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Distance Education
Distance Learning
Objectives
• Definition of Distance Education
• Overview of Adult Education
• History of Distance Education
• Distance Education Today
“The Idea and Evolution of Distance Education”
Basic Definition of Distance Education
• A form of Adult Education
• Teacher and learner are separate
• During the majority of the instruction.
Expanded Definition of D.E.
• The separation of teacher and learner during at least a majority of the instructional process
• The influence of an educational organization, including the provision of student evaluation
• The use of educational media to unite teacher and learner and carry course content
• The provision of two-way communication between teacher, tutor, or educational agency and learner
Expanded Definition(continued)
Adult Education vs. Adult Learning
• Adult Education:– teaching of adults
– using an organized formal or informal plan of education
– direct involvement of a teacher
• Adult Learning: – a continuous part of
adult life
– primarily skills and knowledge for personally relevant situations
– without a formal educational institution or teacher
Adult Education Growing
Percent of College Students 25 yrs and Older
0
10
20
30
40
50
197719871997
3 Categories of Adult Education
• Career Education: – to prepare for vocation, profession or to
upgrade job skills
• Adult Basic Education: – to acquire basic skills to function
• Leisure and Enrichment: – to enrich life or lives of others
Dates in Distance Education
• 1840– Correspondence for
shorthand - England
• 1873– Society to Encourage
Study at Home
• 1874– Distance Ed begins at
Illinois Wesleyan University
• 1878 – Chautauqua Movement
• 1892– first printed use of term
“distance education”
Distance Education Today
• Open University of United Kingdom (OOUK) a model
• A worldwide phenomenon - 10 million people study at a distance
Distance Education Today
• Adult Learning Services (ALS) telecourses sponsored by Public Broadcasting Service - 1 million people from 1981 - 1988
• More than 90% of distance education in US is through postsecondary institutions other than colleges
Distance Education Today
• 4 million students enrolled at a given time in schools accredited by the National Home Study Counci
• International Correspondence School : first and largest privately licensed home study proprietary school
Typical Adult Learner
• Married
• White
• Female
• Attends school part-time
• Employed full-time
• Pays for tuition
Key Factors in Adult Learning
• Motivation tied to value adults place on learning
• Adults learn primarily for job-related reasons
• Adults like hands-on experience
• Adults are pragmatic learners who emphasize practical utility
Key Factors in Adult Learning
• Adults like to choose the time and place for learning
• Adults like to work at their own pace
• Adults like feedback
• Adults do not like to waste time
Distance Educations Barriers
• Dispositional: Preference for traditional classroom
• Situational: Cost and lack of time
• Institutional: Lack of support and information, red tape and prerequisites
Dimensions of Adult Learning Style
• Content
• Conditions
• Mode
• Prediction of Success
Design Considerations
• Learning Domains: Cognitive, Psychomotor, Affective
• Learning Style: Preferences
• Maturity: The more mature the student, the less direction needed
Food for Thought
• How can Distance Education be designed to accommodate individual differences in adults?
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