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Rio de Janiero, BrazilFall 2012Design III
Professor: Karen FairbanksTA: Marcelo
Editors: Ava Amirahmadi + Caroline Lukins
-
1TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONi. - v.
EDITORS NOTE1 - 20
GUEST LECTURES21 - 30
STUDENT PROJECTS31 - 60
TRIP TO BRAZIL61 - 86
BARNARD + COLUMBIA EXHIBIT87 - 100
STUDIO X - RIO EXHIBIT101 -110
RESOURCE RESEARCH21 - 30
-
2
-
3INTRODUCTION
NEW YORK, NY
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
B+C ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITON
STUDIO-X RIO EXHIBITION
-
4
-
5RESOURCES RESEARCH
AGRICULTURE
WASTE
GEOLOGY
TREES
WATER
HANNAH NOVACK + ZOE NAMEROW
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE
CAROLINE LUTKINS + BENITA TRENK
MANUEL CORDERO + KEENAN KORTH
AVA AMIRAHMADI + SHIVINA HARJANI
-
6AGRICULTURE
HANNAH NOVACK + ZOE NAMEROW
-
7
-
8Urban Agricultural Practices in Rios Favelas Five Case Studies Conservation & Education
Gastronomy
Public Space
Community SustainabilityVale Encantado, Alto da Boa Vista
Land Reuse and Urban FarmingGreen My Favela, Rocinha
Favela Orgnica, Babilnia
Verdejar, Complexo do Alemo
Siti, Vidigal
$
$
$
TourismNutritionLeisure SpaceElementary EducationEconomy
$
Residents maintain backyard and com-munity gardens / Limit construction to prevent further environmental damage / Solar panels installed as a pilot project
Offers cooking classes and workshops to teach food con-servation
Total utilization of foods including stems, skins and peels
Host monthly Taster events to pro-mote healthier and more economic eating / Cater events
Social and environmental urban remediation project / Maps potential green spaces in Rios largest Favela
Rocinha+Verde: In coordination with Rocinha Mundo da Arte / Educates children on nutrition and growing edibles
Rocinha Eco-Parque: Public space / Vertical garden / Main-tained by community volunteers
The Prefeitura (City Hall) tore down some buildings to clear out this square, left the trees around the edges, and called it an ecological park. / Site a former neglected trash deposit
Community initiative to clean up and com-plete the eco-park / Rich plant diversity and recycled materials as ornamentation
Prime real estate location of Vigidal poses threat to favela community
Advocate for environmental conservation and recuperation of Serra da Misericrdia, an
unprotected forest
Conduct various workshops and youth programs to promote permaculture and
agroforestry / Job training program
Organize treks through the Serra for tourists, students and residents
Eco Trekking: Conduct tours of Tijuca forest for visitors / employ residents as tour guides
Buffet: Promote traditional, cultural reci-pes using organic, locally grown produce / Cater events
Craft production helps generate income for women and youth of community
1.4 million people live in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, which is about of the total population
8
-
9Urban Agricultural Practices in Rios Favelas Five Case Studies Conservation & Education
Gastronomy
Public Space
Community SustainabilityVale Encantado, Alto da Boa Vista
Land Reuse and Urban FarmingGreen My Favela, Rocinha
Favela Orgnica, Babilnia
Verdejar, Complexo do Alemo
Siti, Vidigal
$
$
$
TourismNutritionLeisure SpaceElementary EducationEconomy
$
Residents maintain backyard and com-munity gardens / Limit construction to prevent further environmental damage / Solar panels installed as a pilot project
Offers cooking classes and workshops to teach food con-servation
Total utilization of foods including stems, skins and peels
Host monthly Taster events to pro-mote healthier and more economic eating / Cater events
Social and environmental urban remediation project / Maps potential green spaces in Rios largest Favela
Rocinha+Verde: In coordination with Rocinha Mundo da Arte / Educates children on nutrition and growing edibles
Rocinha Eco-Parque: Public space / Vertical garden / Main-tained by community volunteers
The Prefeitura (City Hall) tore down some buildings to clear out this square, left the trees around the edges, and called it an ecological park. / Site a former neglected trash deposit
Community initiative to clean up and com-plete the eco-park / Rich plant diversity and recycled materials as ornamentation
Prime real estate location of Vigidal poses threat to favela community
Advocate for environmental conservation and recuperation of Serra da Misericrdia, an
unprotected forest
Conduct various workshops and youth programs to promote permaculture and
agroforestry / Job training program
Organize treks through the Serra for tourists, students and residents
Eco Trekking: Conduct tours of Tijuca forest for visitors / employ residents as tour guides
Buffet: Promote traditional, cultural reci-pes using organic, locally grown produce / Cater events
Craft production helps generate income for women and youth of community
1.4 million people live in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, which is about of the total population
9
-
10
WASTE
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE
-
11
Rubbish and Recycling in New York City
75% of NYC waste dumped into Atlantic
Department of Sanitation set up
1/3 of NYC garbage is burned.1,700 building incinerators22 municipal incinerators
Fresh Kills is the last landfill in NYC to close
Visitors describe NYC as a "nasal disaster, where some streets smell like bad eggs dissolved in ammonia."
NYC's Metropolitan Board of Health forbids the "throwing of dead animals, garbage or ashes into the streets.
The first garbage incinerator in the U.S. is built on Governors Island
The Mobro, a Long Island garbage barge, is turned away by six states and three countries. The garbage is finally inciner-ated in Brooklyn
Fresh Kills becomes the largest landfill in the world. Viewable from Space
NYC banned from dumping municipal waste in the Atlantic Ocean, commer-cial and industrial waste dumping still continues.
1800
1881
1866
1880
1885
1933
1960s
1986
1987
2001
Major Bloomberg begins 20yr plan to alter waste disposal routes
2011
First recycling established:food waste: steamed and com-pressed to produce grease for soap productsand fertilizerrubbish: paper and other mar-ketable materials ash: with the nonsalable rubbish was landlled
Local Law 19Recycling becomes mandatory
Recycling EndsLabor and materials shortages due to WWI
Visy Paper Millopened on Staten IslandRecycles all Paper Materials
Glass and plasticrecycling collection temporarily suspended due to budget cuts
The rst recycling center is established in New York City.
NYC sets up rst garbage sorting plant
1898
18971895
1918
1989
1997
2002-2004
Public Space Recycling Pilot begins placing recycling bins on streets
2007
-
12
119th Street
117th Street
115th Street
113th Street
111th Street
120th Street
118th Street
116th Street
114th Street
112th Street
110th Street
Broa
dway
Broa
dway
Waste
Organic
Recyclable
2004-5 NYC Waste CharacterizationStudy of Street Basket Waste
47%
16%
37%
The User
-
13
After rubbish trucks pick up street trash, they bring the waste to these stations where they
are stored until they are trasnfered to landfills.Without being sorted.
After recycling gets picked up by Department of Sanitation trucks, it is sent to these location where
the profitable recyclables (80%) are removed. The remaining is transfered to landfills
23%
34%
15% paper and card
4.1% metal
2.4% glass
1.5% plastic
0.4% beverage carton21.4% food scraps
5.2% yard trim-
7.2% nonrecyclable paper
13.4% other plastic
7% textiles
21.7% other
23%0.7% electronic waste
Sims Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
Sims MRF,
Sims MRF,
Sims MRF,
Pratt Industries
rail transfer station
marine transfer station
truck transfer station
Broadway at 116th Broadway at 114th Broadway at 110th
Sunday afternoon 5pm
Sunday late night 12
:30
amM
onday morning 8
am
The Transportplastic, glass, paper
plastic, glass, paper
plastic, glass, paper
plastic, glass, paper
paper
-
14
Urban MiningRocinha, So Paulo
Recycled ParkVidigal Siti
Favela OrganicaRio de Janeiro
Seropdica
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
Porous tubes in a layer of sand beneath the piled waste collect leachate as it
seeps downward and pump it to a treatment center where it is cleaned
and recycled water is harvested.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Rio de Janeiro
Seropdica
So Joo & Bandeirantes
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
*So Joo & Bandeirantes: plants now generate over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the electricityconsumed by So Paulo. An estimated 11 milliontons of CO2 have been prevented from entering
the atmosphere*
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Rio de JaneiroSao Paulo
So Joo
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
GramachoPre-2012
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
If labor is available and private demand is sucient, catadores pick through trash to
recover and sell recyclable materials.
Treatment
Gramacho
-
15Leakage Methane Harvesting
Catadores Government Workers
Rio de Janiero Seropdica
Landll Park
-
16
LOCA
LSCALE
GOVERN
MEN
TSCALE
TRANSITION
via
Gra
mac
ho
CONSUMPTION
AGGREGATION
EXTRACTION
PROCESSING
Urban MiningRocinha, So Paulo
Recycled ParkVidigal Siti
Favela OrganicaRio de Janeiro
Seropdica
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
Porous tubes in a layer of sand beneath the piled waste collect leachate as it
seeps downward and pump it to a treatment center where it is cleaned
and recycled water is harvested.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Rio de Janeiro
Seropdica
So Joo & Bandeirantes
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
*So Joo & Bandeirantes: plants now generate over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the electricityconsumed by So Paulo. An estimated 11 milliontons of CO2 have been prevented from entering
the atmosphere*
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Rio de JaneiroSao Paulo
So Joo
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
GramachoPre-2012
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
If labor is available and private demand is sucient, catadores pick through trash to
recover and sell recyclable materials.
Treatment
Gramacho
Leakage Methane Harvesting Catadores Government Workers Rio de Janiero Seropdica Landll Park
Water Energy Recyclables Land
Water Energy Recyclables Land
16
-
17
LOCA
LSCALE
GOVERN
MEN
TSCALE
TRANSITION
via
Gra
mac
ho
CONSUMPTION
AGGREGATION
EXTRACTION
PROCESSING
Urban MiningRocinha, So Paulo
Recycled ParkVidigal Siti
Favela OrganicaRio de Janeiro
Seropdica
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
Porous tubes in a layer of sand beneath the piled waste collect leachate as it
seeps downward and pump it to a treatment center where it is cleaned
and recycled water is harvested.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Rio de Janeiro
Seropdica
So Joo & Bandeirantes
Wells extract methane from decomposing trash. This methane is burned to generate electricity.
*So Joo & Bandeirantes: plants now generate over 175,000 MW/h each, or 7% of the electricityconsumed by So Paulo. An estimated 11 milliontons of CO2 have been prevented from entering
the atmosphere*
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
Landll is sealed with a plastic liningapplied to a layer of compacted clay.
Rio de JaneiroSao Paulo
So Joo
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Treatment
GramachoPre-2012
Storage
Containment
Harvesting
Results
Earth and trash are layered over each other daily.
If labor is available and private demand is sucient, catadores pick through trash to
recover and sell recyclable materials.
Treatment
Gramacho
Leakage Methane Harvesting Catadores Government Workers Rio de Janiero Seropdica Landll Park
Water Energy Recyclables Land
Water Energy Recyclables Land
17
-
18
GEOLOGY
BENITA TRENK + CAROLINE LUKINS
-
19
Bolton Canal 1832
Manhattan 1660
Harlem Ship Canal 1897
Completed Canal 1979
THE CHANGING COASTLINE OF MANHATTAN BETWEEN 1660 AND 2012
BATTERY PARK CITY1970s
SOUTH STREET SEAPORT
1825
excavated areas
landfills
WORLD FINANCIAL
CENTER1970s and
1980s
RIVERSIDE PARK1937-1941
Manhattan 1950
Manhattan 2012
earliest NYC subways1901
BAKER FIELD, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
1920s
Manhattan 1850
-
20
2012
1890
1860
1790
Coastline Expansionin Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Urban and Natural Zonesin Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Alaor Prata 1885
Alaor Prata 1885
Alaor Prata 1885
Zuzu Angel1971
Tunnel Reboucas 1960
Tunnel Santa Barbara 1960
Copacabana Beach
Castelo/Lapa
Lagoa
Aterro do Flamengo
Lagoa
volume of reclaimed land on site
volume of land taken from site
reclaimed land
Unaltered Land
Mountainous/Forest Areas
Urbanized Areas
Lagoa
Copacabana Beach
Castelo/Lapa
Copacabana Beach
Aterro do Flamengo
Aterro do Flamengo
Current
1790
Aterro doFlamengo:Area Reclaimed from the SeaSite: 1,301,306 sq meters SandSource: Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay
Flamango
Lagoa Rodrigo de FreitasSite: 2,400,000 sq meters lagoonSource: Catumbi hill,Praia do Pinto hill
Praia Do Pinto Hill
Catumbi Hill
Lagoa
CopaCabana Beach (N/S)bSite: 4,500 sq meters BeachSource: Atlantic Ocean
CopaCabana
AtlanticOcean
Morro Do Castelo/LapaSite: HillDestination: Aeroporto SanDumontSwamplands and Lagoa
Lapa/Morro do Castelo
Morro do Castello
1.3 Million M
4,000 M
1.0 M
2.4 Million M 2
2
2
2
reclaiming riousing natural materials to create artificial siteswhich play an integral role in the citys urbanization
1922-1931
1982
2012-2016
Christ the Redeemer Statue
60,000 peices of stone
$19 million renovation
renovated in 1980 1990 2003 2010
mountainous regions
urbanized regions
1790
Currenturbanized regionsnaturallandform
1979-2009
subway lines 1 & 2
2012-2016
2030LEGACY MODE
2018transition MODE
2016olympic games
olympic park
olympic development
tourism
transportation
39.6 meters tall 30 meters wide
reinforced concrete and soapstone 32
trains
182 cars550,000
passengers/day line 1: 18km longline 2; 24km long
Olympic zones
favelasUNESCO sites
program interference
+6subway stations
+14km
scale of urban impact
capacity (volume in square meters)
level of use (#people/day or event)0-5,000500-200,000
200,000+
0-2,0002,000-50,000
50,000+
5,000 visitors/day
reclaimed excavated
185 acres
Movement of urbanizatino upagainst and onto hillsides
1820
1920
80,000 people
Barra da Tijuca
Maracan
Copacabana
-
21
2012
1890
1860
1790
Coastline Expansionin Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Urban and Natural Zonesin Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Alaor Prata 1885
Alaor Prata 1885
Alaor Prata 1885
Zuzu Angel1971
Tunnel Reboucas 1960
Tunnel Santa Barbara 1960
Copacabana Beach
Castelo/Lapa
Lagoa
Aterro do Flamengo
Lagoa
volume of reclaimed land on site
volume of land taken from site
reclaimed land
Unaltered Land
Mountainous/Forest Areas
Urbanized Areas
Lagoa
Copacabana Beach
Castelo/Lapa
Copacabana Beach
Aterro do Flamengo
Aterro do Flamengo
Current
1790
Aterro doFlamengo:Area Reclaimed from the SeaSite: 1,301,306 sq meters SandSource: Guanabara Bay
Guanabara Bay
Flamango
Lagoa Rodrigo de FreitasSite: 2,400,000 sq meters lagoonSource: Catumbi hill,Praia do Pinto hill
Praia Do Pinto Hill
Catumbi Hill
Lagoa
CopaCabana Beach (N/S)bSite: 4,500 sq meters BeachSource: Atlantic Ocean
CopaCabana
AtlanticOcean
Morro Do Castelo/LapaSite: HillDestination: Aeroporto SanDumontSwamplands and Lagoa
Lapa/Morro do Castelo
Morro do Castello
1.3 Million M
4,000 M
1.0 M
2.4 Million M 2
2
2
2
reclaiming riousing natural materials to create artificial siteswhich play an integral role in the citys urbanization
1922-1931
1982
2012-2016
Christ the Redeemer Statue
60,000 peices of stone
$19 million renovation
renovated in 1980 1990 2003 2010
mountainous regions
urbanized regions
1790
Currenturbanized regionsnaturallandform
1979-2009
subway lines 1 & 2
2012-2016
2030LEGACY MODE
2018transition MODE
2016olympic games
olympic park
olympic development
tourism
transportation
39.6 meters tall 30 meters wide
reinforced concrete and soapstone 32
trains
182 cars550,000
passengers/day line 1: 18km longline 2; 24km long
Olympic zones
favelasUNESCO sites
program interference
+6subway stations
+14km
scale of urban impact
capacity (volume in square meters)
level of use (#people/day or event)0-5,000500-200,000
200,000+
0-2,0002,000-50,000
50,000+
5,000 visitors/day
reclaimed excavated
185 acres
Movement of urbanizatino upagainst and onto hillsides
1820
1920
80,000 people
Barra da Tijuca
Maracan
Copacabana
-
22
TREES
KEENAN KORTH + MANUEL CORDERO
-
23
-
24
n a t i v e d i s t r i b u t i o n
N E W Y O R K C I T Y L A N D S C A P I N G T R E E S
n a t i v e d i s t r i b u t i o n
B R A Z I L I A N H A R D W O O D S
B R A Z I L I A N M I S C E L L A N E O U S
New York City parks are comprised of tree species from around the world. As an infrastructural resource, 5.2 million living trees draw in and store 1.35 million tons of carbon dioxide annually and cover approximately a quarter of New York City land area. In contrast to New Yorks highly maintained park system, Rio de Janeiros parks, comprised primarily of native species, are less controlled and play a more active role in shaping the urban fabric.
n e w y o r k c i t y
N O R T H A M E R I C A N H A R D W O O D S
N O R T H A M E R I C A N S O F T W O O D S
1 M I L E
N
24
-
25
n a t i v e d i s t r i b u t i o n
N E W Y O R K C I T Y L A N D S C A P I N G T R E E S
n a t i v e d i s t r i b u t i o n
B R A Z I L I A N H A R D W O O D S
B R A Z I L I A N M I S C E L L A N E O U S
r i o d e j a n ei r o
B R A Z I L I A N M I S C E L L A N E O U S
1.6 K M
N
25
-
26
Wood makes up a small niche in the total infrastructure of New York City. However, this infrastructure comes into daily contact with residents. Interestingly, almost all of the woods used in these projects are Brazilian hardwoods imported from South America.
B O A R D W A L KS
$410,992
S M A L L C O N S T R U C T I O N
$50,000
B I R C HB E T U L A A L L E G H A N I E N SI S
B E E C HF A G U S S Y L V A T I C A
M A P L E A C E R S A C C H A R U M
S P R U C EP I C E A
P I N EP I N U S
F I RA B I E S
B R O O K L Y N B R I D G E
$4,032
B E N C H E S
$170,820
Y O S H I N O C H E R R Y
P R U N U S X Y E D O E N SI S
C U C U M B E RM A G N O L I A A C U M I N A T A
G R E E N H A W T H R O N EC R A T A E G U S
A M E R I C A N E L MM A G N O L I A A C U M I N A T A
S W A M PC H E S T N U T
O A KQ U E R C U S M I C H U A XI I
P I N O A KQ U E R C U S P A L U S T R I S
L I T T L EL E A F
L I N D E NT I L A C O R D A T A
M A R I N E S T A T I O N S
$400,000
Rio de Janeiro is currently seeing an influx of public works projects in preparations for the World Cup Tournament in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016. Despite having an abundance of domestic hardwoods a vast amount of timber is still being imported to suit the needs of highly specialized projects. Large projects such as these produce an abundance of wood waste that can then be used for furniture, heating, and makeshift structures.
R E D O A KQ U E R C U S R U B A
S W E E TG U M
L I Q UI D A M B A R S T Y R A C I F L U A
C H E S T N U TC A S T A N E A
H I C K O R YC A R Y A
N O R W A Y M A P L EA C E R P L A T A N OI D E S
L O N D O N P L A N EP L A T A N U S X A C E R I F O L I A
B R A Z I L W O O DC A E S S A L P I N I A B R A SI L
26
-
27
B E N C H E S
$170,820
Y O S H I N O C H E R R Y
P R U N U S X Y E D O E N SI S
C U C U M B E RM A G N O L I A A C U M I N A T A
G R E E N H A W T H R O N EC R A T A E G U S
A M E R I C A N E L MM A G N O L I A A C U M I N A T A
S W A M PC H E S T N U T
O A KQ U E R C U S M I C H U A XI I
P I N O A KQ U E R C U S P A L U S T R I S
L I T T L EL E A F
L I N D E NT I L A C O R D A T A
M A R I N E S T A T I O N S
$400,000
Rio de Janeiro is currently seeing an influx of public works projects in preparations for the World Cup Tournament in 2014 and the Summer Olympic Games in 2016. Despite having an abundance of domestic hardwoods a vast amount of timber is still being imported to suit the needs of highly specialized projects. Large projects such as these produce an abundance of wood waste that can then be used for furniture, heating, and makeshift structures.
R E D O A KQ U E R C U S R U B A
S W E E TG U M
L I Q UI D A M B A R S T Y R A C I F L U A
C H E S T N U TC A S T A N E A
H I C K O R YC A R Y A
N O R W A Y M A P L EA C E R P L A T A N OI D E S
L O N D O N P L A N EP L A T A N U S X A C E R I F O L I A
B R A Z I L W O O DC A E S S A L P I N I A B R A SI L
R U B B E RH E V E A B R A SI L I E N SI S
C H I C L EM A N I L K A R A Z A P O T A
C I N C H O N AC I N C H O N A
G A R A P AA C E R S A C C H A R U M
I P ET A B E B U L I A S P P
C U M A R UD I P T E R Y X O D O R A T A
G R E E N H E A R TC H L O R O C A R D I U M R O D I EI
27
-
28
u n i t e d s t a t e s l u m b e r i m p o r t s
B R A Z I L
E C U A D O R
P E R U
M A L A Y SI A
I N D O N E SI A
B O L I V I A
O T H E R C O U N T R I E S
u n i t e d s t a t e s l u m b e r e x p o r t s
C A N A D A
J A P A N
M E XI C O
C H I N A
S P A I N
U N I T E D K I N G D O M
I T A L Y
O T H E R C O U N T R I E S
b r azi l i a n a m e r i c a n l u m b e r i n d u s t r yb r azi l i a n a m e r i c a n l u m b e r i n d u s t r y
28
-
b r azi l i a n a m e r i c a n l u m b e r i n d u s t r yb r azi l i a n a m e r i c a n l u m b e r i n d u s t r y
b r azi l i a n l u m b e r e x p o r t s
U N I T E D S T A T E S
E U R O P E A N U N I O N
U K G E R M A N Y B E L G I U M
M E XI C O
S P A I N
M O R O C C O
29
-
30
WATER
AVA AMIRAHMADI + SHIVINA HARJANI
-
31
WATERSHEDS
NATURAL WATER
NYC
WATER SU
PPLY
AQUEDUCTS
DELAWARE RIVER
CATSKILL / DELAWAREWATERSHEDS
WEST DELAWARETUNNEL
EAST DELAWARETUNNEL
DELAWAREAQUEDUCT
CATSKILLAQUEDUCT
HUDSONRIVER
CROTONWATERSHED
NEW CROTONAQUEDUCT
-
32
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
COMINED SEWAGE OVERFLOW POINTS
SEWAG
E SYSTEM IN
DIAN
A CEN
TER
2.0 BILLION
1.0 BILLION
100 MILLION
ESTIMATED ANNUALAVERAGE OVERFLOW(GALLONS)
0-50
51-100
101-150
151-200
201-250
251-300
301-350
WATER TREATMENTPLANT CAPACITY(MILLION GALLONS / DAY)
NYC
MO
RPHED
DIAG
RAM
-
33
UP TO $25,000
$25,001 - $35,000
$35,001 - $45,000
$45,001 - $75,000
$75,001 AND UP
MED
IAN H
OU
SEHO
LD IN
CO
ME
WH
ERE DO
ES YOU
R TOILET FLU
SH TO
?
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SPRINGS+STREAMS+PONDS+PRIVATEWELLSFIRSTPUBLICWELLATBOWLINGGREEN
OLDCROTONAQUEDUCT
NEWCROTONSYSTEMCATSKILLSYSTEM
DELAWAREAQUEDUCT
PUBLICRESERVOIRATBROADWAY&PEARLSTMASONRY+WOODRAIN-COLLECTINGCISTERNS
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
FIRSTHILLTOPPUMPPLANNED
TANKFORFIREPROTECTIONAT13TH&BROADWAY
FIRST SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
WIDE USE OF FLUSH TOILETS + FIXED WASH BASINS
STEP-AERATION PROCESSPILOT CSO FACILITY
SECONDARY TREATMENT UPGRADES
NEW YORK CITY IN TIME
YELLOW FEVER
ASIATIC CHOLERA
visibleinvisible
FIRST MUNICIPAL WATERWORKS USING HILTOP PUMP BEGINS CONSTRUCTION BUT IS DESTROYED DURING BRITISH OCCUPATION IN 1776
CITY SPENDS TAX REVENUE ON DIGGING OF WELLS
CONTAMINATION OF WELLS BYPRIVIES, CESSPOOLS + DRAINAGEOF DIRTY WATER FROM STREETS
ESTABLISHED NETWORKOF 249 PUBLIC WELLS
MANHATTAN WATER CO.GAINS CHARTER
EARLIEST DIRECT LINKS MADE BY CITY PHYSICIANS BETWEEN POOR SANITATION + DISEASE
WATER COMMISSIONAPPOINTED BY NY STATE
WATER FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIESAVAILABLE TO THE WEALTHY
USE OF WATER CHLORINATION
CREATION OF METROPOLITANSEWERAGE COMMISSION
MULTIPLE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS BUILT THROUGHOUT THE CENTURY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF GROWING POPULATION, TOTALLING 14 PLANTS TO DATE (SEE ORANGE DOTS)
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PASSESCLEAN WATER ACT, MEANING THAT PLANTS HAD TO BE UPGRADEDTO TREAT 85% OF POLLUTANTS
LINK BETWEEN POOR SANITATION+ DISEASE WIDELY ACCEPTED
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
200,000
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m
7m
8m
BEGINNING ENDWATER MEDICALSEWAGE
POPU
LATI
ON
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SPRINGS+STREAMS+PONDS+PRIVATEWELLSFIRSTPUBLICWELLATBOWLINGGREEN
OLDCROTONAQUEDUCT
NEWCROTONSYSTEMCATSKILLSYSTEM
DELAWAREAQUEDUCT
PUBLICRESERVOIRATBROADWAY&PEARLSTMASONRY+WOODRAIN-COLLECTINGCISTERNS
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
FIRSTHILLTOPPUMPPLANNED
TANKFORFIREPROTECTIONAT13TH&BROADWAY
FIRST SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
WIDE USE OF FLUSH TOILETS + FIXED WASH BASINS
STEP-AERATION PROCESSPILOT CSO FACILITY
SECONDARY TREATMENT UPGRADES
NEW YORK CITY IN TIME
YELLOW FEVER
ASIATIC CHOLERA
visibleinvisible
FIRST MUNICIPAL WATERWORKS USING HILTOP PUMP BEGINS CONSTRUCTION BUT IS DESTROYED DURING BRITISH OCCUPATION IN 1776
CITY SPENDS TAX REVENUE ON DIGGING OF WELLS
CONTAMINATION OF WELLS BYPRIVIES, CESSPOOLS + DRAINAGEOF DIRTY WATER FROM STREETS
ESTABLISHED NETWORKOF 249 PUBLIC WELLS
MANHATTAN WATER CO.GAINS CHARTER
EARLIEST DIRECT LINKS MADE BY CITY PHYSICIANS BETWEEN POOR SANITATION + DISEASE
WATER COMMISSIONAPPOINTED BY NY STATE
WATER FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIESAVAILABLE TO THE WEALTHY
USE OF WATER CHLORINATION
CREATION OF METROPOLITANSEWERAGE COMMISSION
MULTIPLE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS BUILT THROUGHOUT THE CENTURY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF GROWING POPULATION, TOTALLING 14 PLANTS TO DATE (SEE ORANGE DOTS)
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PASSESCLEAN WATER ACT, MEANING THAT PLANTS HAD TO BE UPGRADEDTO TREAT 85% OF POLLUTANTS
LINK BETWEEN POOR SANITATION+ DISEASE WIDELY ACCEPTED
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
200,000
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
6m
7m
8m
BEGINNING ENDWATER MEDICALSEWAGE
POPU
LATI
ON
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0 GALLONS
7 GALLONS USED PER DAY
GALLONS USED IN ACTION
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PARAIBA DO SUL RIVER
RIBEIRAO DASLAJES RISERVOIR
SAO FRANCISCOCANAL
GUANDURIVER
GUANDU WATERTREATMENT PLANT
WATERSHED
NATURAL WATER
RIO DE JANEIRO
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGE POINTS
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
RIO D
E JANEIRO
WATER SO
URC
ES
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1TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONi. - v.
EDITORS NOTE1 - 20
GUEST LECTURES21 - 30
STUDENT PROJECTS31 - 60
TRIP TO BRAZIL61 - 86
BARNARD + COLUMBIA EXHIBIT87 - 100
STUDIO X - RIO EXHIBIT101 -110
RESOURCE RESEARCH21 - 30
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HANNAH NOVACK , ZOE NAMEROW, KEENAN KORTH + MANUEL CORDERO
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE
NICK MINGRONE
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE
BENITA TRENK
CAROLINE LUKIINS + SHIVINA HARJANI
AVA AMIRAHMADI
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FINAL PROJECT
AEROPARK
K(NO)W WASTE
ART TRASH WORKS
COMPOSTE MACHINE
_SCAPES + RESTORE
RAINCLOUD
THE FILTER
HANNAH NOVACK , ZOE NAMEROW, KEENAN KORTH + MANUEL CORDERO
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE + NICK MINGRONE
NICK MINGRONE
GWYNETH BACON-SHONE
BENITA TRENK
CAROLINE LUKIINS + SHIVINA HARJANI
AVA AMIRAHMADI
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CULTIVATING LANDSCAPE
KEENAN KORTH, ZOE NAMEROW, HANNAH NOVAK, MANUEL CORDERO
Cultivating Landscape aims to provide a nurturing environment for the growth of trees from saplings to mature trees. As the plants mature, the associated programs become more flexible and accommodating to community events. The sites fo the initial stages provide a platform for education and awareness of environmental issues at both local and global scales. For the city of Rio de Janeiro, these programs take advantage of the underutilized spaces scattered around Praca Tiradentes by providing miniature cultural hubs open to pub-lic events. These sites are templates for a larger network that can take place throughout the city. This network can expand to encompass other plazas and parks to initiate more cycles throughout the urban landscape.
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1
2
3 4
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Our solution for a temporary structure in Praa Tiradentes addresses the environmental issues surrounding deforestation within an urban landscape. The structure utilizes aeroponic farming techniques in a modular system, which cultivates tree saplings as a part of reforestation efforts and encour-ages community involvement by allowing visitors to take and re-plant tree saplings. The structure is sustainable, incorporating solar panels and rain collecting modules to generate energy for the aeroponic mechanisms. Specific manifestations of this system are driven by site-specific parameters such as sun movement,
STAGE 1AEROPARK
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DAY 2DAY 1 DAY 2-21 DAY 22 DAY 23
Small clipping from a tree can be cut and used as the starting point for saplings
Tree clippings are taken to Praca Tiradentes and planted in the aeroponic growing system
Over the course of 2-3 weeks, the saplings develop a callous and root system
They are watered every hour with a nutrient mist that is pumped througout the system
Roots must grow 7-10 inches to reach full maturity
Once sapling roots have fully developed, community members remove the saplings from the aeroponic system
After tree saplings are removed, they are planted into the ground in an effor to help eradicate deforestation
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DAY 23
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KIT OF PARTSThe assembly of the aeroponic structure can adapt to fit every environment. The kit of parts includes the pieces needed to achieve different heights in order to ac- commodate the proper program and unique, site-specific experiences.
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PROGRAM TAXONOMY
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PLANS
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9
6
DETAILED ELEVATION
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STAGE 2
After spending two to three weeks in Stage 1, the tree saplings move to Stage 2 in this adjacent site. Here the plants are housed for two to three years. The plants gradually move through a gradient of pot sizes to accomodate their growing root structure. The perforated surface that houses and feeds the plants also creates an immersive experience for visitors. The exterior ramps allow the visitor to experience the gradient of growth over time. The interior forms a cave-like environment that exposes the roots of the trees and contains two small lecture spaces
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STAGE 3
While many plants from Stage 2 are distributed throughout the city those remaining are transferred to the Stage 3 site. Once again, this site utilizes an existing facade near Praca Tiradentes. trees are placed in tracks below grade, while the rootball is exposed. An elevated drip irrigation system further maximies the visibility of the care of the small trees. An overhead lightbox collects solar energy throughout the day and serves to fuel the irrigation system as well as illuminate the space for evening events. A this stage, the role of public space becomes more prominent, as visitors can walk and sit between the rows of the trees within the space.
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The light box collects rain and provides light for evening events
The rain is pumped into the drip irrigation system to provide water to the trees
The walkway leads to a small event space at the corner end of the site
Tracks below grade hold the trees in place while slight changes in eleva-tion create seating opportunities
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STAGE 4
The final stage creates a permanent landscape for the trees that have not been adopted elsewhere from earlier stages. The landscpae is extruded and torqued upward creating architectural volumes that house research facilities deicated to forwarding the many new and innovative ways to utilize trees as a resource. This space also houses a small permanent aeroponic garden providing specimens for research as well as an open patio that accommodates up to two hundred people for public events.
From this point new clippings can be taken from the permanently planted trees and recycled back through the systems beginning in Aeropark on Praca Tiradentes.
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Extension Manager CS5 informacje o wydaniu
Adobe Extension Manager Czytaj to Witamy w programie Adobe Creative Suite 5 Extension Manager. Niniejszy dokument zawiera najnowsze informacje o produkcie, aktualizacje oraz porady dotyczce rozwizywania problemw, ktre nie zostay omwione w dokumentacji programu Extension Manager.
Wprowadzenie
Instalacja oprogramowania
Odinstalowywanie oprogramowania
Znane problemy
Inne zasoby
Wprowadzenie Program Extension Manager umoliwia instalowanie rozszerzHLZW\F]HNNWyUHV spakowane jako rozszerzenia, a take zarzdzanie nimi. Aby uruchomi program ([WHQVLRQ0DQDJHUNOLNQLMGZXNURWQLHSOLNUR]V]HU]HQLD3OLNLUR]V]HU]H]RVWDQ zainstalowane w lokalizacji zarezerwowanej dla produktu, na potrzeby ktrego zostao stworzone dane rozszerzenie. Program Extension Manager wywietli wszystkie aplikacje Creative Suite, ktre zostay zainstalowane. Aby zobaczy rozszerzenia zainstalowane do danego produktu, kliknij ten produkt. Kliknij rozszerzenie, aby wywietli informacje o tym rozszerzeniu pochodzce od SURJUDPLVW\UR]V]HU]HLGRZLHG]LH si, jak uzyska dostp do rozszerzenia w produkcie czstkowym. ProgramiFLVWZRU]\OLVHWNLUR]V]HU]HNWyUHXPRliwiaj rozbudowanie funkcjonalnoci produktw Creative Suite. Program Extension Manager pozwala w prosty sposb zainstalowa rozszerzenia, a take wyczy je, zaktualizowa lub odinstalowa.
Instalacja oprogramowania
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BUILDING PROGRAM DIAGRAM
Traversable rooftop greenspace
Research/laboratory facilities
Exhibition/presentation space
Public Lobby
Indoor aeroponic garden
Cafe and Lounge space
Horticulture/environmental research Public Space Mixed-use
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Traversable rooftop greenspace
Research/laboratory facilities
Public Lobby
Mixed-use
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K[NO]W Waste
NICK MINGRONE + GWENETH BACON-SHONE
K[no]w Waste is a temporary installation for Praca Tiradentes, a public square in the histori-cal downtown of Rio de Janeiro. In the hopes of challenging the common tendency of the public to forget about waste once it is discarded, as landlls are tucked far away out of sight, the project forces the public to confront it, visually and physically. The installation acts as an alternative to disposing of waste in a trash can on the street. As objects are placed into the structure, it transforms, taking on the attributes of whatever materials it holds. The system itself is also recongurable, thus allowing users to dictate both form and materiality for themselves. Rather than treating waste as something to be discarded and forgotten, its characteristics are made experiential, and its sight impossible to ignore. Because it functions as a waste receptacle system, the structure also has a release mechanism so that the col-lected materials can be properly collected and recycled or sold off, rather than simply being discarded.
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ITERATIONS
three panel
four panel
perspectives
plans
UNITS
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INITIAL GATHERING GROWTH/ENGAGEMENT
COLLECTION EXPANSION
EVENT CYCLE
glass metal blue
$$ $$
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INTIMATE SPACE
61
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LAMINATED PANELSconfiguration will allow for collection of large materials
SINGLE PANELSconfiguration will allow for col-lection of smaller materials
ROOF PANELScollection of materials as well as providing shelter
DIAGONAL PANELScollection of materials as well as partial shelter and intimate space
Recyclables:
Plastic cups
Household papers
Cardboard
Newspaper
Water bottles
Glass bottles
Metal Cans
Aluminum (foil, trays)
Construction Materials:
Mirrors
Glass
Wood (panels, small beams)
Gutters
Pipes (pvc, metal)
Miscellaneous:
Plastic Utensils
Tire Scraps
Coat Hangers
POTENTIAL MATERIALS FOR COLLECTION
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LAMINATED PANELSconfiguration will allow for collection of large materials
SINGLE PANELSconfiguration will allow for col-lection of smaller materials
ROOF PANELScollection of materials as well as providing shelter
DIAGONAL PANELScollection of materials as well as partial shelter and intimate space
Recyclables:
Plastic cups
Household papers
Cardboard
Newspaper
Water bottles
Glass bottles
Metal Cans
Aluminum (foil, trays)
Construction Materials:
Mirrors
Glass
Wood (panels, small beams)
Gutters
Pipes (pvc, metal)
Miscellaneous:
Plastic Utensils
Tire Scraps
Coat Hangers
POTENTIAL MATERIALS FOR COLLECTION
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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Joint Plans
Joint Elevations
Joint Sections
Collection: Elastic Tension and Release
Holes: Front Elevations Side Elevation Section
A B A B
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PANEL TEMPLATES
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Frame:Structural Bamboo
3 Diameter
Skin:Bungee Shock Cord
1/4 Thick
Cost: 1 Panel
Bamboo: 12 ft x 8 ft40 feet @ $4/ft= $160
Cord: 2 spacing across 8 ft= 48 lengths48 x 12 ft= 576 ft576 ft @ $0.12/ft=$69.12
Total=$230
Cost of one panel ->
Potential Value Example Material: 1 Load
Design to accomodate smallest base unit -> width of water bottle
Assume average bottle = 3 diameter
Cord spacing -> 2 to trap bottle
8 ft panel height -> 32 bottles (@ 3 wide)32 bottles high x 72 bottles wide (72 rows of cord)=2304 bottles
2304 bottles @ $0.05 (printed refund value)=$115
Value of one load ->
12
8
Spacing:2 Gap
MATERIAL VALUE STUDY
= = or more, system generates profit
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Frame:Structural Bamboo
3 Diameter
Skin:Bungee Shock Cord
1/4 Thick
Cost: 1 Panel
Bamboo: 12 ft x 8 ft40 feet @ $4/ft= $160
Cord: 2 spacing across 8 ft= 48 lengths48 x 12 ft= 576 ft576 ft @ $0.12/ft=$69.12
Total=$230
Cost of one panel ->
Potential Value Example Material: 1 Load
Design to accomodate smallest base unit -> width of water bottle
Assume average bottle = 3 diameter
Cord spacing -> 2 to trap bottle
8 ft panel height -> 32 bottles (@ 3 wide)32 bottles high x 72 bottles wide (72 rows of cord)=2304 bottles
2304 bottles @ $0.05 (printed refund value)=$115
Value of one load ->
12
8
Spacing:2 Gap
MATERIAL VALUE STUDY
= = or more, system generates profit
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TRASHWORKS
Nick Mingrone
Trashworks builds upon the K[no]w Waste project and applies its function to a more perma-nent construction. It operates as a part of an ongoing even cycle across several abandoned lots surrounding Praca Tiradentes in Rio de Janeiro. Trashworks is an artist in residence headquarters that offers an alternative solution to waste disposal through waste collec-tion and art installation. Using a structural suspension system that fosters openness and transparency, particularly for the flow of light and views throughout the structure, the main site is broken into a series of smaller programmatic spaces. Private spaces housing resident artists are brought to the uppermost levels. While the ground level is geared to recieve both incoming trash and the public from the outside world. Public and private meet at the middle level, which contains both artist workspace and gallery and event areas. Central to everything is the waste itself, actively sorted and on display. A series of satellite sites has also been selected to house the completed artist installations, and a nal exhibition t the conclu-sion of residency returns the work to Praca Tiradentes, the original site of material collection.
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Summer:January-March
Winter:July-September
Fall:April-June
Spring:October-December
Artist Residences/Headquarters
PeriodicEvent/Exhibition
MAP OF SITES
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EVENT CYCLE
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
Summer Artist Arrives
Fall Artist Arrives
Winter Artist Arrives
Spring Artist Arrives
JF
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
NDJ
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
ON
D
Collection Event
Collection Event
Collection Event
Collection Event
Exhibition
Exhibition
Exhibition
Exhibition
Summer Installation
Fall Installation
Winter Installation
Spring Installation
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SAMPLE SATELLITE INSTALLATION: WINTER SITE
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Public Circulation
Artist Circulation
WasteCirculation
Light and Shadow
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PUBLIC RECEPTION
WASTE RECEIVING
WASTE CLEANING
STORAGE
ARTIST RESIDENCES
SHARED KITCHEN/LIVING SPACE
EVENT/GALLERY SPACE
ARTIST STUDIO
WASTE SORTING/MATERIAL POOL
DOORS
CATWALKS
STAIRS
OPERABLE LOUVERS
GLASS SKIN
OPERABLE CURTAINS
TRACKS
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WASTE RECEIVINGWASTE CLEANINGSTORAGE
RESIDENCE
LIVING
EVENT/GALLERY SPACE
ARTIST STUDIO
WASTE SORTING
ARTIST STUDIO
WASTE SORTING
STORAGE
RESIDENCE
KITCHEN
LIVINGKITCHEN
RESIDENCE RESIDENCE
EVENT/GALLERY SPACEWASTE SORTING
WASTE CLEANINGRECEPTION
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COMPOST MACHINE
GWENETH BACON-SHONE
K[no]w Waste is a temporary installation for Praca Tiradentes, a public square in the histori-cal downtown of Rio de Janeiro. In the hopes of challenging the common tendency of the public to forget about waste once it is discarded, as landlls are tucked far away out of sight, the project forces the public to confront it, visually and physically. The installation acts as an alternative to disposing of waste in a trash can on the street. As objects are placed into the structure, it transforms, taking on the attributes of whatever materials it holds. The system itself is also recongurable, thus allowing users to dictate both form and materiality for themselves. Rather than treating waste as something to be discarded and forgotten, its characteristics are made experiential, and its sight impossible to ignore. Because it functions as a waste receptacle system, the structure also has a release mechanism so that the col-lected materials can be properly collected and recycled or sold off, rather than simply being discarded.Pudae doles reperia doloresti vendis dus erovid exeratis ma voluptas ium voluptat qui cum quidusci sedi remo tem nobit volut eatur, veleseri ommolesedic tem que dolum illo
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THE MACHINE TEN RESTAURANTS DINING AREAS PRAA TIRADENTES
SITE
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DURATION
every 2-3 daysnutrient rich liquid is drained out and put into the garden
DURATION
collection2 weeks fermentation
2 weeks pre-compost2 weeks growth
3-10 weekstomatoes
lettuceonions
corn
5-7 weeks
5-7 weeks
8-10 weeks
3-4 weeks
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_SCAPES + RESTORE
BENITA TRENK
______SCAPES are temporary experiential and informational landscapes, which activate
the ground in Praca Tiradentes, bringing awareness to the scale of changes occuring in
Rio. ______SCAPES plants a percentage of waste materials from these projects onto the
ground of the plaza. The materials from these projects onto the ground of the plaza. The ma-
terials are poured into container forms and re-arranged within the plaza to create environ-
ments that adapt to the changing seasons.
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1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
PPRACATIRADENTES SUBWAY
EXCAVATION
SAMBODROMORECONSTRUCTION
DREDGINGRIO PORT
RIO DE JANEIRO1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
VOLUME OF MATERIAL 3.5 million
1.4 million
11,000
(in cubic meters)
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STONE
SAND
SOIL
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_____SCAPE SAND
SOIL
STONE
Temporary experiential and informational landscapes which ac-tivate the ground in praca tiradentes, bringing awareness to the scale of changes occuring in rio.
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containers are made of scaffolding units and mesh netting from construction projects.
CALENDAR
Raw materials are delivered to the plaza via construction truck.
container units are brought out of storage garages and assembled onsite.
containers are filled with material, becom-ing infrastructural volumes for plaza-goers.
JANFEB
MARAPR
MAY
JUNJUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC SUMMER
SPRING
FALL/WINTER
1
2
3
ASSEMBLAGE
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MATERIALS IN THE PLAZA
volumes
sand
soil
stone
1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
DREDGINGRIO PORT3.5 million x 1/1000 =
1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
SUBWAYEXCAVATION1.4 million
x 1/1000 =
SAMBODROMORECONSTRUCTION
1 million
2 million
3 million
4 million
x 1/1000 =11,000
material arranements
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material arranements
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the SANDcontainers
6FT
4FT
6FT
16FT
4FT
6FT
12FT
6FT
10FT
BEACH LOUNGERSANDBOX SMALL SAND DUNE LARGE SAND DUNE
12FT
20FT
16FT
_____SCAPE SAND
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3FT
3FT
2FT
6FT
6FT
3FT
12FT
10FT
4FT
16FT
20FT
8FT
planters grassy plots picnic areas stages
the SOILcontainers
_____SCAPE SOIL
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2FT
3FT 4FT 5FT 6FT
2FT 2FT 2FT
stools cafe tables
the STONEcontainers
short column tall column
_____SCAPESTONE
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RESTORE is a non-profit organization and multi-functional storage facility, which preserves
downtown Rios local infrastructure through storage, trade, education and re-use of building
materials.
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RAINCLOUD
SHIVINA HARJANI + CAROLINE LUKINS
Raincloud is a temporary pavilion installation that aims to educate the occupants about
water as a natural, sustainable resource in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The intervention
brings to the community an interactive public space that hopes to inspire a new
consciousness around Rios historically tenuous relationship with water. The space
both engages users in leisurely activity and uses water to unveil a series of ironies in
Cariocas water access. Water levels at the site directly respond to the population of
users, bringing about a sensitivity to control over ones own access to and influence
over the communitys water.
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pump & pulley mechanisms
WATER
PUMP
STRUCTURAL
FRAME
cable pulls dow
n
weight
pressureca
ble pulls down
canopy
contra
cts more people=less water
Canopy-Occupant Relationship: A pump and pully mechanism connects the pavilions topography to the canopy, causing an increase in weight to pull the canopy shut, therefore expelling less water.
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Topography: Using the same geometric language as the canopy, the topography of the site is instrumental in creating different conditions of water flow and social interaction along the sight.
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1
2
33
3
2
31
1
2
1
2
Solid surface
Perforated surface
Folding Diagram: On the folding surface, specific pan-els are perforated, allowing the canopy to expel water when open and to hold water when closed.
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less occupants More occupants
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Less Occupants
Unrolled Elevation
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c n o p y
wa er
program e
i r u l a i o n
t o p o g r a p h y
More Occupants
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Raincloud2 adopts an abandoned site West of V Tiradentes to develop as a Flood Research Center/ Emer-gency Evacuation Shelter that uses the same technologies developed in Raincloud1 to build a reactive facade that opens and closes in response to monthly rainfall. In the event of a flood emergency, the facade and floor
plates expand fully, allowing the Research Buildings programs to transform and accommodate the immediate neighborhoods evacuees. At times of evacuation, the floor plates expand to 160% of the original square foot-age to accommodate the influx of residence in the building and the additional programs that are associated
with evacuation necessities.
RAINCLOUD Shivina HarjaniCaroline Lukins
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emergency warning building expansionsliding floor plates
pop up roof
program remapping
evacuees in provisionssleep space
storage
food+distribution
medical triage
lounge space
recreation
warning
withdrawn
evacuees out building contraction
partial building contraction10% evacuees remain
-
134
-
135
-
136
10810
classroom
collaborative research
individual research
conference space
public space
exhibition space
research evacuation
total square footage
700+
420+
650++
700+
4170+
4170
staff quarters
medical triage
sleep units
medical supplies
arrival & Check-in
water collection
10810
classroom
collaborative research
individual research
conference space
public space
exhibition space
research evacuation
total square footage
700+
420+
650++
700+
4170+
4170
staff quarters
medical triage
sleep units
medical supplies
arrival & Check-in
water collection
10810
classroom
collaborative research
individual research
conference space
public space
exhibition space
research evacuation
total square footage
700+
420+
650++
700+
4170+
4170
staff quarters
medical triage
sleep units
medical supplies
arrival & Check-in
water collection
10810
classroom
collaborative research
individual research
conference space
public space
exhibition space
research evacuation
total square footage
700+
420+
650++
700+
4170+
4170
staff quarters
medical triage
sleep units
medical supplies
arrival & Check-in
water collection
420
340
200
4170
700
6000
11830
kitchen
bathrooms
administration
recreation space
residence
circulation
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
420
340
200
4170
700
6000
11830
kitchen
bathrooms
administration
recreation space
residence
circulation
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
420
340
200
4170
700
6000
11830
kitchen
bathrooms
administration
recreation space
residence
circulation
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
420
340
200
4170
700
6000
11830
kitchen
bathrooms
administration
recreation space
residence
circulation
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
4700
1200
1000
1200
500
4500
500
13600
storage
distribution
seating
recreation
communication exchange
additional sleep units
expanded programme
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
lounge+
4700
1200
1000
1200
500
4500
500
13600
storage
distribution
seating
recreation
communication exchange
additional sleep units
expanded programme
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
lounge+
4700
1200
1000
1200
500
4500
500
13600
storage
distribution
seating
recreation
communication exchange
additional sleep units
expanded programme
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
lounge+
(11830+10810) (11830+10810+13600)
22640 36240square feet
research evacuation (11830+10810) (11830+10810+13600)
22640 36240square feet
research evacuation
-
137
10810
classroom
collaborative research
individual research
conference space
public space
exhibition space
research evacuation
total square footage
700+
420+
650++
700+
4170+
4170
staff quarters
medical triage
sleep units
medical supplies
arrival & Check-in
water collection
4700
1200
1000
1200
500
4500
500
13600
storage
distribution
seating
recreation
communication exchange
additional sleep units
expanded programme
research evacuation
total square footage
+
+
+
+
+
lounge+
first floor
arrival+check-in
seating
third floor
distributionlounge
medical triage+
storage
sixth floor
storage storage
second floor
30
communication
kitchen
cafe admin+
fifth floor
recreation
residence+
kitchen+
bathroom
fourth floor
sleep units sleep units
roof
recreation
-
138
-
139
Interior Scale: Oversized Circulation
Oversized circulation is central to the design of Raincloud2; the floor plates shapes react to an extra-wide staircase that runs through the core of the building. The oversized stairs allow for both accessibility and for adaptable programmatic space (i.e. seating) during times of emergency.
-
140
3
1.5
floor plate
2
3
1.5
0.5
0.5
3
bed 1
desk
sliding partition
storage
emergency supplies/bed 2
SLIDING floor cover
3
plug-in research/sleep
-
141
Human Scale
To accommodate the substantial influx of building residences during time of evacuation, interior transformations are designed within the structure of the building. The diagrams to the left shows the transformation between desk space and food storage during Research to sleeping cubicles and personal storage during times of Emergency Evacuation.
-
142
THE FILTER
AVA AMIRAHMADI
After learning about the lack of access to potable water in Rio de Janeiro, I designed a tem-
porary pavilion that will collect and filter rainwater through the piping to feed activity areas
around the plaza. I then developed a community center that my pavilion could connect to.
The community center will tap into the beginning of the condominial block and redirect the
water to its Granular Activated Carbon Filters. The potable water will be used in different ac-
tivity areas in the community center, as well as feeding the rest of the condominial block. The
roof also collects rainwater to feed the two green walls. By exposing the piping system and
creating spaces with thi continually flowwing system, people who interact with these projects
will be able to appreciate the beauty of water and learn about water filtration.
-
143
-
144
-
145
-
146
-
147
-
148
-
149
-
150
-
151
-
152
-
153
-
154
-
155
TRIP TO BRAZIL
DAY 1
DAY 2
DAY 3
DAY 4
DAY 5
DAY 6
DAY 7
DAY 8
DAY 9
DAY 10
NYC TO RIO - CASA AUREA
COPACABANA + IPANEMA - LAGOA - PAO DO ACUCAR
FAVELA - MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA - PARQUE GUINLE
TOUR OF DOWNTOWN - CU GLOBAL CENTER - PRACA TIRADENTES
PEDREGULHO - COMPLEXO DO ALEMAO - STUDIO-X
RIO TO BRASILIA - BRASILIA - BRASILIA TO RIO
IPANEMA BEACH - STUDIO-X PRESENTATIONS
BRULE MARX ESTATE -AECOM PRESENTATION
DRUM SESSION - RIO TO NYC
ARRIVE NYC
-
156
DAY 1
5:30 AM - 9:15 PM: FLIGHT FROM NEW YORK CITY - JFK TO RIO DE JANEIRO GALEAO INTERNATIONAL
11:00 PM : ARRIVE AT CASA AUREA
-
157
NEW YORK, NY
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
-
158158
-
159159
-
160
-
161
-
162
DAY 2
8:30 AM - 4:00 PM: WALK COPACABANA - WALK IPANEMA - WALK TO LAGOA RODRIGO DA REITAS
4:00 PM - 6:00 PM : PAO DO ACUCAR (SUGAR LOAF)
-
163
COPACABANA
IPANEMA
LAGAO RODRIGODA FREITAS
PAO DO ACUCAR
-
164164
-
165165
-
166166
-
167167
-
168
DAY 3
9:30 AM - 12:00 PM: FAVELA SANTA MARTA
1:00 PM - 4:00 PM: MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA - WALK PAST ATTERO DO FLAMENGO
4:00 PM - 6:00 PM : PARQUE GUINLE
-
169
LAGAO RODRIGODA FREITAS
FAVELASANTA MARTA
PARQUE QUINLE
MUSEU DE ARTE MODERNA
-
170170
-
171171
-
172172
-
173173
-
174
DAY 4
9:00 AM - 3:00 PM: TOUR OF DOWNTOWN RIO
3:00 PM - 5:00 PM: TALK WITH TOM TREBAT AT CU GLOBAL CENTER
5:00 PM - 7:00 PM : PRACA TIRADENTES SITE ANALYSIS
-
175
9:00 AM - 3:00 PM: TOUR OF DOWNTOWN RIO
3:00 PM - 5:00 PM: TALK WITH TOM TREBAT AT CU GLOBAL CENTER
5:00 PM - 7:00 PM : PRACA TIRADENTES SITE ANALYSIS
-
176176
-
177177
-
178178
-
179179
-
180
DAY 5
10:00 AM - 12:00 PM: PEDREGULHO HOUSING COMPLEX
2:00 PM - 3:30 PM: COMPLEXO DO ALEMAO
6:00 PM - 9:00 PM : LECTURES AT STUDIO-X
14
-
181
-
182182
-
183183
-
184184
-
185185
-
186
DAY 6
5:00 AM - 9:00 AM: FLIGHT FROM RIO DE JANEIRO-SANTOS DUMONT TO BRASILIA-PRESIDENTE JUS-CELINO KUBITSCHEK
9:00 AM - 6:30 PM: BRASILIA
6:30 PM - 10:05 PM : FLIGHT FROM BRASILIA-PRESIDENTE JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK TO RIO DE JANEIRO-SANTOS DUMONT
-
187
BRASILIA
RIO DE JANEIRO
-
188188
-
189189
-
190190
-
191191
-
192
DAY 7
9:00 AM - 12:00 PM: IPANEMA BEACH
2:00 PM - 5:00 PM: DESIGN III PRESENTS TO STUDIO-X
6:00 PM - 8:00 PM: LETICIA WOUK ALMINO PRESENTS TO STUDIO-X
-
193
LAGAO RODRIGODA FREITAS
STUDIO-X
IPANEMA
-
194194
-
195195
-
196
-
197
-
198198
-
199199
-
200
DAY 8
9:30 AM - 11:00 AM: BURLE MARX ESTATE
2:00 PM - 4:00 PM:AECOM PRESENTATION
14
-
201
BURLE MARXESTATE
AECOM
-
202202
-
203203
-
204204
-
205205
-
206
DAY 9
8:30 AM: CHECK OUT OF CASA AUREA
2:00 PM - 4:00 PM: DRUM SESSION
7:00 PM: FLIGHT FROM RIO DE JANEIRO GALEAO INTERNATIONA TO NEW YORK CITY - JFK
-
207
NEW YORK, NY
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
-
208208
-
209209
13.05.15-Table of Contents13.05.15Intro13.05.15Resources13.05.15-For Print13.05.15-Table of Contents13.05.15Final Projects 113.05.15Final Projects 213.05.15Final Projects 3
13.05.15Final Projects 413.05.15Final Projects 513.05.15Itinerary
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