cs-ee 481 spring 2006 1founder’s day, 2006 university of portland school of engineering electric...
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CS-EE 481 Spring 2006
Founder’s Day, 2006 1University of Portland School of Engineering
Electric Vehicle Drive System
AuthorsSteven Arlint
Abdullah Binsaeed
Dustin Buscho
AdvisorDr. Robert J. Albright
Industry RepresentativeMr. Paul M. Menig
Freightliner
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Agenda
• Introduction Dustin Buscho• Background Dustin Buscho• Methods Steven Arlint• Results Steven Arlint• Conclusions Abdullah Binsaeed• Demonstration Abdullah Binsaeed
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Introduction• Light Weight Electric Vehicle Drive System• Designed for motor scooter or motorcycle• Designed to compete against gasoline based systems• It is an important technology for inner-city commuting• Solves problem of lack of purpose built electronics
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Background: drive system
• Driver and vehicle weight of approximately 450 lbs.
• Target speed of 35 MPH• No target range (depends on batteries used)• Main emphasis on the motor control and feedback• Displays data
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Background
• 450 lb weight is
for 170 lb. rider• Used go-kart chassis
for approximation
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Background: speed of 35 MPH
• Requires adequate power in controller• 120 volts, 50 amperes continuous (6 KW)• Peak power of 15 KW• 120 volt motor and battery needed
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Background: no target range
• Lead acid vs. Nickel vs. Lithium• The more money the more range
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Background: displays data
• Speed• Distance• Voltage• Current• Power• Cumulative Power
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Methods: initial research
• Learned industry standards• Motor types (testing and Simulink)• Control circuitry (Simulink)• Battery types (testing)
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Methods: initial design
• Basic power electronics module (PSPICE)• Inexpensive motor and batteries• Chose microcontroller based control (MPLAB)• Connect the two systems (hand calculations)
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Methods: first circuit build
• Simple microcontroller code (MPLAB)• Small scale (12 volts) (Oscilloscope)• Medium scale (36 volts) (Oscilloscope)
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Methods: second design
• Start of second semester• 120 volt• Added control• Fail safes• Regenerative braking
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Methods: final build and design
• Spring break• Digital gauge interfaced to logic control board• Sensors interfaced to digital gauge• Full version of microcontroller code (MPLAB)
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Methods: Simulink
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Methods: Simulink
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Methods: Simulink
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Methods: MPLAB
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Methods: PSPICE120 Volts, 50% Duty cycle, 5kHz period, Full load
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Methods: PSPICE120 Volts, 50% Duty cycle, 500Hz period, Full load
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Methods: VisioTachometer
Throttle
Volt Meter
Logic Control
DisplayControl
Power Electronics
Main Battery
Main Contactor
Kill Switch
Motor
Fans
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Results: three board architecture
• Power electronics• Logic control• Digital display gauge
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Results: power electronics
• Controls power flow• Forward drive• Regenerative braking
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Results: logic control
• The middle board• Controls throttle, motor, regen, cooling, relay• Designed to fail off (pull down resistors)
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Results: digital display
• Interfaces to logic control board and sensors• Samples all sensors @ 60Hz.• Performs math to calculate current• Over current conditions
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Testing Results
• 35 MPH achieved• Current draw of 50 amperes accelerating• Digital display gauge is operational• No over heating in electronics• Kill switch works
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Areas of Improvement
• Current sensor• Microcontroller selection• Motor (ohmic loss)• Batteries (old)
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Improvements: current sensor
• Measuring current
• Reason: math operations in microcontroller
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Improvements: microcontroller
• General purpose
• Additional performance
• Two microcontrollers– Digital display gauge– Motor controller
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Improvements: motor & batteries
• DC motor– Ohmic loss– Job done
• Lead acid batteries– Old– Internal resistance higher
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Conclusions
• Purpose built electronics is key to electric vehicles• Electric motors can compete against gas engines• Being cost competitive as possible• Each person will have their reasons
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Demonstration
• Driving and regenerative braking• Digital display gauges
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Completed Product (side)
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