dedication - cpas shalby/phd.pdf · prof. dr. amr abd-allah abd-el-azziz prof. dr. yohensen eid...

Dedication

to Allah The Lord and the Sustainer of the

Worlds

May Allah accept my work and forgive any errors or

short outcomes.

Verily, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for the Lord and the

Sustainer of the Worlds.

And of this I have been commanded, and I am one of the Muslims.

All Praise belongs to

My deepest gratitude and appreciation to both

Prof Dr Shafak El-Awady El-Wakil, and Dr. Nabil Ali Abd-El-Aziz

for their great effort, continuous support, encouragement , without which, this work would have never reached this state of maturity.

All the love, affection and gratitude to,

My tender mother, my soul, my friend, my supporter: Engineer Tahany Ezzat Attia

My beloved father who believed in me and whom I always thrived to reach his expectations. My God bless him and reward him.

My beloved husband: Engineer Moataz El-Sayed Ali My amazing son and daughter: Karim and Marim

Through my academic journey in Ain Shams University, I was gifted with those whose knowledge and guidance enlightened me all the way through. Special thanks to,

Prof. Dr. Omar El-Hussieny Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abd El-Baky Ibrahim Prof. Dr. Amr Abd-Allah Abd-El-Azziz Prof. Dr. Yohensen Eid Associate Prof. Marwa Abou El-Fotouh Thanks to the assistance of,

Lecturer Yehia Serag Lecturer Abeer El Shater Computer Science Engineer El Amir Tawfeek Mr. Ashraf Hashish “Head of El Ghazawia NGO” GTZ Advisor Mr. Khalil Shaat. Mrs Heba Ossama Bahgat, my dear cousin who supported me all through my studies.

Name: Nashwa Wael Shalaby

Thesis: Integrated Adaptive Model for the Participatory Planning Process

Degree: PhD of Urban Planning and Design

Name, title and Affiliation Signature

1- Prof. Dr. Yasser Houssny Mohamed Sakr Faculty of Fine Arts- Helwan University President of Helwan University

2- Prof. Dr. Philipp Misselwitz Architecture and Urban Planning – University of Stuttgart

3- Prof. Dr. Shafak El Awady El Wakil Urban Planning Department – Ain-Shams University

n.shalaby@gmail.com

Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning DepartmentTitle:

Research Assistant. Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning Department.

Ain Shams University. Faculty of Engineering-Urban Design and Planning Department.

Very GoodAverage Grade: hirdT Rank: Cultural and Business Center at Ramses Square (at the Project:

Premises of the contemporary train station)Excellent Project Grade:

.First Project Rank:

A- Brief

Level, Time Outcome of Participation

The Multidisciplinary Analysis of PPP

The Complexity focused Analysis of PPP.

B-Research Problem

C-Research Questions

D- Research Hypothesis

Fig. :

Source:

D-Aims and Objective of Research

E- Research Methodology

F- Organization of the Study:

Literature review and critical analysis of the Participatory

Planning

Analysis of Solution Space; Success Criteria and Complexity

Fig. ii:

Investigating Solution features

Problem Analysis

Identifying solution and testing Hypothesis

Solution Design

Chapter One: Participatory Planning Revisited

Chapter Two: Participatory Planning; The Third Paradigm Shift

Chapter Three: Complexity of PPP; Problem and modeling Solutions

Modeling

Chapter Four: PPP Through Multi Agent Modeling

Chapter Five: Analysis of PP Model; The Egyptian Experience

level, Time and Outcomes

Chapter Six: Design of PPP Model

Chapter Seven: Conclusion and further Research

Fig. iii:Source:

Chapter one:

Chapter Two:

Chapter Three:

Chapter Five:

Chapter Four:

Chapter Six:

Chapter Seven:

Part 1

Part 3

Part 4

Part 2

Fig. IV:

Source:

Problem Analysis

Solution Features

Solution Space Navigation

Testing Hypothesis

Identifying Solution

Solution Design

2-a- first feature of PPP; Complexity

3-Biologic Solutions of complexity to PPP

1-The need for a new paradigm

6-Model requirement 5-Model Specification

2-b-Second feature of PPP; Multidisciplinary / Factors affecting success criteria from multidisciplinary aspects

7-Integrated adaptive PPP Model

4-Testing adopted solutions

H- Summary of Contents

PART ONE: Literature Review and Critical Analysis of the Participatory Planning

Chapter One: Participatory Planning Revisited

PART TWO: Analysis of Solution Space; Success Criteria and Complexity

Chapter Two: Participatory Planning Process; The Third Paradigm Shift

Chapter Three: Complexity of PPP; Problem and Solution

PART THREE: Solution Identification and Testing Hypothesis Chapter Four: PPP through Multi Agent Modeling (MAM)

Chapter Five: PPP Model Analysis ; Egyptian Experience

PART FOUR: Design of PPP Model

Chapter Six: Design of PPP Model

Chapter Seven: Conclusion and Further Research

Appendices

I- List of Tables

Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Chapter Four

Chapter Five

Chapter 6

Appendices

J-List of Figures

Introduction

Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Chapter Four

Chapter Five

Chapter Six

Appendices

K- Acronyms

1.1 MAJOR PARADIGMATIC SHIFTS

1.1.1 FIRST SHIFT: FROM CONVENTIONAL PLANNING TO

PLANNING WITH PARTICIPATION

1.1.2 SECOND SHIFT: FROM PLANNING WITH PARTICIPATION TO PARTICIPATORY PLANNING

diverse groups

entire community

Fig. 1-1:Source:

Public-participation in Monitoring

Public-participation in Evaluation

Fig. 1-2:

Source

Closed loop control system

Input Output

Open control system

OutputInput

Planning with public participation

Participatory Planning

1.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING FRAMEWORK

1.2.1 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING ORIGINS

Paulo FreireKurt Lewin

Patrick Geddes Lewis Mumford

1.2.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AIMS

1.2.3 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING PRINCIPLES

1.2.4 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING STEPS

1-Data Collection:

2-Internal Structuring:

3-Problem Analysis

4-Learning:

5-Decision Making:

6-Self-Correction:

Fig. 1-3:

Source:

Data Collection

Problem Analysis

Internal structure

Decision Making

Learning

Self-Correction

1.2.5 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING METHODS

Table 1-1:Source: Method Name AbbreviationCommunity based methods

Workshop based methods

Function(s) based methods

Setting based methods

Problem based methods

Aspect based methods

Table 1-2:

Source:

1.3 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL PARTICIPATORY PLANNING

1.4 Brief

2.1 INVESTIGATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

2.1.1 LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN PPP

Format (Method) Type Breadth of Public Participation

Information Exchange

Involvement

Engagement

Table 2-1:

Source:

Full control

Fig. 2-1:Source:

2.1.2 TIME OF PARTICIPATION

2.1.3 OUTCOME OF PARTICIPATION

2.2 DOMINANT FEATURES OF PPP

Fig.2-2:Source:

2.2.1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF PPP

2.2.1.1 Challenges of PPP form a Planning Aspect

Table 2-2:Source:

g Level of Participation

Time of Participation

Outcome of Participation

2:2:1:2 Challenges of PPP Informational Aspect

Table 2-3:Source:

Informational Factors affecting

Level of Participation Time of Participation Outcome of Participation

2.2.1.3 Challenges of PPP from the Social Aspect

Table 2-4:Source:

Social Factors affecting Level of Participation Time of Participation Outcome of Participation

Fig.2-3:

Source:

Friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

Morality, creativity,

spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice,

acceptance of facts .

Security of body, employment, resources, morality, the family, health, property

Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion. Safety

Esteem

Physiological

Love/Belonging

Self-actualization

-Poverty

-Illiteracy

-Employment and income

2.2.2 COMPLEXITY OF PPP

2.3 Brief

Social Aspect

Social Complexity

Info. Aspect

Info.Complexity

Planning Aspect

PlanningComplexity

Multidisciplinary Aspects

Complexity

Fig.2-4:Source:

Modeling

3.1 COMPLEXITY OF PPP FROM MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS

Complexity in general

Complexity of information

Complexity of Communities

Fig. 3-1:Source:

3.1.1COMPLEXITY OF PPP: PLANNING ASPECT

3.1.2 COMPLEXITY OF INFORMATION: INFORMATION ASPECT

3.1.3 COMPLEXITY OF COMMUNITIES: SOCIAL ASPECT

3.2 CONFRONTING COMPLEXITY OF PPP THROUGH MODELING

3.2.1 NATURE OF THE REQUIRED MODEL

a- Physical model facing social complexity and digital model facing informational complexity

b- Dynamic model for PPP sustainability

c- Explanatory model to face implication

d- Individual model to face social complexity of accumulation

3.3 COMPLEXITY; A SOLUTION TO PPP PROBLEMS

” n”

” ” ”

3.3.1 COMPLEXITY SCIENCE SOLUTIONS FOR PPP

Fig.3-3:

Source:

Fig.3-4:

Source:

3.3.1.1 Self-Organization

3.3.1.2 Autopeiosis and Adaptation

3.3.1.3 Emergence

Fig.3-5 :Source:

3.3.1.4 Systems Dynamics

Fig.3-6:

Source:

3.3.1.5 New Science of Networks

Fig.3-7 :

Source:

3.3.2 CYBERNETICS SOLUTIONS FOR PPP MODEL

” ” ”,

” ”

3.3.2.1 Agent Based Modeling

As such, a key notion is that simple behavioral

rules generate complex behavior

Fig.3-8:

Source:

3.3.2.2 Cellular Automaton (CA)

3.3.2.3 Machine Learning

3.3.2.4 Genetic Algorithms

3.3.2.5 Multi Agent Modeling (MAM)

AutonomyLocal views

Decentralization

3.4 THE BIOLOGIC APPROACH TO PPP

A Bottom-Up PPP

Community Self-Organization

A Regenerative PPP

An Adaptive PPP

Community self-learning Mechanism

A dynamic PPP

A Collaborative Information system

Social Community Networking

3.5 Brief

BiologicSolutions

Deducted Principles

Simple agents :

Local viewers

Autonomous agents:o” a o” to

Intelligent agents:

- behave according to bounded rationality:

Table 3-1Source:

Introduction

PPP through Multi Agent Modeling

4.1 PPP MODEL SPECIFICATION

4.1.1 TYPE OF PPP MODEL

Real world

External model 1

External model 3

External model 2

Conceptual model

Internal model

Logical model

4.1.2 LEVEL OF PPP MODEL

4.2 ORIGIN OF MULTI AGENT MODELING (MAM)

4.2.1 OBJECT ORIENTATION MODELING (OOM)

OO Data Classification

4.2.2 AGENT BASED MODELING (ABM)

4.2.3 MULTI AGENT MODELING (MAM)

4.3 CONCEPTUAL BASES OF MULTI AGENT MODELING -MAM

4.3.1 OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS (OOA)

-requirements statements,-a formal vision document, and-interviews with participants, stakeholders or other interested parties.

4.3.2OBJECT ORIENTATED DESIGN OOD

4.4 MAM LANGUAGES

4.4.1 UNITED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML) DIAGRAMS:

4.4.2 AGENT MODELING LANGUAGE (AML)

"AML can be used whenever it is suitable or useful to build models that (1) consist of a number of autonomous, concurrent and/or asynchronous (possibly proactive) entities, (2) comprise entities that are able to observe and/or interact with their environment, (3) make use of complex interactions and aggregated services, (4) employ social structures, and (5) capture mental characteristics of systems and/or their parts."

PPP Model Analysis; Egyptian Experience

1-requirements statements,2-a formal vision document, and 3-interviews with participants, stakeholders or other interested parties.

formal vision document

Level, Time and Outcomes

5.1 SELECTION CRITERIA OF CASE STUDIES

Fig. 5-4: Satellite image of MN location in Cairo Governorate Source: GTZ, 2005

Fig. 5-5: MN borders Source: GTZ, 2005

5.1.1 DATA SOURCES

5.1.2 ANALYTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN PP IN BOTH CASE

STUDIES

1 This is the area of the 4 sheikhat and not the total area of MN 2 LAAP is one of the workshop based methods of PP that depends on intensive workshops for participants to local problems and proposes solutions and action on local area map.

IDG, GTZ, 2005

Fig. 5-6(a): first meeting at the LPC of Beltan

Fig. 5-7(a): Focus groups at the data analysis phase

Fig. 5-6(b): second meeting in El-Gazawya at Sheikh El Balad guest house.

Fig. 5-7(b): planning sessions in MN

Fig. 5-6(c): third meeting at the LPC of Beltan

Fig. 5-7(c): SWOT Analysis with ICA

Fig. 5-6(d): Final meeting at LPC of Beltan.

Fig 5-7 (d): Meeting with professionals.

5.2 TESTING SUCCESS CRITERIA IN CASE STUDIES

P.P. Products LPC Evaluation (citizen survey satisfaction)

Fig. 5-8 : Linear Self-correction Mechanism in MN Source: researcher

4 This percent doesn’t represent those who didn’t participate and answered the first sectioned of the questionnaire.

5.2.1 LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN CASE STUDIES

. Khalil Shaat, GTZ Advisor. Interview, 2010.

"Representatives of local civil society, local business and local administration will be able to implement available tools of participatory urban upgrading on their own. They will develop their own concepts to improve their environment, livelihood and access to services"

"Of particular importance is that women, youth and tenants are represented

(50%)".

a-Awareness

b-Quality of information

6 There were no churches in Beltan, but there were churches in MN, so the question has to be generalized to cover both Muslims and Christians in both case studies. 7 Percentages presented shows those who were not positive about the quality, so 86.5% reported information to be sufficient, and so forth in the rest of presented percentages.

c- Interface

-Illiteracy:

-Poverty:

-Illiteracy:

-Poverty:

-Unemployment: -Unemployment:

5.2.2 TIME OF PARTICIPATION IN CASE STUDIES

9 PP project is used here because the two case studies were not of the proposed sustainable “process” type.

10 Reason for taking longer than it should in Beltan is

11 Reason for taking longer than it should in MN is

a- Tasks per participant

b- Learning means

a- Acquiring and updating information

b- Problem solution data bank

c- IT learning tools (communication tools)

b- Technophobia

5.2.3 OUTCOME OF PARTICIPATION:

a- Community networking

b- Collaborative Information system

c- Knowledge Engineering

a- Public acceptance

b- Resources

c- Leadership and human capabilities

5.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

0.0090,002Level of Participation

=30 min/part./day

=5 min/part./day

Time of Participation

Outcome of Participation

5.4 BRIEF OF MODEL REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Packages of the PPP model

6.1.1 INITIATOR PACKAGE

6.1.2 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING COMMITTEE (PPC) PACKAGE

6.1.3 COMMUNITY PACKAGE

6.1.4 CENTRAL DATA BASE PACKAGE

6.1.5 INTERFACE PACKAGE

6.2 PROTOCOLS OF PPP MODEL

6.2.1 PPC PROTOCOL

6.2.2 WORKGROUP PROTOCOL

6.2.3 COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM PROTOCOL

6.3 AGENTS FUNCTIONS OF THE PPP MODEL

6.3.1 INITIATOR (DONOR) FUNCTIONS

6.3.2 CONSULTANT’S FUNCTIONS

2Time between updates needs a further study that is out of the scope of the model requirements, but still has to be mentioned because of its importance.

6.3.3 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING COMMITTEE (PPC) FUNCTIONS

6.3.4 INITIATOR REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

6.3.5 LPC REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

6.3.6 NGO REPRESENTATIVES FUNCTIONS

3 This actually happened in MN where donations were given form the Japanese embassy to one of the local N.G.O.s to perform the task of renovating classes in local schools. They performed all the carpentry and roof gardening.

6.3.7 RESOURCE COLLECTOR FUNCTIONS

6.3.8 WORKGROUP FUNCTIONS

6.3.9 FACILITATOR FUNCTIONS

4 Approve data means that every participant should answer a questionnaire which has a form like: Is the data collected about the problem; useful, sufficient, correct, updated and transparent? This also applies to data analysis.

6.3.10 PARTICIPANT FUNCTIONS

6.3.11 ACTIVE CITIZEN FUNCTIONS

6.3.12 ADVERTISING AGENCY

6.3.13 COMMUNICATION CENTER FUNCTIONS

6.4 STATES AND INTER-RELATIONS OF PPP AGENTS

6.4.1 PPC STATES

6.4.2. WORKGROUP STATES

6.5.2 ACTIVITY OF “PROBLEM PROFILE” FORMATION

6.5.3 ACTIVITY OF “SOLUTION PROFILE” FORMATION

6.5.4 ACTIVITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF “PROJECT”

6.6 COLLABORATION AMONG AGENTS AND SEQUENCE OF

THEIR ACTIVITIES

6.7 PPP MODEL DEPLOYMENT

6.8 INTEGRATING THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY PPP

Conclusion

Introduction

7.1 Theoretical Reflections

Conclusion

7.2 Reflections on the Current Research

Conclusion

7.3 Recommendations for Further Research

Conclusion

Appendices

Fig. (d): actor

Appendices

Active Class

class name

Fig. (d): Associations

Appendices

A success, because

Appendices

1 The Local Initiative Fund (LIF) is one of the local development tools created under the Participatory Urban Management Program, a cooperation between the Egyptian Ministry of Planning and the GTZ.

Appendices

(a) (b

(c) (d

(e) (f)

Activity 1 Activity 2Activity 1

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3 Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 2

Activity 1

(2001)

Appendices

http://snec.synergeticists.org/

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Städtebau-Institut Stuttgart

Städtebau-Institut, Fakultät 1: Architektur und Stadtplanung, Universität Stuttgart

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