design resource book
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGN RESOURCE BOOK
Louise Le
Table of Contents
England: Renaissance to Neoclassical Tudor Jacobean William and Mary Queen Anne Chippendale Adams Brothers or William
Kent Sheraton Hepplewhite
Pre-Columbian America Olmecs Teotihuacan Mayans Moche Incas Mixtecs North American: Pueblo,
Hopi, Cherokee Early America
Colonial Period William and Mary Queen Anne Georgian Federal Spanish Missions Shaker John Townsend Samuel McIntyre Duncan Phyfe
19th Century Empire Eastlake Second Empire Regency Neoclassicism in Ireland Biedermeier Gustavian Victorian Gothic Revival Greek Revival Egyptian Revival Romanesque Revival Renaissance Revival
Arts and Crafts Movement
Art Nouveau Movement Art Deco 20th Century
Frank Lloyd Wright Bauhaus Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Scandinavian Modern Richard Neutra Philip Johnson Frank Gehry Tadao Ando Charles and Ray Eames
England: Renaissance to Neoclassical
Tudor
Rulling Family:-Henry VII- Edward VI-Mary I
Gothic Classical
Characteristics:•Gables •Half-timbered structure•Wattle and daub technique•Linenfold motif•Tudor rose motif•Tudor Arch•Great Hall
Tudor
Elizabethan
Daughter of Henry VIII
Characteristics:•Large glass areas•Clusters of classical order chimneys•Symmetric design•E or H-shaped Plans•Paneled walls•Great Hall
Montacute House
Elizabethan
Jacobean
Stuart Family (1603-1714)
James I influenced by classical architect Inigo Jones
Characteristics:•Linenfold motif•Design becomes more confident•Classicism influence•Brighter colors•3-dimensionality
The Banqueting House
Jacobean
ArchitectureKnole, kent Banqueting
House,, London by Inigo Jones
Furniture• Wainscot
chairs• Turned
chair• Gateleg
Table• Jacobean
Upholstered Chair
• Jacobean Settee
• Jacobean chest (press cupboard)
• Jacobean Monk’s chest
• Jacobean Monk chest
• Strapwork
William and Mary
Blenheim Palace,
Oxfordshire
Influenced by Baroque style (1689-1702)
Characteristics:• More weight, drama. Movement•Tear-drop hardware•Trumpet Leg
ArchitectureSt. Pauls Cathedral, LondonBlenheim Palace, Oxforshire
William and Mary
Furniture Treatments & Terms• Marquetry•Seaweed Marquetry•Japanning•Parcil gilt•Flemish S or C Scroll
Furniture• William & Mary Highboy•William & Mary Bun Foot Chest•William & Mary Wing Back chair & ottoman•William & Mary drawers
Queen Anne
Baroque Influence(1702-1714)
Furniture•Queen Anne Chairs•Casegoods
•Queen Anne Lowboy•Queen Anne Highboy•Queen Anne Tallboy
Chippendale
Neoclassical but highly eclectic
Chairs•Ladder-Back Chairs•Ribband Back Chair• Gothic Influence•H-stretchers
Characteristics•Re-did Ball and Claw•Rosette Bail Handles/ Willow mount with Bail Handle•Simple •Mahogany•Cabriole Leg Marlborough
Chippendale
Adams Brothers
Syon House
Achitecture•Syon House, London
Characteristics• Elaborate walls and moldings
•Swags•Gilt•Foliage
•Palladio and French•Overall Unity/ Cohesiveness•Neutral Colors + Pastel Blue•Enfalades•Furniture goes belongs
Their Father William Adams was a famous Scottish Architect.
Robert Adams was the chief designer and brought in Neoclassicsm.
Saltram House
Sheraton
Influenced by Hepplewhite.
Characteristics•Square•Urn-backs
•Stuffed over Upholstery•Mahogany + Satinwood•Designed for male + Female
Hepplewhite
Neoclassic Furniture
Characteristics•Painted on furniture•Spade foot•Designed pier glass
•Sheild, camel, oval, heart, wheel backs•Used Mahogany + Satinwood
•Influenced by Greek with Urn
Pre-Columbian America
Olmecs
Early Columbian Civilization. Before 500 B.C.
Gods:Quetzocoatl Tlaloc(coatlique)
Characteristics•Collasal Heads•Jaguar•Ball Court•Sacrafice
ArchitectureLa Venta
Teotihuacan
250 B.C. – A.D. 900
Approximately 200,000 inhabitants
Ceremonial center 2 miles long
130’ wide avenue of the dead
3 Main structures: Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Pyramid of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon
Mayans
300 B.C. – 1521 A.D.
Occupied central America
Had observatories in the Guard towers
Ball courts- sacrificial game
Ritual furniture Chacmool •found at the top of the pyramid
Moche
Early Columbian Civilzation 100 A.D. – 750 A.D.
Located: Peru
Used Plaster for walls and having elaborate murals
Known for their pottery
Stirrup Sprout Vessel
People portrayed in pottery became more naturalistic and less idealistic
Incas
Resources• Adobe (Coastal area)•Wood (eastern Slope)•Stone (Highlands)
Early Columbian Civilzation 1000 A.D. – 1476 A.D.
ArchitectureMachu Picchu•Resort for their rulers
Mixtecs
Style:Geometric mannerMotifs seem Greek
Early Columbian Civilzation 1200 A.D. – 1521 A.D.
Mitla was their burial site.
North American Cherokee
North American Hopi
North American Pueblo
Adobe Houses
Basket weaving
Early America
Colonial Period
First Settlement came from Spain in Florida in 1565
First English Settlement was Jamestown Virginia 1607
ArchitectureEarly Colonial: Wren BuildingWilliamsburgGovernors PalaceLate Colonial: California MissionMonticello
Famous ArchitectsJohn Coney Caspar Witar
William and Mary
Ladder back chair
William and Mary chair styles in the Americas
Queen Anne
Was the most popular European style in the Americas
It was dubbed Georgian •Influenced by Queen Anne +European Baroque
Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect
Georgian
Georgian is the combination of Queen Anne and European Baroque
Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect•Named after King George
Architecture:Williamsburg Capitol of Virginia1699-1779
Wood:Walnut
Federal
Was the Georgian design counterpart after the Revolution.
Characteristics•Heavy•Ornate•Classical aspect•Greek and Roman Influenced•Eagles
Architecture:White HouseMoticello
Architects:William ThortonDuncan Phyfe
Wood:Walnut
Spanish Missions
Occurred at the same time as the Federal Period
Father Junipero Sara is the founder of Spanish Missions
29 missions total
Characteristics:•Adobe •Influenced by Spain
•Interiors were very important•Each mission’s characteristic was dependent on its location
Shaker
Early settlers from England came to Americas and settled in New York.
A philosophically based society greatly influenced design
Form Follows Function
Characteristics:•Simple•Functional•Comparable to Japanese design•Sparse •Colors: meetinghouse blue, trustee brown, and Ministry Green
John Townsend
Designed in Late Colonial (Georgian) Period.
Apprenticed John Goddard.
Works:Blockfront casegoodsCockleshell ornament: block and shell pieces
Samuel Mcintyre
Had an extremely cohesive design style.
His furniture designs were based on Sheraton and Hepplewhite.
Works:Gardner Pingree House1805
Duncan Phyfe
Early America’s most famous designer.
Influenced by Chippendale and Sheraton
Characteristics:Lyre motifMahoganyScrolled arms
19th Century
Empire
Style attributed to Napolean Bonaparte.
Great appreciation of the arts.
Works:Arc de TriompheAcademie des Beaux-artsFontainebleau
Architects:•Charles Percier •Pierre Franxois Leonard Fontaine
Characteristics:Drapes everywhereHeavy
Eastlake
Second Empire
Style attributed to Napolean III.
Rebuilt Paris as we know it today.
Works:L’OperaLourve
Architects:•Georges Haussmann
Characteristics:•Elaborate •Attention to detail•Mansard Roof•Steel Grey-Blue
Regency
Thomas Hope and George Smith influenced this design style.
Works:Royal Pavillion at BrightonRegent’s ParkBank of EnglandLincoln’s Inn Fields
Architects:•John Nash•Sir John Soane
Characteristics:•Plain plaster walls•Curves•Straight classical molding•Very tall windows•Marble busts
Neoclassicism in Ireland
Lead by James Gandon
Works:The Customs HouseFour Court, King’s Inns
Biedermeier
Style:•"charming + Clumsy" •Seating arranged in groups•Soft Simple Colors•Wallpaper was also used (Striped)•Painted moldings •Complementary colors•Plants•Palm trees
Attributed to Papa Bierdermeier (fictional character)
Popular in Germany and Scandinavia
Gustavian
Design style in Sweden
Named After Gustav III
Designer:Carl Fredrik Sundvall
Work: Manor House Stiernsund
Characteristic:Neutral colorsAiry LightNeoclassical
Victorian
Fixed feather fan with hummingbird
Queen Victoria
Marked by the Reign of Queen Victoria.
During this period the British Empire flourished and traveling became the norm. People brought back furniture from their visits and this contributed to a marked difference to design.
Gothic Revival
A.W.N. Pugin advocated Gothic Revival
Style:•Rich in ornament•Interiors were more simplified•Simple oak carvings vs. paper walls •Wool fabrics•Earthy colors•Wainscoting•Stenciling was done
Works: Linhurst in Terrytown New YorkSt.Patrick’s Cathedral in NYAcademy of Fine Arts
Greek Revival
Became the correct style for government buildings and expression of civic virtue
Egyptian Revival
Napoleon Bonaparte introduced Egyptian Revival
Designers:PercierFontaine
Romanesque Revival
CharacteristicsSupplimented architecture with woodStained glass Decorative tile
Architect:Henry Hobson Richardson
Style:•Spare ornament•Large masonry•Rounded headed arches•Barrel vaulting•columns are very distinct in their own right•Simple used in clusters, more slender
WorksTrinity Church in Boston
Renaissance Revival
Popularized by Herter Brothers
Designers:A. BaudouineAlexander Roux
CharacteristicsRosewoodUpholstery elaborate and colors rich
Arts and Crafts Movement
Arts and Crafts
Created by William morris
Also known as the Craftsman style or Mission Style
Designers:Gustav StickleyGreene and Greene
Works:Gamble House
Arts and Crafts
Art Nouveau Movement
Art Nouveau
Characteristic:Sinuous curvesAsymmetryPlant formsPrimarily concerned
with visualUse of iron
Designers:Arthur
HeygateMackmurdo
Louis Sullivan
Art Nouveau
Works:Hotel SavoyHotel Tassel
Art Nouveau in France
Designers: Emille Galle and Hector Guimard
Art Nouveau in Austria
Designers: Otto Wagner Adolf Loos and Josef Hoffman
Art Deco
Art Deco
René Lalique.'Oranges' vase.
Ruth Reeves: 'Manhattan', furnishing fabric
Carreras Cigarette Factory (now Greater London House)
Characteristics•Geometric plant shapes•Bold colors•Avoided curves•Combination of many different styles
Works:Chrysler Building in NYRadio City Music Hall
Art Deco
Chrysler Building NY
Radio City Music Hall
20th Century
Frank Lloyd Wright
Steel Cathedral (project); New York; 1926
Modernist architect
Explored spatial relationships
Bauhaus
Considered the most important development in design.
Directed by Walter Gropuis after WWI
Fundamental Belief: Social Responsibility
Marcel Breuer
Student at bauhause carpetry Workshop
Experimented with tubular steel as a furniture material
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Seagram Building
Apprenticed to Peter Behrens
Barcelona Pavillion
Characteristics• Onyx
• Green marble• Clear and green
glass• Floors of travertine• Black glass• White leather• Open plan
Richard Neutra
Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright
Works:Lovell Health HouseEdgar Kauffman Sr.
house
Characteristics:Relaxed modernism
Philip Johnson
Williams Tower (formerly the Transco Tower)
Greatly Admired Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Works:The Glass House
Frank Gehry
Another Modernist architect Gehry introduced a new way to look at shape and architecture
CharacteristicsHighly UnconventionalConsidered the
‘deconstructionist’Did not used straight
lines and right angles
A lot of steel
Works:Walt Disney Concert
HallPersonal Home in
Santa MonicaGuggenheim Museum
Tadao Ando
Charles and Ray Eames
Team of designers: Charles Eames and wife Ray Eames
Modernist known for their whimsical use of color and organic designs