distn for motif nov2017 · pdf filethe diagnostic spelling test – nonwords (distn) ......

DiagnosticSpellingTest–Nonwords(DiSTn)-November2017

GeneralInformation

TheDiagnosticSpellingTest–Nonwords(DiSTn)testsaperson’sknowledgeofEnglishsound-letter-rules,alsoknownasphoneme-grapheme-correspondences(PGCs).Proficientspellersusetwokeyprocesses:translatingsoundstolettersusingsound-letter-rulesandtheirknowledgeofspellingsofwholewords.TheDiSTnevaluateswhichsound-letter-rulesapersoncanapplywhenspellingmade-upwords(nonwords).

TheDiSTniscomposedof74items(ie.,nonwords)whichassesstheknowledgeofover40sound-letter-rules.Thetestersaysthenonwordsandthespellertriestospellthenonwordsasaccuratelyaspossible.Adetailedanalysisallowsthetestertoassesswhichofthe40sound-letter-rulesapersoncanapplyinthespellingofnonwords.Thistestcanbeadministeredtoagrouporindividualstudents. Attheendofthetest,thetestergetsanoverviewofwhichsound-letter-rulesthespellerknows.Thetestermaythendecidetotraintherulesthatthespellerdoesnotknowyet.Thespeller’swholenonwordaccuracyscorecanbecomparedwiththatofindividualsinthesameyear(grade)asthespeller.Thecomparisongivesanindicationofachild’snonwordwordspellingaccuracyrelativetospellerswhohavereceivedsimilaramountsofinstruction.Twokindsofnormsareprovided:

1) Normswherenostoppingruleisapplied(ie.,thechildwasadministeredalltestitems)

2) Normswhereastoppingrulewasapplied(ie.,testingwasdiscontinuedafter5consecutiveerrors)

Ifyouwanttocitethistest,pleasedosoasfollows:Kohnen,S.,Colenbrander,D.,Krajenbrink,T.,&Nickels,L.(2015).Assessmentoflexicalandnon-lexicalspellinginstudentsinGrades1-7.AustralianJournalofLearningDifficulties,20(1),15-38.Doi:10.1080/19404158.2015.1023209Forcorrectionsofthenormdatatablespleaseseethefollowingcorrigendum:Kohnen,S.,Colenbrander,D.,Krajenbrink,T.,&Nickels,L.(2016).Corrigendum:Assessmentoflexicalandnon-lexicalspellinginstudentsinGrades1-7.AustralianJournalofLearningDifficulties,21(2),167-174.DOI:10.1080/19404158.2016.1273961

Preparation

1. Printthispdffileusingdouble-sidedprinting.

2. TheDiSTnAnswerSheet(pages5and6ofthisdocument)shouldlooklikethis:

Frontview: Backview:

3. Ensureyouhavethefollowingmaterials:

TestingInstructions

AnswerSheet

ScoringInstructions

ScoringSheet

AnalysisInstructions

AnalysisSheet

Normswithoutstoppingrule(AppendicesAandB)

Normswithstoppingrule(AppendicesCandD)

TestingInstructions

Familiariseyourselfwiththenonwords.Listentotherecordingsofthenonwordpronunciations,availablefromtheMOTifwebsite(www.motif.org.au). Thistestcanbeadministeredinagroupsituationorinaone-on-onesituation.Onlytheanswersheetandapenorpencilshouldbeonthestudents’/student’sdesk/s. Allstudentsshouldcompletetheentiretest,exceptincaseswhereachildhaslittleornoknowledgeofsoundletterrules(see“DiscontinueRule”below).Whileitispreferabletoadministerthetestinasinglesession,thetestcanbeadministeredintwoshortersessionsifnecessary.Pleasenote,however,thatthenormswerecollectedinonetestingsession. Forgroupadministration:Makesurethattheseatingisarrangedsuchthatstudentscannoteasilyseeanyoneelse’swork.Thestudentsshouldnottalk,lookatanyoneelse’sworkortrytohelponeanother.

DiscontinueRule

Thistestdoesnothaveacompulsorystoppingrule.Thisisbecausearesponsetoeveryitemisrequiredinordertocompletetheerroranalysisandidentifywhichsoundletterrulesachildknows.However,incaseswhereitisclearthatachildhaslittleornoknowledgeoflettersoundrules,adiscontinuerulemaybeappliedinordertoavoidfrustration.Insuchcases,thetestmaybediscontinuedafter5consecutiveerrors.Separatenormsapplyincaseswhenthediscontinueruleisapplied.

Administration

Saythefollowing:

1. Writedownyourfirstnameandyourfamilynameonyourresponsesheet.

2. Writedownyourdateofbirth(orageifmoreappropriate)

3. Writedownthedate.Thedatetodayisthe_______(saydate)

4. Turnthesheetaround.

5. IamgoingtogiveyouatestandIwanttoseehowwellyoucando.Pleasetrytodoyourbestandwriteasneatlyasyoucan.Ifyouarenotsurewhatthecorrectansweris,Istillwantyoutotryyourbest.

6. Forgroupadministration:Pleasedonottalkorlookatanyoneelse’sworkorletanyoneelseseeyourwork.

7. Yourresponsesheetisnumberedfrom1to74.I’mgoingtosay74nonwords.Nonwordsaremadeupwordsthatdon’texist.Butyoucanspellthem

anyway.Sometimesmorethanoneansweriscorrect.Onlywritedownoneanswer.Iwillsayanonword.Ifyoudidn’thearit,listenverycarefullybecauseIwillsaythenonwordonemoretime.Thenwritedownyouranswer.Ifyoureallydidn’thearthenonword,putupyourhandandwaitformetoaskyouwhattheproblemis.

Unexpectedincidents

Repetitionofitems:Ifastudentdoesnothearanitem,thetestadministratorneedstomakeajudgementwhetherornottorepeattheword,bearinginmindthattoomuchrepetitionmightbedisruptivetothetestingsituation.Initially,theadministratormaywanttoremindthestudent/stolistencarefullysinceitemswillnotberepeatedagain.Administrationspeed:Ifrequestsforrepetitionsoccurfrequently,theadministrationspeedmaybetoohigh.Ifstudentshavetoomuchtimebetweentestitems,speedshouldbeincreased.Abilitygroups:Itmaybeusefultodividestudentsintosmallergroupsthatarematchedonabilityasthepoorerstudentsmayrequiremoretime,whileadministrationspeedshouldbehigherforadvancedstudents.

DiagnosticSpellingTest–Nonwords(DiSTn)–November2017

AnswerSheet

Firstname

Familyname

DateofBirth Age

Year(Grade)

Fortesteronly:

TesterName

RawScore /74

NormsUsed

StandardisedScore

PercentileRank

Spellings: 1 38 2 39 3 40 4 41 5 42 6 43 7 44 8 45 9 46 10 47 11 48 12 49 13 50 14 51 15 52 16 53 17 54 18 55 19 56 20 57 21 58 22 59 23 60 24 61 25 62 26 63 27 64 28 65 29 66 30 67 31 68 32 69 33 70 34 71 35 72 36 73 37 74 Subtotal Subtotal Total

ScoringInstructions

1. Usethescoringsheettoscoreastudent’sresponses.Write1intheAccuracycolumnifthewholenonwordisspelledcorrectly.Write0intheAccuracycolumnifthenonwordcontainsanyerrors.

- Ifthereareanyalternativesnotedonthescoringsheet,anyofthesealternativesisacceptedascorrect(forexample,acceptablespellingsforthenonwordleetareleat,leetorlete)

- Bothupperandlowercaselettersareacceptedascorrect.Mirrorreversalsshouldalsobeacceptedascorrect.However,mirrorreversalsthatleadtootherlettersarenotacceptedascorrect(eg.goodasgoob,peopleandpeodle).

- Sometimeschildrenwilladdan–etotheendofanonwordwhentheyareunsurehowtospellit.Ifachildappearstohaveaddedanunnecessary–etotheendofaresponse,recordthisbywriting‘+e’totherightoftheaccuracycolumn.

2. Calculatethesumofthe“Score”columntogivearawscoreoutof74.

3. Determinethebestcomparisongroupforthechildinquestion(Year/Grade1,2,3,4,5,6or7).

Thenormsamplewastestedinterm4.Therefore,forexample,iftestingachildinYear2,term1,itmaybemoreappropriatetocomparetheirperformancetothatoftheYear1group.

4. RefertotheYear/GradeNormswithorwithoutstoppingrule,dependingonwhetherornotthestoppingrulewasapplied(AppendicesA-D).Findthechild’srawscoreintheleft-handcolumn.Readacrossthesamerowuntilyoulocatethecolumnthatshowstheappropriateyear/grade.

5. Hereyouwillfindapercentilescoreandazscore.

Percentilescorestellyouthepercentageofchildreninthesameyear/gradeasthechildyoutestedwhoscoredbelowthescoreofthechildyoutested.

Forexample,apercentileof34meansthatthechild’sperformanceisthesameorbetterthan34%ofchildreninthesameyear/grade.Scoresbetween16and84areconsideredintheaveragerange(seeTable1).

Z-scoresareanotherstandardisedscorethattellyouhowclosethescoreofthechildyoutestedistotheaveragescoreofayear/gradelevel.

Theaveragez-scoreis0.ScoresthatarehigherthanOarebetterthanaverage,scoreslowerthan0arepoorerthanaverage.Z-scoresbetween-1and1areconsideredtobeintheaveragerange(seeTable1).

6. Youcanuseachild’sz-score(orpercentile)andTable1todetermineiftheirscoreontheDiSTnisaverage,aboveaverage,wellaboveaverage,belowaverage,orwellbelowaverage.

Table1:Percentileandz-scoreaverageranges.

Wellbelow

average

averageAverage

average

Wellabove

average

Percentile <3 3–15 16–84 85–98 >98

Z-score <-2.00 <-1.00 -1.00to1.00 >1.00 >2.00

ScoringSheet

Pronun-ciation(IPA) Item Otheracceptableresponses Response

Circleasappropriate Accuracy(WholeItem)

InitialPGC MedialPGC

FinalPGC

1 mɪp mip m i p

2 næm nam knam, knamb, namb n/kn a m/mb

3 hɛg heg h e g

4 bʌv buv buve, bove b u/o-e v/ve

5 gɪb gib g i b

6 hʌd hud h u d

7 fɒt fot f o t

8 dæp dap d a p

9 tɛm tem temb t e m/mb

10 ʤæv jav jave j a v/ve

11 sʌg sug s u g

12 lɒnt lont l o n t

13 pɒnk ponk p o n k

14 li:t leet leat, lete l ee/ea/e-e t

15 ðɒb thob th o b

16 ni:g neeg neag, kneeg, kneag (Note: nege is incorrect) kn/n ee/ea/e-e g

17 ku:v koov coov, coove, koove, cuve, kuve c/k oo/u-e v/ve

18 si:b seeb seab, sebe, ceeb, ceab, cebe s/c ee/ea/e-e b

19 zɔ:m zorm zawm, zaum z or/aw/au m

20 kwi:d queed quead, quede qu ee/ea/e-e d

21 wu:st woost whoosed, whoost, woosed w/wh oo s t/s ed

22 rɪz rizz riz, wriz, wrizz r/wr i zz/z

23 ju:m yoom

ume, yume, youm (Note: if ume, then no grapheme for /j/ required) y oo/u-e/ou m

24 lɛŋ leng l e ng

25 væk vack v a ck

26 da:p darp d ar p

27 ʃʌs shuss sh u ss

28 θɪf thiff th i ff

29 jɛk yeck y e ck

30 zɛl zell z e ll

31 ja:ʃ yarsh y ar sh

32 kwu:tʃ quooch qu oo ch

33 pa:f parf p ar f

34 lɜ:θ lurth lerth, lirth l ur/er/ir th

35 jɔ:tʃ yorch yawch, yauch, yourch y or/aw/au/our ch

36 zaɪ zie zy z ie/y

37 kwɔɪk quoik qu oi k

38 sneɪ snay s n ay

39 ʃaɪf shife sh i-e f

40 blɔɪ bloy b l oy

41 wæŋ wang whang w/wh a ng

42 tʃeɪt chate chait ch a-e/ai t

43 θɜ:k therk thirk, thurk th er/ir/ur k

44 rəʊf rofe roaf, wrofe, wroaf r/wr o-e/oa f

45 geɪd gade gaid, gayed (Note: gayd is incorrect) g ai/a-e/ay d/ed

46 drɔɪ droy d r oy

47 hɔɪlt hoilt hoiled h oi l t/l ed

48 zɜ:n zirn zern, zurn z ir/er/ur n

49 ʤɔ:t jort jawt, jaut j or/aw/au t

50 teɪ tay t ay

51 ʤɜ:b jerb gerb, jirb, girb, jurb j/g er/ir/ur b

52 tʃeɪ chay ch ay

53 trəʊd trode troad t r oa/ow d

54 glaɪ gly glie g l y/ie

55 Ðɔ:ʃ thorsh thawsh, thaush th or/aw/au sh

56 kwaɪv quive qu i-e v

57 veɪ vay v ay

58 raʊʃ roush wroush r/wr ou/ow sh

59 ʃlaɪ shly shlie sh l ie/y

60 heɪf hafe haif h a-e/ai f

61 ka:ʤ carge karge c/k ar ge

62 ʤaɪs jise jice, gise, gice j/g i-e s/ce

63 lɔɪ loy l oy

64 waʊl whoul woul, wowl, whowl w/wh ou/ow l

65 trɪŋ tring t r i ng

66 ðɔɪ thoy th oy

67 waʊp woup whoup, wowp, whowp w/wh ou/ow p

68 vəʊm vome voam v oa/o-e m

69 ðɔɪŋ thoing th oi ng

70 zəʊʤ zoge zoage z oa/o-e ge

71 maʊg moug m ou g

72 fleɪθ flaith f l ai th

73 θraɪp thripe th r i-e p

74 zɔɪʃ zoish z oi sh

Sum Correct

Comments:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Analysisinstructions

Inordertocompletetheanalysisofwhichphoneme-grapheme-correspondence(PGC)rulesachildknows,youwillneedacopyofthechild’sscoringsheetandacopyoftheanalysissheet.Theanalysissheetcontainsthesoundletterrulesassessed(e.g.thephoneme/r/correspondstothegrapheme<R>),andthenumbersofalltheitemsthatcontaineachrule.Foreachrulelistedontheanalysissheet,usetheitemnumbersprovidedtolookuptheitemonthescoringsheet.Ifthesoundisrepresentedcorrectlyonthescoringsheet,placeatickbelowtheitemnumberinthe“PGCerror”rowontheanalysissheet.Ifthesoundisnotrepresentedcorrectlyonthescoringsheet,circletheitemnumberontheanalysissheet.Thenwritedownwhichletter(s)thechildusedinsteadinthe“PGCerror”rowbelowtheitemnumber.Ifachildspelledanonworditemcorrectlyusingoneofthealternativespellingsbutdidnotusethetargetletter(forexample,ifachildspelledjerb(item51)asgerb,whichisalsoanacceptablespellingbutdoesnocontainthetargetletterj),donotplaceatickbelowtheitemnumberontheanalysissheet,anddonotcirclethenumber.WriteDK(“don’tknow”)belowtheitemnumber,asthereisnoevidenceofwhetherornotthechildknowstherule.Lookathowthechildspelledotherinstancesoftheruletodeterminewhetherornotthechildknowstherule.PleasenotethatitisnotalwaysclearexactlywhichPGCisincorrectinachild’srepresentation.Forexample,ifachildwritesumforthenonwordyoom,wedonotreallyknowwhetherthechildintendedthe‘u’torepresent‘yoo’,‘y’,or‘u’.Therefore,ifyouareunsurewhetherornotachildhasdifficultyspellingaparticularPGC,itisextremelyimportanttolookatallinstancesofthePGCratherthanindividualexamples.Ifachildmakesmorethanoneerroronaparticularsound-letterrule,wesuggestthatthisruleistreated.Ifthereareseveralrulesforwhichachildhastwoormoreerrors,treattherulesinorderofappearanceontheanalysissheet,i.e.,/g/–Gbefore/i:/-ee,ea,e_e.Note:Ifanitemnumberintheanalysistableappearsinabracket,thisindicatesthatthatthePGCoccursinaclusterinthisitem(eg.,theNinfinalpositioninitem12isponk).Iftherearemultiplegraphemesinbracketsafteranumber,thisindicatesthattherearemorethanoneacceptablealternativespellingsforthisphoneme(eg.,the/n/initem2canbespelledas‘n’or‘kn’:‘nam’or‘knam’).RefertoKohnen,S.&Nickels,L.(2010).Teachingchildrenwithdevelopmentalspellingdifficultiesinaone-on-onecontext.AustralasianJournalofSpecialEducation,34(1),36-60.doi:10.1375/ajse.34.1.36forsuggestionsoftreatmentmethods.

Notes• Therulesarebasedonananalysisofphoneme-to-graphemecorrespondences

(PGCs)inmonosyllabicEnglishwordsbyPerry,ZieglerandColtheart(1992).Forsomephonemes(e.g.,thelong/i:/asinteam),morethanonegraphemeisusedfrequently(e.g.,‘ee’asinfeel,ore_easinswede).

• Forsomerules,therearespecificcontextsinwhichtheyapply.Forexample,the/ou/soundasine.g.,owl,clown,count,loudisspelledas‘ow’attheendofasyllable(cow,now)oriffollowedbya‘l’(owl)orasingle‘n’(clown).The/ou/soundisspelled‘ou’inmostothercircumstances(eg.found,out,trout,loud).Similarly,the/k/soundisspelledas‘k’iffollowedbyan‘i’and‘e’(kind,kiss,kelp,kept)andwitha‘c’inanyothercircumstance.Thisisreflectedinthelistofacceptablecorrectresponses.

• Someconsonantsaredoubledaftershortvowelsattheendofasyllable:kiss,Miss,cuff,riff,jazz,frizz,yell,fellincontrasttolist,mist,yelp,felt./k/isspelledas‘ck’aftershortvowels:kick,luck,pack,peck.

• /v/attheendofawordisspelledas‘ve’:love,sieve.• /tS/ismostoftenspelled‘tch’attheendofasyllable(eg.match,fetch,hitch)

buttherearealotofhighfrequencywordswith‘ch’(rich,such,much).Aswitheveryrule,ofcoursethereareexceptions.

Analysissheet

*NoiteminthetestwiththisPGCinthisparticularposition

p (pick) P 13, 33

PGC Errorm (mum) M 1, 71

PGC Errorn (nun) N 2(N/KN), 16(N/KN), (38)

PGC Errorh (hut) H 3, 6, 47, 60

PGC Errorb (bell) B 4, (40)

PGC Errorg (girl) G 5, 45, (54)

PGC Errork (cat) C/K 17, 61 CK 25, 29 K (13), 37, 43

PGC Errorf (fan) F 7, (72) FF 28 F 33, 39, 44, 60

PGC Errord (den) D 8, 26, (46)

PGC Errort (tick) T 9, 50, (53), (65)

PGC Errorl (lip) L 12, 14, 24, 34, (40), (54), (59), 63, (72) LL 30 L (47), 64

PGC Errorr (rip) R 22(R/WR), 44(R/WR), (46), (53), 58(R/WR), (65), (73)

PGC Errors (sill) S 11, 18(S/CE), (38) SS 27 S (21), 62(S/CE)

PGC Errorv (van) V 25, 57, 68

PGC Errorz (zip) Z 19, 30, 36, 48, 70, 74 ZZ/Z 22 *

PGC Errorɒ (of) O 7, 12, 13, 15

PGC Errorʌ (up) U 4(U/O.E), 6, 11, 27

PGC Errorɪ (ill) I 1, 5, 22, 28, 65

PGC Erroræ (amp) A 2, 8, 10, 25, 41

PGC Errorɛ (elk) E 3, 9, 24, 29, 30

PGC Error

Phoneme (example

N (12), (13), 48

Medial

B 5, 15, 18, 51

Grapheme

P 1, 8, 26, 67, 73

M 2(M/MB), 9(M/MB), 19, 23, 68

G 3, 11, 16, 71

D 6, 20, 45(D/ED), 53

T 7, (12), 14, (21: T/ED), 42, (47: T/ED), 49

V/VE 4, 10, 17, 56

Short Long

*NoiteminthetestwiththisPGCinthisparticularposition

ð (then) TH 15, 55, 66, 69

PGC Errorkw (quiz) QU 20, 32, 37, 56

PGC Errorʤ (jeans) J 10, 49, 51 (J/GE/GI), 62 (J/GI) * GE 61, 70

PGC Errorθ (thin) TH 28, 43, (73)

PGC Errorʃ (ship) SH 27, 39, (59)

PGC Errortʃ (check) CH 42, 52 * CH 32, 35

PGC Errorj (yell) Y 23, 29, 31, 35

PGC Errorŋ (sing)

PGC Errorw (well) W(H) 21, 41, 64, 67

PGC Errori: (team) EE/ EA/ E_E 14, 16, 18, 20

PGC Errora: (farm) AR 26, 31, 33, 61

PGC Erroru: (moon) OO 17(OO/U.E), 21, 23(OO/OU/U.E), 32

PGC Errorɜ : (surf) ER / IR / UR 34, 43, 48, 51

PGC Errorɔ: (torn) OR/AW/AU 19 35 (OR/OUR/AW/AU), 49, 55

PGC Erroreɪ (wave) A_E / AI 42, 45 (A_E/AI/AY.ED) 60, 72 (AI)

PGC Erroraɪ (time) I_E 39, 56, 62, 73

PGC Errorɔɪ (oil) OI 37, 47, 69, 74

PGC Errorəʊ (foam) O_E / OA 44, 53, 68, 70

PGC Erroraʊ (owl) OU/OW 58(OU), 64, 67, 71(OU)

PGC Error

Short Long

OY 40, 46, 63, 66

AY 38, 50, 52, 57

Phoneme (example

SH 31, 55, 58, 74

NG 24, 41, 65, 69

TH 34, 72

IE/ Y 36, 54, 59

Grapheme

Medial

Initial Final

PGC ErrorDoubling after short vowel

22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30

PGC Error

Item numbers

Consonant clusters 38, 40, 46, 53, 54, 59, 65, 72, 73 12, 13, 21, 47

Final 'e' Additions

ComparisonData

In2010,theDiSTnwasadministeredtochildreninYears1to7inthreeschoolsintheSydneyarea.TheschoolswerechosenbecausetheirNAPLANresultsindicatedaverageperformanceofstudentsonliteracymeasures.Thetestwasadministeredtosmallgroupsofchildrenbytrainedtesters.

Summarystatisticsofthenormsample,aswellasmeasuresofreliabilityandvalidityoftheDiSTnarereportedinthefollowingpaper:Kohnen,S.,Colenbrander,D.,Krajenbrink,T.,&Nickels,L.(2015).Assessmentoflexicalandnon-lexicalspellinginstudentsinGrades1-7.AustralianJournalofLearningDifficulties,20(1),15-38.doi:10.1080/19404158.2015.1023209Thispapercanbefoundonline,orcanberequestedfromthefirstauthor(Email:saskia.kohnen@mq.edu.au).

AppendixA:Grade1-4–Nostoppingrule

RAW SCOREPercentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score

0 0.1 -3.09 0.1 -3.09 0.1 -3.09 0.1 -3.091 0.4 -2.69 0.2 -2.83 0.6 -2.54 0.2 -2.882 0.6 -2.50 0.4 -2.68 1 -2.32 0.3 -2.753 0.9 -2.37 0.5 -2.58 1 -2.18 0.4 -2.654 1 -2.28 0.6 -2.49 2 -2.07 0.5 -2.585 1 -2.20 0.8 -2.42 2 -1.98 0.6 -2.516 4 -1.72 0.9 -2.37 3 -1.91 0.7 -2.467 7 -1.46 1 -2.31 3 -1.84 0.8 -2.418 9 -1.36 1 -2.27 4 -1.79 0.9 -2.379 12 -1.20 1 -2.23 5 -1.65 1 -2.33

10 17 -0.94 3 -1.95 6 -1.55 1 -2.2911 20 -0.83 4 -1.77 7 -1.50 2 -2.0012 22 -0.76 5 -1.64 7 -1.45 3 -1.9613 25 -0.69 6 -1.52 9 -1.37 3 -1.9214 29 -0.55 8 -1.43 9 -1.34 3 -1.8915 31 -0.49 9 -1.34 9 -1.32 3 -1.8516 33 -0.43 13 -1.14 10 -1.29 3 -1.8317 35 -0.39 15 -1.02 11 -1.23 4 -1.7918 44 -0.16 16 -0.99 11 -1.21 4 -1.7619 46 -0.09 17 -0.97 12 -1.19 4 -1.7420 47 -0.07 17 -0.95 12 -1.17 4 -1.7121 48 -0.06 18 -0.93 15 -1.05 5 -1.6822 49 -0.04 18 -0.92 16 -1.00 6 -1.5823 49 -0.02 22 -0.78 17 -0.95 8 -1.4124 51 0.02 26 -0.66 20 -0.86 9 -1.3325 55 0.13 28 -0.58 21 -0.79 12 -1.2026 59 0.24 30 -0.54 23 -0.73 12 -1.1727 64 0.35 35 -0.40 26 -0.66 13 -1.1528 64 0.36 37 -0.33 26 -0.64 14 -1.0929 65 0.37 40 -0.26 27 -0.62 14 -1.0630 65 0.38 42 -0.19 29 -0.54 15 -1.0431 65 0.39 45 -0.13 34 -0.41 16 -0.9932 67 0.43 47 -0.07 35 -0.37 16 -0.9833 68 0.47 49 -0.03 37 -0.34 17 -0.9734 71 0.55 50 0.00 39 -0.28 17 -0.9635 73 0.60 54 0.10 42 -0.21 17 -0.9536 75 0.69 56 0.16 44 -0.15 20 -0.8637 77 0.73 60 0.26 46 -0.09 20 -0.8438 78 0.78 63 0.33 50 0.00 21 -0.8239 80 0.86 64 0.36 55 0.12 21 -0.8040 83 0.94 67 0.43 60 0.25 22 -0.7841 84 1.00 68 0.46 61 0.28 28 -0.5942 86 1.06 74 0.66 62 0.31 33 -0.4343 88 1.16 78 0.78 67 0.44 34 -0.4044 90 1.28 80 0.82 71 0.54 36 -0.3745 92 1.41 81 0.87 73 0.62 39 -0.2846 94 1.57 81 0.89 77 0.73 46 -0.1047 97 1.90 82 0.90 79 0.82 51 0.0248 97 1.92 82 0.92 82 0.90 53 0.0749 97 1.94 86 1.08 84 1.00 55 0.1350 98 1.97 86 1.10 87 1.11 61 0.2851 98 2.00 87 1.12 88 1.17 63 0.3452 98 2.02 87 1.15 92 1.37 67 0.4353 98 2.05 88 1.17 93 1.45 74 0.6354 98 2.09 89 1.20 94 1.55 78 0.7855 98 2.12 92 1.43 95 1.65 83 0.9556 98 2.16 94 1.52 96 1.70 87 1.1557 99 2.20 96 1.77 96 1.74 90 1.2658 99 2.28 97 1.83 96 1.79 92 1.4159 99 2.39 97 1.88 98 1.98 93 1.4860 99 2.54 97 1.94 98 2.10 94 1.5861 >99 2.77 99 2.23 99 2.26 96 1.7562 >99 >2.77 99 2.38 99 2.37 98 2.0063 >99 >2.77 >99 2.62 99 2.51 99 2.2964 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 2.75 >99 >2.2965 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2966 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2967 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2968 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2969 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2970 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2971 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2972 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2973 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.2974 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.75 >99 >2.29

GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4

AppendixB:Grade5-7–NoStoppingRule

RAW SCOREPercentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score

0 1 -2.29 0.1 -3.09 0.1 -3.091 1 -2.25 0.2 -2.86 0.2 -2.922 1 -2.22 0.3 -2.72 0.3 -2.803 1 -2.19 0.4 -2.62 0.3 -2.714 2 -2.16 0.5 -2.55 0.4 -2.645 2 -2.13 0.7 -2.48 0.5 -2.586 2 -2.10 0.8 -2.42 1 -2.537 2 -2.08 0.9 -2.37 1 -2.498 2 -2.06 1 -2.33 1 -2.459 2 -2.03 1 -2.29 1 -2.41

10 2 -1.99 2 -2.01 1 -2.3011 3 -1.95 3 -1.93 1 -2.2212 3 -1.92 3 -1.85 2 -2.1413 3 -1.88 4 -1.72 2 -2.1214 3 -1.85 5 -1.68 2 -2.1015 4 -1.73 5 -1.64 2 -2.0816 5 -1.67 5 -1.61 2 -2.0617 5 -1.62 7 -1.51 2 -2.0518 7 -1.45 7 -1.47 2 -2.0319 8 -1.41 8 -1.44 2 -2.0120 8 -1.38 8 -1.40 2 -2.0021 9 -1.34 9 -1.37 3 -1.9322 10 -1.31 10 -1.30 3 -1.8723 10 -1.28 11 -1.24 4 -1.7624 11 -1.25 12 -1.19 5 -1.6725 11 -1.23 13 -1.15 5 -1.6526 11 -1.21 13 -1.11 5 -1.6327 12 -1.20 14 -1.08 5 -1.6128 14 -1.09 15 -1.03 6 -1.5429 16 -1.00 16 -0.99 7 -1.4830 17 -0.96 17 -0.97 10 -1.2831 19 -0.88 17 -0.95 12 -1.2032 21 -0.80 18 -0.93 12 -1.1633 22 -0.77 18 -0.92 13 -1.1234 23 -0.73 18 -0.90 14 -1.0835 28 -0.57 23 -0.75 15 -1.0536 30 -0.54 24 -0.72 16 -0.9837 32 -0.48 26 -0.65 18 -0.9238 33 -0.45 27 -0.62 20 -0.8339 34 -0.42 29 -0.55 21 -0.8140 36 -0.36 30 -0.52 24 -0.7141 39 -0.28 32 -0.46 28 -0.5942 40 -0.25 36 -0.37 33 -0.4343 43 -0.17 38 -0.32 40 -0.2744 46 -0.09 45 -0.12 46 -0.1145 47 -0.07 48 -0.04 49 -0.0346 48 -0.04 52 0.04 54 0.1147 52 0.04 54 0.10 61 0.2748 57 0.17 56 0.15 63 0.3349 61 0.28 60 0.26 69 0.5050 65 0.39 70 0.52 73 0.6151 71 0.54 72 0.58 76 0.7152 74 0.63 74 0.65 83 0.9553 80 0.84 76 0.72 85 1.0554 81 0.88 80 0.83 89 1.2355 82 0.92 83 0.95 93 1.4856 85 1.05 85 1.03 94 1.5457 86 1.09 87 1.13 96 1.7658 90 1.25 89 1.24 98 2.0059 92 1.38 94 1.51 98 2.0360 94 1.53 95 1.61 98 2.0661 95 1.62 96 1.72 98 2.1062 96 1.73 97 1.85 98 2.1463 98 2.03 98 2.02 99 2.4164 99 2.29 99 2.29 >99 >2.4165 99 2.44 99 2.40 >99 >2.4166 >99 2.68 99 2.54 >99 >2.4167 >99 >2.68 >99 2.78 >99 >2.4168 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4169 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4170 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4171 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4172 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4173 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4174 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.41

GRADE 6GRADE 5 GRADE 7

AppendixC:Grade1-4–WithStoppingRule

RAW SCOREPercentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score

0 3 -1.90 0.1 -3.09 4 -1.79 0.1 -3.091 3 -1.83 1 -2.23 6 -1.55 1 -2.292 4 -1.77 2 -2.10 7 -1.51 2 -2.003 4 -1.72 2 -2.00 7 -1.48 3 -1.954 7 -1.51 3 -1.91 7 -1.45 3 -1.905 9 -1.36 3 -1.84 9 -1.37 3 -1.866 15 -1.06 4 -1.77 9 -1.33 3 -1.837 16 -1.00 5 -1.64 10 -1.29 6 -1.588 26 -0.64 6 -1.52 12 -1.20 6 -1.539 35 -0.39 13 -1.14 13 -1.11 7 -1.48

10 45 -0.13 22 -0.78 16 -1.00 9 -1.3711 46 -0.09 30 -0.54 20 -0.86 10 -1.2612 49 -0.02 32 -0.46 21 -0.82 12 -1.2013 57 0.16 37 -0.33 28 -0.58 14 -1.0914 58 0.20 39 -0.29 33 -0.44 15 -1.0415 59 0.24 42 -0.19 37 -0.34 17 -0.9516 65 0.39 44 -0.16 40 -0.25 23 -0.7417 73 0.60 49 -0.03 43 -0.18 24 -0.7018 74 0.64 55 0.13 45 -0.12 28 -0.5919 75 0.69 58 0.19 46 -0.09 28 -0.5820 76 0.70 59 0.23 48 -0.06 29 -0.5621 76 0.71 62 0.29 49 -0.03 31 -0.5022 76 0.72 67 0.43 52 0.06 33 -0.4323 77 0.73 68 0.47 55 0.12 36 -0.3724 80 0.83 69 0.50 57 0.18 39 -0.2825 81 0.89 71 0.54 58 0.19 43 -0.1926 84 1.00 71 0.55 58 0.20 43 -0.1827 87 1.13 71 0.56 58 0.21 43 -0.1728 88 1.16 72 0.58 59 0.21 44 -0.1629 88 1.20 72 0.58 59 0.22 44 -0.1530 89 1.23 72 0.59 59 0.23 44 -0.1531 90 1.28 72 0.60 60 0.24 44 -0.1432 90 1.30 73 0.60 60 0.25 44 -0.1433 91 1.32 73 0.61 60 0.26 45 -0.1434 91 1.34 73 0.62 61 0.27 45 -0.1335 91 1.36 74 0.63 61 0.28 45 -0.1236 92 1.37 74 0.65 62 0.31 46 -0.1037 92 1.39 75 0.67 66 0.41 46 -0.0938 92 1.40 76 0.69 68 0.48 46 -0.0939 92 1.42 77 0.74 71 0.54 47 -0.0840 92 1.43 78 0.76 73 0.62 47 -0.0841 93 1.45 79 0.79 74 0.66 47 -0.0742 93 1.46 80 0.82 76 0.69 48 -0.0443 94 1.51 81 0.87 77 0.73 49 -0.0144 94 1.57 82 0.92 79 0.82 51 0.0145 96 1.71 83 0.94 83 0.95 52 0.0446 97 1.90 83 0.97 84 1.00 58 0.1947 97 1.92 84 0.99 87 1.11 62 0.3148 97 1.94 85 1.02 89 1.23 64 0.3749 98 1.96 87 1.14 90 1.29 67 0.4350 98 1.99 88 1.16 93 1.45 70 0.5351 98 2.01 88 1.19 94 1.55 72 0.5952 98 2.04 89 1.21 96 1.79 75 0.6753 98 2.07 89 1.24 97 1.84 79 0.8254 98 2.09 90 1.26 97 1.91 82 0.9055 98 2.13 94 1.52 98 1.98 86 1.0956 98 2.16 95 1.64 98 2.05 90 1.2657 99 2.20 96 1.77 98 2.14 92 1.4158 99 2.28 97 1.83 99 2.26 93 1.4859 99 2.39 97 1.88 99 2.32 94 1.5860 99 2.54 97 1.94 99 2.38 95 1.6961 >99 2.77 99 2.23 99 2.46 97 1.8262 >99 >2.77 99 2.38 99 2.57 98 2.0063 >99 >2.77 >99 2.62 >99 2.70 99 2.2964 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 2.93 >99 >2.2965 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2966 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2967 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2968 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2969 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2970 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2971 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2972 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2973 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.2974 >99 >2.77 >99 >2.62 >99 >2.93 >99 >2.29

GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4

AppendixD:Grade5-7–WithStoppingRule

RAW SCOREPercentile z-score Percentile z-score Percentile z-score

0 2 -2.03 0.1 -3.09 0.1 -3.091 2 -1.98 4 -1.72 0.2 -2.882 3 -1.93 5 -1.69 0.3 -2.753 3 -1.88 5 -1.67 0.4 -2.654 3 -1.84 5 -1.65 0.5 -2.585 4 -1.80 5 -1.63 0.6 -2.516 4 -1.76 5 -1.61 0.7 -2.467 4 -1.73 9 -1.37 0.8 -2.418 6 -1.53 10 -1.30 2 -2.149 8 -1.38 11 -1.24 2 -2.06

10 10 -1.31 12 -1.18 2 -2.0011 12 -1.20 13 -1.13 3 -1.8712 17 -0.96 15 -1.03 4 -1.7613 21 -0.80 17 -0.95 6 -1.5414 23 -0.73 20 -0.83 7 -1.4815 24 -0.72 25 -0.68 12 -1.2016 24 -0.70 25 -0.67 17 -0.9517 27 -0.60 26 -0.65 19 -0.8618 28 -0.57 28 -0.58 21 -0.8119 30 -0.54 31 -0.49 24 -0.7120 31 -0.51 32 -0.47 27 -0.6121 35 -0.39 32 -0.46 32 -0.4722 36 -0.36 33 -0.43 33 -0.4323 37 -0.34 34 -0.40 36 -0.3724 39 -0.28 36 -0.37 36 -0.3525 40 -0.25 37 -0.34 37 -0.3326 41 -0.22 38 -0.31 38 -0.3127 42 -0.20 39 -0.29 40 -0.2728 43 -0.19 39 -0.28 40 -0.2529 43 -0.17 39 -0.28 42 -0.2030 44 -0.16 39 -0.27 42 -0.2031 44 -0.14 39 -0.27 42 -0.1932 45 -0.13 39 -0.27 43 -0.1933 45 -0.12 40 -0.26 43 -0.1734 46 -0.11 40 -0.26 44 -0.1635 46 -0.09 41 -0.23 44 -0.1536 47 -0.07 42 -0.20 45 -0.1437 48 -0.04 43 -0.18 45 -0.1338 49 -0.03 44 -0.16 47 -0.0939 50 -0.01 44 -0.14 48 -0.0540 51 0.01 45 -0.12 49 -0.0341 51 0.03 46 -0.10 50 -0.0142 52 0.04 47 -0.07 54 0.1143 53 0.07 48 -0.04 57 0.1944 54 0.09 55 0.12 61 0.2745 56 0.15 55 0.13 64 0.3546 59 0.22 56 0.15 67 0.4547 60 0.25 58 0.20 69 0.5048 63 0.34 60 0.26 72 0.5949 65 0.39 65 0.37 77 0.7350 70 0.51 72 0.58 80 0.8351 74 0.63 73 0.62 81 0.8652 77 0.73 75 0.68 86 1.0853 82 0.92 76 0.72 88 1.1654 83 0.94 80 0.83 91 1.3255 83 0.96 83 0.95 95 1.6156 85 1.05 85 1.03 95 1.6757 86 1.09 87 1.13 96 1.7658 90 1.25 89 1.24 98 2.0059 92 1.38 94 1.51 98 2.0360 94 1.53 95 1.61 98 2.0661 95 1.62 96 1.72 98 2.1062 96 1.73 97 1.85 98 2.1463 98 2.03 98 2.02 99 2.4164 99 2.29 99 2.29 >99 >2.4165 99 2.44 99 2.40 >99 >2.4166 >99 2.68 99 2.54 >99 >2.4167 >99 >2.68 >99 2.78 >99 >2.4168 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4169 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4170 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4171 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4172 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4173 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.4174 >99 >2.68 >99 >2.78 >99 >2.41

GRADE 5 GRADE 6 GRADE 7

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