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Day 9: Goals: Liberty and Security
Daniel J. Mallinson
School of Public AffairsPenn State Harrisburgmallinson@psu.edu
PUBPL 304
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Road map
Finish discussing welfare
Examine the seemingly conflictual relationshipbetween security and liberty
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Goals
Goals in Public Policy Making
Equity
Efficiency
Welfare
Liberty
Security
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Moral Hazard
Definition: lack of incentive to guard against risk where one isprotected from its consequences
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Moral Hazard
Examples: Corporate and individual welfare
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Welfare
Big Questions
How should we define welfare?
How do we distinguish need and desire?
How do we measure welfare?
How should government “promote the general welfare”
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Our Topic of the Day: The Internet
Figure: “2012 Internet Census Size” by Cody Hofstetter, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Liberty and Security
Ideals
Government needs to balance the community and the individual
Mill: Can curb liberty to protect others from harm
But, when and why?
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Stone’s Ranking of Harm Claims
Criteria
Strength
Ease of assertion
Rank1 Physical
2 Economic
3 Amenity
4 Psychic
5 Spiritual and Moral
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Politics of Harm
Key point: Claim of harm needs to be asserted
and legitimized by a political process
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Paradox of Harm
Preventing one harm can cause another; the
balancing act is tricky
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Security
Figure: Source: U.S. Air Force
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Definitions
Insecurity
“worry that something bad will happen.”
Security
Guaranteed absence of bad things; a lack of worry
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Three Concepts of Security
Psychological
State of mind over things outsideof our control
Political
Security comes from elite policymaking
Scientific
Mathematical assessment of risk
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Psychological Security
Insecurity is a feeling (dread,anxiety, powerlessness)
Risk is ever present, insecurityis not
Socially constructed
Some issues easier todramatize (murder vs.climate change)
Risk is a matter ofperspective
Figure: Chernobyl Pripyat by Max Pixel, CC0
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Scientific Analysis
Risk
Likelihood of something badhappening
Expected Value
Product of whether(likelihood) and how bad
Standardized unit for settingpriorities
Figure: Source: Hackmageddon
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Political Response
DO Something
Want to be seen as taking action
Can lead to overreach
Figure: Source: Symantec 2017
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Liberty and Security
To what extent are liberty and security a trade-off?
To what extent can we reconcile the two?
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