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Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications –
Short Tutorial and R&D Trends
Amjad Umar
website: www.amjadumar.com
Objective: Share Experience based on –Industrial involvement and industrial research –university teaching
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Outline
•Framework for Discussion •Mobile Applications (M-Business, M-Business, M-Government, M-Life, Positional Apps) •Platforms to Support Mobile Applications
–Mobile IP –Wireless middleware (WAP, iMode, J2ME, BREW, MMIT)
•Wireless Networks–Wireless PANs (Sensor Networks, Bluetooth, UWB)–Wireless LANs (Wi-Fi, 802.11a to n)–Wireless Local Loops and Free Space Optics –Cellular networks: from 1 to 5G Networks –Satellite communications and Deep Space Networking
•Security, Integration, and Management Issues •University Course Outline
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
The Jargon
M-Business, M-Government
M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce
M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal
Symbian WAP MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW
Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC
Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF
Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN
OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA •State of the art•State of the market•State of the practice
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks
Mobile Business, Government, and Life
Mobile Computing Applications
Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)
Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,
Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)
•Architectures and Integration
•Wireless Security
•Management and Support
•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards
Drivers
Enablers Research and development in every building block
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Mobile Computing Applications• Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of
– Customers– Suppliers and Businesses – Employees
• Mobile computing applications
– Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)
– Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants• Positional commerce (p-commerce) . • Voice commerce (v-commerce). • Television commerce (T-Commerce)
– Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal, N-SCM
– Specialized applications – Many areas of research • Location sensitive apps (E911)
• Wireless sensor network apps
• Mobile agent apps
• Two views: – Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications.– Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications
• Research in every aspect
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Supporting M-Apps: Mobile Computing Platforms
M o b ile D ev ice (C e ll P h o n e , P D A , P o ck e t P C )
S e rv e r (W eb S e rv e r, eM a il se rv e r,M a in fra m e)
A p p lica tio n
P h ys ica l W ire le ss N e tw o rk
(A n te n n a s , T ra n sce iv e rs , B a se S ta tio n s , C e llu la r N e tw o rks , 8 0 2 .1 1 L A N s , S a te llite s )
M id d lew are S e rv ice s
N e tw o rkT ran sp o rt S e rv ice s
L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s
A p p lica tio n
M o b ile C o m p u tin gP la tfo rm N etw o rk
T ran sp o rt S e rv ice s
L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s
M id d lew are S e rv ice s
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Mobile Computing Platforms
•Mobile operating systems- Palm OS-Windows CE- Symbian OS
•Mobile database managers•Mobile transaction managers•Utilities for mobile devices•Wireless Middleware (information hiding versus Information providing) •Wireless Gateways: Collection of Middleware services•Mobile Application Servers
•Research and development in every aspect
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Web
WAPGateway
WebServer
Servelet
Content(XML/HTML)
eCommerceModule
HTML/XML
WML
VoiceXMLGateway
VoiceXML
Many players - WAP -iMode-J2ME - BREW-MMIT
Industry activity- Open Mobility Alliance
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Mobile IP – The Roaming in Wireless Internet World
IP
Network
ISP Servers
NSP POPHome Networkfor A
NSP POPForeign Networkfor A
Mobile Node A
ForeignAgent
HomeAgent
1
2
3
4
5
Research issues: • Can Mobile IP replace roaming • Security issues •Performance issues•
Flash OFDM Uses Mobile IP For cellular networks
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms
• Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth, Sensors, UWB, Zigbees)
• Wireless LANs (802.11 family)• Fixed Wireless Local loops • Cellular networks
– 1G to 5G• Satellite systems
Many Research Issues: short list • Lower level issues (e.g., signaling, error correction, smart antennas) • Mobile Adhoc Networks • Voice over 802.11
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Networks
SatelliteSystems
CellularNetworks
Wireless LANs
Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage
Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage
Example1:802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters
Other examples:802.11g, HiperLAN2
Wireless WANs
PersonalArea Networks
BusinessLANs
Example1:Bluetooth1 Mbps, 10 Meters
Other examples:wireless sensor networks, UWB
Example1: Motorola Iridiumup to 64 Mbps globally
Example 2:Deep space communication
WirelessLocal Loops(Fixed Wireless)
Wireless MANs
Example1: LMDS37 Mbps, 2-4 Km
Example2:FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM
Paging Networks
Example1:FLEX, 1.2 Kbps
Example2:ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Research and Development issues unique to wireless•Frequency allocation (efficient frequency utilization) •Multiple Access (CDMA vs TDMA) •Location services (Data rate versus speed of mobile devices) •Error correction (e.g., Turbo codes) •Signalling and encoding (PCM versus Delta code modulation)•Antenna design (smart antennas)
Local Area Networks (LANs) Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs)
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Wired Wired LANs
Ethernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to500 meters)
Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to500 meters)
Wired MANs
FDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)
Wired WANs
ATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps)
Frame Relay (44 Mbps)
Wireless Wireless LANs
Bluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters)
IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps,100 meters)
Wireless MANs
wireless local loops (10 Mbps,100 Kilometers)
Wireless WANs
Current GSM systems at9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2Mbps
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless PANs: Home Networking
Wireless LAN2
(Master/slave)
First Floor
= Wireless AdapterWireless connection
Wireless connection
Second Floor
Printer
Baby Monitor
TV
Phone
Laptop
Laptop
xDSL, cable, ISDN, or other
Main PC
InternetGateway
Players: •Bluetooth•Sensor networks•UWB •802.11•Zigbees •HomeR/F (dead)
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Bluetooth
Cellular Network
PSTN
AccessPoint
WiredLAN Bluetooth Piconet
(1 Mbps, 10 meters, mobile adhoc network)
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Wireless Sensor Networks
Network of Tiny Sensors
Network of Tiny Sensors
Network of Powerful Sensors
Powerfulserver
Many R&Defforts
Sensor = mote
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802.11 Family LANs
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
CentrexRouter
Link to
Public Ethernet
T1orDSL
X
Y Z
LAN Server
Wired Ethernet LAN
•X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs
A B
C D
•A, B, C, D arestudent laptops
11a, 11b, 11g11n11i – security
11e – QoS
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Inter-Exchange Switch
Telephone
LAN
PBX, TV
WirelessLocal LoopOfferings(MMDS, LMDS)
Toll ConnectingTrunks
Inter-Exchange Switch
LocalControlOffice
Telephone
Wired Local Loop
Toll ConnectingTrunks
IntertollTrunks
Wireless Local Loops
Narrowband –telephony servicesBroadband –high-speed data service
Interestingapplications
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Cellular Networks
Public SwitchedTelephoneNetwork(PSTN)
MobileTelephoneSwitchingCenter(MTSC)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Mobile User
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cordless connection
Wired connection
HLR VLR
HLR = Home Location Register
VLR = Visitor Location Register
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Evolution: 1G to 5G
1G(<1Kbps)
1 Kbps
10 Kbps
100 Kbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
Data Rates
1980 1990 2000 2010
2G(9.6Kbps)
2.5G(10-150Kbps)
3G(144Kbps to 2Mbps)
Years
4-5G(10 Mbps+)
Research Issues• Mobility vs data rate• error correction • Intelligent Antennas• Intelligent radio
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Satellite Communications
UplinkDownlink
GEO= 35,000 km, 250 ms delay LEO = 4,000 km, 20 ms delayMEO = 10,000 km, 50 ms delay
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Research Issue:Deep Space Networking
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Other issues
•Integration
•Security
•Management and support
•Regulations and standards
•Wireless Business and Industry
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Integration – Vision
ContentProvider
WebContent
EnterpriseDatabases
OfficeLAN
(802.11)
HomeLAN
(802.11)
HomeLAN
(Bluetooth)
CellularCell
(GSM, GPRS)
HotspotLAN
(802.11)
ContentProvider
WebContent
EnterpriseDatabases
ContentProvider
CellularCell(3G)
Wirelessand WiredWAN
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Integration Framework
M-Business andMobile Applications (SMS, MMS,
Voice, M-commerce)
M-Business andMobile Applications (SMS, MMS,
Voice, M-commerce)
Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)
Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites)
Mobile Computing Platforms- Wireless Middleware (WAP, I-Mode, J2ME)- Mobile Platform Services (Mobile OS, Utilities)
Wireless Internet
and Mobile IP
•Network interfaces•Handoffs•Multiratecards
•Roaming Support through Mobile IP
•Shield the app. developers from the network heterogeneities
•Provide consistent user interfaces for seamless operations.
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Vertical Versus Horizontal Integrations
App1
Platform1
Network1 Integrated Physical Network
App1
Platform1
a). Total Vertical Integration b). Horizontal Integration at Network Level
App 2
Platform2
Network2
App2
Platform2
App1
Network1
c). Horizontal Integration at Platform Level
App 2
Network2
Integrated Platform + IP
Platform1
Network1
Platform2
Network2
Integrated Applications
d). Horizontal Integration at Application Level
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Security – The Big Picture
SecuritySolutions
External Factors •Intruder/attacker/assault Threats•Privacy and confidentialty laws•Consumer/customer attitudesOrganizational Requirements•Survivability and Tolerance •Requirements•QoS Requiremensts•Budgettary and policy restrictions
IT Assets•Applications and automated services•Databases, files•Computing platforms•Middleware (e.g., web servers)•Networks (hardware, routing software)
Latest Security Technologies•Cryptographic techniques•Managing digital certificates and PKI•Secure payment systems•Significant research developments
Physical Assets•Humans•Buildings•Other corporate assets(e.g., planes, trains, andautomobiles)
Unique issues: - medium - mobility
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
User View (PIA4)Privacy
assure privacy of information (i.e., no one other than the authorized people can see the information) in storage or transmission
Integrity the integrity of information (i.e., no unauthorized modification)
Authentication: identify for certain who is communicating with you
Authorization (Access control): determine what access rights that person has).
Accountability (Auditing): . assure that you can tell who did what when and convince yourself that the system keeps its security
promises. Includes non-repudiation (NR) -- the ability to provide proof of the origin or delivery of data. NR protects the sender against a false denial by the recipient that the data has been received. Also
protects the recipient against false denial by the sender that the data has been sent.. a receiver cannot say that he/she never received the data or the sender cannot say that he/she
never sent any data
Availability: access to system when a user needs it
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Sample Wireless Security Technologies
Applications
Middleware
Wireless Link
•802.11 security (WEP) •Cellular network security •Satellite link security•WLL and cordless link security
•SSL and TLS•WAP security (WTLS) •Web security (HTTPS, PICS, HTTP Headers) •Proxy server security
•SET for transaction security•S/MIME and PGP for secure email•Java security (sandboxes) •Database security
TCP/IP•IPSEC and wirless VPN •Mobile IP
Can usehigher levelservices to compensate for lower layers
Tradeoffs inperformance and security
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Security Example
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
CentrexRouter andFirewall
Link to
Public Internet
T1orDSL
X
Y Z
LAN Server
Fast Ethernet LAN(Backbone)
1. No physical net security(server ID/PW) 2. No physical net security(server ID/PW + encryption)3. Physical net security at APs(optional server ID/PW + encryption)
A B
C D
Wired Ethernet LAN
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Management and Business
STRATEGIC PLANNING• Business Strategy Analysis•Analyzing Business Processes and Business Workflows•Mobile Application Identification and Selection.
CAPABILITY EVALUATION•Wireless Infrastructure Planning
•Capacity Planning & Traffic Engineering
•Resource and Cost Estimation
DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT• Mobile application development• Wireless infrastructure developmentOutsourcing the Wireless Infrastructure
MONITORING AND CONTROL•Wireless fault and performance management
•Wireless Security and configuration management
ORGANIZING/STAFFING. Mobile Virtual Teams . Mobile Real-time Enterprises
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Wireless Value Chain
Wireless
Network
Operators
Wireless
Network
Element
Providers
Middleware/
Gateway
Providers
Content
Providers/
Aggregators
Mobile
Application
Providers
Mobile
Device
Builders
Enterprise
Wireless
Users
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Reference Model
1. Physical
2. Data Layer
3. Network
4. Transport
5. Session
6. Presentation
7. Application
Call Switching
(Cellular networks,Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)
PSTN Routing
WirelessTelephoneBusiness
IP DataNetwork Routing
WirelessManagement Business
WirelessConsultingBusiness
WirelessTelephonyApplications and Services
Physical Network Elements
WirelessNetworkManagement
WirelessApplication and Platform Management
WirelessNetworkConsultingand EngineeringServices
SystemsConsulting
Applications(e.g., SMS, email,Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB)
Wireless DataNetworkBusiness
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Course Outline: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications
Legend: U: Umar, A., "Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications” SessionsSession 1: Introduction and Mobile Applications U-Ch.1-Ch.2 Session 2: Wireless Web and Wireless Platforms - (U-Ch.3)Session 3: WAP, VoiceXML - (U-Ch.4)Session 4: Wireless Communication Principles (Antennas, Signals) - (U-Ch.5), (S – Ch. 5-6) Session 5: Wireless Communication Technology (spread spectrum, coding and error control ) - (U-Appendix B) Session 6: Wireless LANs and IEEE 802.11 (U-Ch. 6)Session 7: Mobile Adhoc Networks and WPANs (U-Ch. 6, Ch. 7) Session 8:, Bluetooth, UWB, Wireless Sensor Networks (U-Ch. 7-Ch. 10)Session 9: Cellular Networks - 2G, 2.5G, 3G (U-Ch. 8)Session 10: Fixed wireless networks and wireless local loops (U-Ch. 9)Session 11: Satellite Communications, FSO, Flash OFDM - (U-Ch. 9, Ch. 10)Session 12: Wireless Architectures and Traffic Engineering (U-Ch. 11)Session 13: Special topics - wireless security, wireless network management (U-Ch. 12, 13) Session 14-15: Student led discussion on various research and development topics (Project 3)
Note: For variants of this course and additional details/instructional materials, contact me.
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Textbook: “Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications”,
A. Umar, NGE Solutions, 2004. Available through Amazon.com
Part I: Mobile Computing Applications and Platforms Chapter 1: Overview and the Big Picture Chapter 2: Mobile Computing Applications: Supporting M-Business and M-Government Chapter 3: Wireless Internet, Mobile IP, and Wireless Web Chapter 4: Mobile Computing Platforms, Middleware, and Servers
Part II: Wireless NetworksChapter 5: Wireless Network Principles Chapter 6: Wireless LANs -- 802.11 and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Chapter 7: Wireless Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth, UWB, and Sensor Networks Chapter 8: Cellular Networks -- From 1G to 5GChapter 9: Wireless Local Loops and Satellite CommunicationsChapter 10: Emerging Wireless Networks: UWB, FSO, MANET, and Flash OFDM
Part III: Architectures, Security and Management Chapter 11: Integrated Architectures for Wireless Chapter 12: Wireless Security Chapter 13: Management and Support Issues Part IV: AppendicesAppendix A: Tutorial on Network Basics Appendix B: Closer Look at Physical Wireless Communications
Ebook version for instructor evaluation and instructor materials are available (contact me)
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Concluding Comments
• The following framework (see figure on next page) provides a good framework for R&D trends in mobile computing and wireless communications
• Additional details– Email: umar@amjadumar.com
– Website: www.amjadumar.com
Copyrights: Amjad Umar
Framework for Discussion: The Building Blocks of Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications
Mobile Business, Government, and Life
Mobile Computing Applications
Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)
Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,
Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)
•Architectures and Integration
•Wireless Security
•Management and Support
•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards
Drivers
Enablers Research and development in every building block
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