design resource book

DESIGN RESOURCE BOOK

Louise Le

Table of Contents

England: Renaissance to Neoclassical Tudor Jacobean William and Mary Queen Anne Chippendale Adams Brothers or William

Kent Sheraton Hepplewhite

Pre-Columbian America Olmecs Teotihuacan Mayans Moche Incas Mixtecs North American: Pueblo,

Hopi, Cherokee Early America

Colonial Period William and Mary Queen Anne Georgian Federal Spanish Missions Shaker John Townsend Samuel McIntyre Duncan Phyfe

19th Century Empire Eastlake Second Empire Regency Neoclassicism in Ireland Biedermeier Gustavian Victorian Gothic Revival Greek Revival Egyptian Revival Romanesque Revival Renaissance Revival

Arts and Crafts Movement

Art Nouveau Movement Art Deco 20th Century

Frank Lloyd Wright Bauhaus Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Scandinavian Modern Richard Neutra Philip Johnson Frank Gehry Tadao Ando Charles and Ray Eames

England: Renaissance to Neoclassical

Tudor

Rulling Family:-Henry VII- Edward VI-Mary I

Gothic Classical

Characteristics:•Gables •Half-timbered structure•Wattle and daub technique•Linenfold motif•Tudor rose motif•Tudor Arch•Great Hall

Tudor

Elizabethan

Daughter of Henry VIII

Characteristics:•Large glass areas•Clusters of classical order chimneys•Symmetric design•E or H-shaped Plans•Paneled walls•Great Hall

Montacute House

Elizabethan

Jacobean

Stuart Family (1603-1714)

James I influenced by classical architect Inigo Jones

Characteristics:•Linenfold motif•Design becomes more confident•Classicism influence•Brighter colors•3-dimensionality

The Banqueting House

Jacobean

ArchitectureKnole, kent Banqueting

House,, London by Inigo Jones

Furniture• Wainscot

chairs• Turned

chair• Gateleg

Table• Jacobean

Upholstered Chair

• Jacobean Settee

• Jacobean chest (press cupboard)

• Jacobean Monk’s chest

• Jacobean Monk chest

• Strapwork

William and Mary

Blenheim Palace,

Oxfordshire

Influenced by Baroque style (1689-1702)

Characteristics:• More weight, drama. Movement•Tear-drop hardware•Trumpet Leg

ArchitectureSt. Pauls Cathedral, LondonBlenheim Palace, Oxforshire

William and Mary

Furniture Treatments & Terms• Marquetry•Seaweed Marquetry•Japanning•Parcil gilt•Flemish S or C Scroll

Furniture• William & Mary Highboy•William & Mary Bun Foot Chest•William & Mary Wing Back chair & ottoman•William & Mary drawers

Queen Anne

Baroque Influence(1702-1714)

Furniture•Queen Anne Chairs•Casegoods

•Queen Anne Lowboy•Queen Anne Highboy•Queen Anne Tallboy

Chippendale

Neoclassical but highly eclectic

Chairs•Ladder-Back Chairs•Ribband Back Chair• Gothic Influence•H-stretchers

Characteristics•Re-did Ball and Claw•Rosette Bail Handles/ Willow mount with Bail Handle•Simple •Mahogany•Cabriole Leg Marlborough

Chippendale

Adams Brothers

Syon House

Achitecture•Syon House, London

Characteristics• Elaborate walls and moldings

•Swags•Gilt•Foliage

•Palladio and French•Overall Unity/ Cohesiveness•Neutral Colors + Pastel Blue•Enfalades•Furniture goes belongs

Their Father William Adams was a famous Scottish Architect.

Robert Adams was the chief designer and brought in Neoclassicsm.

Saltram House

Sheraton

Influenced by Hepplewhite.

Characteristics•Square•Urn-backs

•Stuffed over Upholstery•Mahogany + Satinwood•Designed for male + Female

Hepplewhite

Neoclassic Furniture

Characteristics•Painted on furniture•Spade foot•Designed pier glass

•Sheild, camel, oval, heart, wheel backs•Used Mahogany + Satinwood

•Influenced by Greek with Urn

Pre-Columbian America

Olmecs

Early Columbian Civilization. Before 500 B.C.

Gods:Quetzocoatl Tlaloc(coatlique)

Characteristics•Collasal Heads•Jaguar•Ball Court•Sacrafice

ArchitectureLa Venta

Teotihuacan

250 B.C. – A.D. 900

Approximately 200,000 inhabitants

Ceremonial center 2 miles long

130’ wide avenue of the dead

3 Main structures: Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Pyramid of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon

Mayans

300 B.C. – 1521 A.D.

Occupied central America

Had observatories in the Guard towers

Ball courts- sacrificial game

Ritual furniture Chacmool •found at the top of the pyramid

Moche

Early Columbian Civilzation 100 A.D. – 750 A.D.

Located: Peru

Used Plaster for walls and having elaborate murals

Known for their pottery

Stirrup Sprout Vessel

People portrayed in pottery became more naturalistic and less idealistic

Incas

Resources• Adobe (Coastal area)•Wood (eastern Slope)•Stone (Highlands)

Early Columbian Civilzation 1000 A.D. – 1476 A.D.

ArchitectureMachu Picchu•Resort for their rulers

Mixtecs

Style:Geometric mannerMotifs seem Greek

Early Columbian Civilzation 1200 A.D. – 1521 A.D.

Mitla was their burial site.

North American Cherokee

North American Hopi

North American Pueblo

Adobe Houses

Basket weaving

Early America

Colonial Period

First Settlement came from Spain in Florida in 1565

First English Settlement was Jamestown Virginia 1607

ArchitectureEarly Colonial: Wren BuildingWilliamsburgGovernors PalaceLate Colonial: California MissionMonticello

Famous ArchitectsJohn Coney Caspar Witar

William and Mary

Ladder back chair

William and Mary chair styles in the Americas

Queen Anne

Was the most popular European style in the Americas

It was dubbed Georgian •Influenced by Queen Anne +European Baroque

Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect

Georgian

Georgian is the combination of Queen Anne and European Baroque

Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect•Named after King George

Architecture:Williamsburg Capitol of Virginia1699-1779

Wood:Walnut

Federal

Was the Georgian design counterpart after the Revolution.

Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect•Greek and Roman Influenced•Eagles

Architecture:White HouseMoticello

Architects:William ThortonDuncan Phyfe

Wood:Walnut

Spanish Missions

Occurred at the same time as the Federal Period

Father Junipero Sara is the founder of Spanish Missions

29 missions total

Characteristics:•Adobe •Influenced by Spain

•Interiors were very important•Each mission’s characteristic was dependent on its location

Shaker

Early settlers from England came to Americas and settled in New York.

A philosophically based society greatly influenced design

Form Follows Function

Characteristics:•Simple•Functional•Comparable to Japanese design•Sparse •Colors: meetinghouse blue, trustee brown, and Ministry Green

John Townsend

Designed in Late Colonial (Georgian) Period.

Apprenticed John Goddard.

Works:Blockfront casegoodsCockleshell ornament: block and shell pieces

Samuel Mcintyre

Had an extremely cohesive design style.

His furniture designs were based on Sheraton and Hepplewhite.

Works:Gardner Pingree House1805

Duncan Phyfe

Early America’s most famous designer.

Influenced by Chippendale and Sheraton

Characteristics:Lyre motifMahoganyScrolled arms

19th Century

Empire

Style attributed to Napolean Bonaparte.

Great appreciation of the arts.

Works:Arc de TriompheAcademie des Beaux-artsFontainebleau

Architects:•Charles Percier •Pierre Franxois Leonard Fontaine

Characteristics:Drapes everywhereHeavy

Eastlake

Second Empire

Style attributed to Napolean III.

Rebuilt Paris as we know it today.

Works:L’OperaLourve

Architects:•Georges Haussmann

Characteristics:•Elaborate •Attention to detail•Mansard Roof•Steel Grey-Blue

Regency

Thomas Hope and George Smith influenced this design style.

Works:Royal Pavillion at BrightonRegent’s ParkBank of EnglandLincoln’s Inn Fields

Architects:•John Nash•Sir John Soane

Characteristics:•Plain plaster walls•Curves•Straight classical molding•Very tall windows•Marble busts

Neoclassicism in Ireland

Lead by James Gandon

Works:The Customs HouseFour Court, King’s Inns

Biedermeier

Style:•"charming + Clumsy" •Seating arranged in groups•Soft Simple Colors•Wallpaper was also used (Striped)•Painted moldings •Complementary colors•Plants•Palm trees

Attributed to Papa Bierdermeier (fictional character)

Popular in Germany and Scandinavia

Gustavian

Design style in Sweden

Named After Gustav III

Designer:Carl Fredrik Sundvall

Work: Manor House Stiernsund

Characteristic:Neutral colorsAiry LightNeoclassical

Victorian

Fixed feather fan with hummingbird

Queen Victoria

Marked by the Reign of Queen Victoria.

During this period the British Empire flourished and traveling became the norm. People brought back furniture from their visits and this contributed to a marked difference to design.

Gothic Revival

A.W.N. Pugin advocated Gothic Revival

Style:•Rich in ornament•Interiors were more simplified•Simple oak carvings vs. paper walls •Wool fabrics•Earthy colors•Wainscoting•Stenciling was done

Works: Linhurst in Terrytown New YorkSt.Patrick’s Cathedral in NYAcademy of Fine Arts

Greek Revival

Became the correct style for government buildings and expression of civic virtue

Egyptian Revival

Napoleon Bonaparte introduced Egyptian Revival

Designers:PercierFontaine

Romanesque Revival

CharacteristicsSupplimented architecture with woodStained glass Decorative tile

Architect:Henry Hobson Richardson

Style:•Spare ornament•Large masonry•Rounded headed arches•Barrel vaulting•columns are very distinct in their own right•Simple used in clusters, more slender

WorksTrinity Church in Boston

Renaissance Revival

Popularized by Herter Brothers

Designers:A. BaudouineAlexander Roux

CharacteristicsRosewoodUpholstery elaborate and colors rich

Arts and Crafts Movement

Arts and Crafts

Created by William morris

Also known as the Craftsman style or Mission Style

Designers:Gustav StickleyGreene and Greene

Works:Gamble House

Arts and Crafts

Art Nouveau Movement

Art Nouveau

Characteristic:Sinuous curvesAsymmetryPlant formsPrimarily concerned

with visualUse of iron

Designers:Arthur

HeygateMackmurdo

Louis Sullivan

Art Nouveau

Works:Hotel SavoyHotel Tassel

Art Nouveau in France

Designers: Emille Galle and Hector Guimard

Art Nouveau in Austria

Designers: Otto Wagner Adolf Loos and Josef Hoffman

Art Deco

Art Deco

René Lalique.'Oranges' vase.

Ruth Reeves: 'Manhattan', furnishing fabric

Carreras Cigarette Factory (now Greater London House)

Characteristics•Geometric plant shapes•Bold colors•Avoided curves•Combination of many different styles

Works:Chrysler Building in NYRadio City Music Hall

Art Deco

Chrysler Building NY

Radio City Music Hall

20th Century

Frank Lloyd Wright

Steel Cathedral (project); New York; 1926

Modernist architect

Explored spatial relationships

Bauhaus

Considered the most important development in design.

Directed by Walter Gropuis after WWI

Fundamental Belief: Social Responsibility

Marcel Breuer

Student at bauhause carpetry Workshop

Experimented with tubular steel as a furniture material

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Seagram Building

Apprenticed to Peter Behrens

Barcelona Pavillion

Characteristics• Onyx

• Green marble• Clear and green

glass• Floors of travertine• Black glass• White leather• Open plan

Richard Neutra

Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright

Works:Lovell Health HouseEdgar Kauffman Sr.

house

Characteristics:Relaxed modernism

Philip Johnson

Williams Tower (formerly the Transco Tower)

Greatly Admired Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Works:The Glass House

Frank Gehry

Another Modernist architect Gehry introduced a new way to look at shape and architecture

CharacteristicsHighly UnconventionalConsidered the

‘deconstructionist’Did not used straight

lines and right angles

A lot of steel

Works:Walt Disney Concert

HallPersonal Home in

Santa MonicaGuggenheim Museum

Tadao Ando

Charles and Ray Eames

Team of designers: Charles Eames and wife Ray Eames

Modernist known for their whimsical use of color and organic designs