dc motor speed control using arduino uno

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING ARDUINO UNO

Fig.2.1. Circuit diagram of the project

Components and parts

Qty. Description Particular No.

1 Small 12V DC Motor --------

3 Network Resistors( 10K) --------

1 Arduino Uno R3 --------

1 Capacitor (100 UF) --------

2 Capacitor ( 1000 UF) ---------

1 Capacitor ( 10UF) C8

1 Jumper wire pack ---------

1 H-bridge IC Chip (L293D) ---------

1 Potentiometer ----------

3 Push-Pin Switches ----------

1 AVR ----------

1 Adapter ----------

2.2 PCB circuit connection of Motor driver

Figure 2.2 ( PCB layout of motor driver circuit)

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2.3Arduino pin numbersA. Pin 2 as switch pin

B. Pin 12 as positive terminal of motor

C. Pin 05 as negative terminal of motor

D. Pin 04 as enable pin for IC.

2.4WorkingA. We can connect the circuit as shown in the Figure

B. We will use 2 x output pins from the Arduino to control the motion of the

DC motors.

C. A switch “on" or “off " button is used to control the clockwise or anti-

clockwise motion of the motor.

D. Code for Pin assignment :

// map motor poles to Arduino pins

#define motor1pole1 2

#define motor1pole2 3

#define motor2pole1 7

#define motor2pole2 8

// map L293d motor enable pins to Arduino pins

#define enablePin1 9

#define enablePin2 10

#define M1_MAX_SPEED 100

#define M2_MAX_SPEED 100

#define motordelay 30

#define debugmotorsec 3000

void setup()

{Serial.begin(9600);

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// set mapped L293D motor1 and motor 2 enable pins on Arduino to

output (to turn on/off motor1 and motor2 via L293D)

pinMode(enablePin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(enablePin2, OUTPUT);

// set mapped motor poles to Arduino pins (via L293D)

pinMode( motor1pole1 , OUTPUT);

pinMode( motor1pole2, OUTPUT);

pinMode( motor2pole1, OUTPUT);

pinMode( motor2pole2 , OUTPUT);

motorspeed(0, 0);}

int mspeed = 100; // pick a starting speed up to 255

void loop()

{

// set speed of motor 1 and 2 to same speed

motorspeed(mspeed, mspeed);

// spin motor 1 only in one direction

Serial.print("MOTOR 1 FORWARD @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorforward(1);

delay(debugmotorsec);

motorstop(1);

// spin motor 2 only in one direction

Serial.print("MOTOR 2 FORWARD @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorforward(2);

delay(debugmotorsec);

motorstop(2);

// spin motor 1 only in opposite direction

Serial.print("MOTOR 1 BACK @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);iv

motorback(1);

delay(3000);

motorstop(1);

// spin motor 2 only in opposite direction

Serial.print("MOTOR 2 BACK @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorback(2);

delay(debugmotorsec);

motorstop(2);

// stop both motors 1 and 2

Serial.println("BOTH MOTORS STOP FOR 2 SEC.");

motorstop(1);

motorstop(2);

delay(2000);

// spin both motors in one direction

Serial.print("BOTH MOTORS FORWARD @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorforward(1);

motorforward(2);

delay(debugmotorsec);

// stop both motors

Serial.println("BOTH MOTORS STOP FOR 2 SEC.");

motorstop(1);

motorstop(2);

delay(2000);

// spin both motors in opposite direction

Serial.print("BOTH MOTORS BACK @ SPEED: ");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorback(1);

motorback(2);v

delay(debugmotorsec);

// stop both motors

Serial.println("BOTH MOTORS STOP FOR 2 SEC.");

motorstop(1);

motorstop(2);

delay(2000);

// spin both motors but in opposite directions

Serial.print("MOTOR1 FORWARD | MOTOR2 BACK @ SPEED:

");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorforward(1);

motorback(2);

delay(debugmotorsec);

// stop both motors

Serial.println("BOTH MOTORS STOP FOR 2 SEC.");

motorstop(1);

motorstop(2);

delay(2000);

// spin both motors in the other opposite direction

Serial.print("MOTOR1 BACK | MOTOR2 FORWARD @ SPEED:

");

Serial.println(mspeed);

motorback(1);

motorforward(2);

delay(debugmotorsec);

// stop both motors

Serial.println("BOTH MOTORS STOP FOR 2 SEC.");

motorstop(1);

motorstop(2);

delay(2000);vi

mspeed += 50; // add 50 to speed of motor spin. Max speed 255

// set speed of motor 1 and 2 to same new speed

motorspeed(mspeed,mspeed);

}

// MOTOR FUNCTIONS

void motorstop(int motornum)

{

delay(motordelay);

if (motornum == 1)

{

digitalWrite(motor1pole1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor1pole2, LOW);}

else if (motornum == 2)

{digitalWrite(motor2pole1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2pole2, LOW);

}

delay(motordelay);

}

void motorforward(int motornum)

{

if (motornum == 1)

{

digitalWrite(motor1pole1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor1pole2, LOW);

}

else if (motornum == 2)

{

digitalWrite(motor2pole1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor2pole2, HIGH);

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delay(motordelay);

}

void motorback(int motornum)

{

if (motornum == 1)

{digitalWrite(motor1pole1, LOW);

digitalWrite(motor1pole2, HIGH);

}

else if (motornum == 2)

{

digitalWrite(motor2pole1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor2pole2, LOW);

}

delay(motordelay);

}

void motorspeed(int motor1speed, int motor2speed)

{if (motor1speed > M1_MAX_SPEED )

motor1speed = M1_MAX_SPEED; // limit top speed

if (motor2speed > M2_MAX_SPEED )

motor2speed = M2_MAX_SPEED; // limit top speed

if (motor1speed < 0)

motor1speed = 0; // keep motor above 0

if (motor2speed < 0)

motor2speed = 0; // keep motor speed above 0

analogWrite(enablePin1, motor1speed);

analogWrite(enablePin2, motor2speed);

}

E. Press cntrl-R to compile the code. If there is no errors, then press cntrl-U

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upload the compiled program on Flash memory. Once the program is

uploaded successfully, the board will automatically get a reset and after a

few second will start running your code.

F. Press the push button to check if the motor moves in the opposite

direction when the signal at pin-2 is high.

ByRajeev RanjanAkash Gupta

Nand Kishor Patel

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