are the rights of nonhumanspecies and do we have any
obligations to them?
Do we have a duty to be concernedwith future generations?
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