copyright 1997-2002 cardiff software inc. all rights reserved. xml meets forms micah dubinko, cdia...

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XML Meets Forms

Micah Dubinko, CDIAChief XML ArchitectEditor, W3C XForms

Cardiff Software, Inc.3220 Executive Ridge Drive

Vista, CA 92083www.Cardiff.com

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Why Put Forms Online?

• $22.5B Spent on Pre-Printed Forms (US)(DMIA Formtrac)

• 30% of Pre-Printed Forms Turn to Waste(DMIA Formtrac)

• A Single Paper Form Costs An Organization $30 - $165 to Use, Process and Enter (Microsoft Study)

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Historical eForm Approaches Have Limitations

• Proprietary eForm formats - vendor lock-in• Client/server• Browser plugins• Java applets• Proprietary formats: XFDL, XFA

• eForms = Programming• Unfriendly for non-technical users• Creation & maintenance of forms is IT-resource

intensive

• Few vendors offer migration path from paper• Getting from paper to eForms is slow, expensive• Once on eForms, no automated support for paper

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

“5 Phases of eForms”

Phase1Phase1““Print to Print to

PDFPDFAnd Put And Put Online” Online”

Phase2Phase2““Fill and Fill and Print” Print”

Phase3Phase3““Design, Design,

Fill,Fill,Validate, Validate, Print or Print or

Submit” Submit”

Phase4Phase4““Fill,Fill,

Validate, Validate, Print/SubmiPrint/Submi

t and t and Route”Route”

Phase5Phase5““Design, Fill,Design, Fill,

Validate, Validate, Attach, Attach,

Print/Submit, Print/Submit, Route, Digitally Route, Digitally

Sign, and Sign, and Output/ConnecOutput/Connec

t” t”

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

World Web Consortium (W3C) XForms

• XForms Working Group created to define a Web-based standard for presentation and information

• W3C XForms Working Group• Members include Cardiff Software, IBM,

Oracle, Netscape, HP, Xerox, Ericsson, Mozquito and others…

• Author and technical editor of the draft specification

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda

• The New XForms Standard• XForms Design Goals• XForms Quick Tour• XForms vs. Closed Systems• Preparing for XForms Today• Further Information

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Requirements

• Define XML interface for eForms• Define form presentation format• Define data format and structure• Leverage XML Schema, later XML

Digital Signature• Provide a suitable replacement for

HTML forms• Provide greater Accessibility

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Design Goals

• Be a good XML citizen• Seamless integration with other XML tag sets

• Anywhere, anyone, any time, any device• Support for desktop browsers, handheld,

phones, ATMs, gasoline pumps, etc…• Remove Script Dependencies

• Richer user interface to meet the needs of business, consumer and device control applications

• From simple client/server to n-tier• Decoupled data, logic and presentation

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

A Brief History of eForm Standards

Pre-1993: Proprietary,Client/Server

1993: HTML forms

1994–2001: Nothing happened

2002: XForms

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

HTML Forms Limitations

• Some Assembly Required• <input value=“initial value”>

• Primitive Data Representation• URL encoded

• Need Script to do anything…• Validations• Calculations• Dynamic Forms

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

The “New” Web

0

20

40

60

80

100

2001 2002 2003 2004

Trend: Conventional Browsers are historyBrowsersDevices

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Conformance Profiles

• Two conformance profiles to support wide range of devices

• Basic: small devices, TV, phones, etc.• Full: desktop browsers, servers

• High-level form control definitions• Flexibility in implementation

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

How It Works

• XForms separates the data from the form definition

<html>

</html>

<head>

</head>XForms Model

Purpose(non-visible)

<body>

</body>

PresentationForm controls

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

How It Fits In

User Presentation

ImplementationImplementationPlatformPlatformToolsTools

FrameworksFrameworks

Application SchemasApplication Schemas

Core StandardsCore StandardsW3C XML, XSL, etc.

W3C XForms, XML Sign

Vendor Implementations

XForms ServicesDesigner/HTML/PDF/XMLWeb Server (Routing, etc)Connectivity (Data/Archive)

User PresentationHTML

Adobe PDF

Others via XSL

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Model

• Defines the ‘Purpose’ of the form• Includes:

• Instance Data• XForms specific properties and actions• Submit Information

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Model

• Single, device-independent XML form definition

• Works with standard or proprietary user interfaces

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Separate Purpose from Data

Purpose Presentation Data

Event Registration Arrangement of form controls

Registration information

Employee

hours worked

UI for collecting dates and times worked

Days and hours worked

eCommerce application

Present shopping user interface

Order, shipping, and payment info

Information request

Integrate forms UI into WWW page

User contact information

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Instance

• Provides template for your data• Provides default or partially submitted

data• Can be inline or referenced externally

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Without Scripting

• XML Schema defines static constraints• Datatypes• minimum/maximum occurrences

• XForms extends these with ‘computed expressions’

• Evaluated at runtime• Is something relevant or required?• Calculated fields

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms UI Controls

• <selectOne ref="my:icecream/my:flavor"> <caption>Flavour</caption> <item><caption>Vanilla</caption><value>v</value></item> <item><caption>Strawberry</caption><value>s</value></item> <item><caption>Chocolate</caption><value>c</value></item></selectOne>

listbox checkbox radio menu

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Vs. HTML Controls

XForms form control

Closest HTML equivalent

Description

<input> <input type="text"> For entry of small amounts of text

<textarea> <textarea> For entry of large amounts of text

<secret> <input type="password">

For entry of sensitive information

<output> N/A For inline display of any instance data

<range> N/A For smooth "volume control" selection of a value

<upload> <input type="file"> For upload of file or device data

<button> <button> For activation of form events

<submit> <input type="submit"> For submission of form data

<selectOne> <select> or <input type="radio">

For selection of one option among several

<selectMany> <select multiple="multiple">

For selection of many options

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Actions

• Defines common set of behaviors for forms

• Allows event processing without requiring Javascript

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Action

• Messages• <message level=“ephemeral”>Please enter the number…</message>• <message level=“modal”>This field is required (Street)</message>• <message level=“modeless”>Have you forgotten your

password</message>

ephemeral

modeless

modal

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

XForms Submit

• Provides How, Where, and What to submit

• Multiple models per page• Partial form submission

• Default is ‘post’ of XML Instance

Submit

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

HTML vs. XForms

HTML1. Poor integration

with XML 2. Device dependent,

running well only on desktop browsers

3. Blending of purpose and presentation

4. Limited accessibility features

XForms1. Excellent XML and

Schema integration

2. Device independent, yet still useful on desktop browsers

3. Strong separation of purpose from presentation

4. Universal accessibility

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Proprietary Proprietary FormatFormat

Client/Server eForms = Closed SystemsProductProductss

User ExperienceUser Experience

JetformJetformFillerFiller

FormFlow99 FormatJetform

PureEdgePureEdgePureEdge

FillerFillerPureEdge Form Format

Shana ShanaShanaFillerFiller

Shana Informed Format

X X

XX

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

Making the Transition

• Deploy XML data through Web Services• RPC-style bad; Document-style good• Plain-old XML even better

• Don’t assume browser-only access• Avoid dependence on HTML processing• Think beyond client-server• Embrace open standards

Preparing for the future of eForms:

Copyright 1997-2002 Cardiff Software Inc. All rights reserved.

For More Information…

• http://www.w3.org/TR/xforms/• http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms• http://www.xml.com/• http://dubinko.info/

• Mailing List:• www-forms@w3.org Subj:“subscribe”